LETTER Frost, Paul C; Benstead, Jonathan P; Cross, Wyatt F ...
Ecology letters,
07/2006, Letnik:
9, Številka:
7
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Inadequate supply of one or more mineral elements can slow the growth of animal consumers and alter their physiology, life history and behaviour. A key concept for understanding nutrient deficiency ...in animals is the threshold elemental ratio (TER), at which growth limitation switches from one element to another. We used a stoichiometric model that coupled animal bioenergetics and body elemental composition to estimate TER of carbon and phosphorus (TERC:P) for 41 aquatic consumer taxa. We found a wide range in TERC:P (77-3086, ratio by atoms), which was generated by interspecific differences in body C : P ratios and gross growth efficiencies of C. TERC:P also varied among aquatic invertebrates having different feeding strategies, such that detritivores had significantly higher threshold ratios than grazers and predators. The higher TERC:P in detritivores resulted not only from lower gross growth efficiencies of carbon but also reflected lower body P content in these consumers. Supporting previous stoichiometric theory, we found TERC:P to be negatively correlated with the maximum growth rate of invertebrate consumers. By coupling bioenergetics and stoichiometry, this analysis revealed strong linkages among the physiology, ecology and evolution of nutritional demands for animal growth. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
To date, attempts to assess the relationship between motor vehicle collision (MVC)-related mortality and medical resources availability have largely been unsuccessful.
Information regarding ...sociodemographic characteristics, prehospital resources, and hospital-based resources for each county (n = 67) in the state of Alabama was obtained. MVC-related mortality rates (deaths per 1,000 collisions) by county were calculated and compared according to prehospital and hospital-based resource availability within each county after correcting for sociodemographic factors.
Counties with 24-hour availability of a general surgeon, orthopedic surgeon, neurosurgeon, computed tomographic scanner, and operating room were shown to have decreased MVC-related mortality (relative risk RR, 0.88). The same was true for those counties with hospitals classified as Level I-II (RR, 0.71) and Level III-IV (RR, 0.83) trauma centers compared with counties with no trauma centers.
Appropriate, readily available hospital-based resources are associated with lower MVC-related mortality rates. This information may be useful in trauma system planning and development.
A rule-based software test data generator Deason, W.H.; Brown, D.B.; Chang, K.-H. ...
IEEE transactions on knowledge and data engineering,
03/1991, Letnik:
3, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Rule-based software test data generation is proposed as an alternative to either path/predicate analysis or random data generation. A prototype rule-based test data generator for Ada programs is ...constructed and compared to a random test data generator. Four Ada procedures are used in the comparison. Approximately 2000 rule-based test cases and 100000 randomly generated test cases are automatically generated and executed. The success of the two methods is compared using standard coverage metrics. Simple statistical tests showing that even the primitive rule-based test data generation prototype is significantly better than random data generation are performed. This result demonstrates that rule-based test data generation is feasible and shows great promise in assisting test engineers, especially when the rule base is developed further.< >
The purpose of the workshop is to introduce faculty to the advanced pedagogical features provided by jGRASP for teaching and learning Java, especially for first year students. This includes the ...traditional CS1 (introduction to programming) and CS2 (introduction to data structures and algorithms). jGRASP is a freely available lightweight integrated development environment (http://jgrasp.org) that provides automatically generated visualizations for improving the comprehensibility of software. These visualizations, which are particularly well suited for CS1 and CS2 students learning Java, include Control Structure Diagrams, UML Class Diagrams, and dynamic Object Views (including arrays, ArrayList, LinkedList, HashMap, and TreeMap). The object workbench and integrated debugger facilitate a unique way for students to view objects created by their programs. The workshop will include hands-on activities and example programs to demonstrate how instructors can improve the learning and programming experience of their students by using jGRASP and the pedagogically sound visualizations it provides
This paper describes a software engineering project course for freshman. The course has been designed to engage and motivate software engineering students at the beginning of their matriculation, ...while at the same time providing solid software engineering content. Student teams use a simple software process based on extreme programming to complete a semester-long project in computer animation. Course motivation, structure, and implementation are described
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