Con la finalidad de caracterizar los bosques riberenos ricos en caucho (Hevea sp.) a lo largo del brazo Casiquiare se establecieron cuatro parcelas permanentes de 1 ha cada una, en las cuales se ...estudiaron los suelos y vegetacion. Es una selva siempre verde con estratos principales (10-15 m y 25-35 m) y un estrato de sotobosque con arboles pequenos (3-8 m). El numero de arboles por parcelas con diametro a la altura del pecho de 10 cm o mas es alrededor de 500, con 112 a 169 especies diferentes. Se encontraron 25 a 50 arboles por hectarea, principalmente Hevea benthamiana y H. guianensis, y en menor proporcion H. pauciflora. Las cuatro parcelas estaban ubicadas sobre una planicie aluvial con una elevacion de 5 m sobre el nivel del rio durante el periodo seco. Aunque estas planicies son inundables durante las lluvias, la acumulacion aluvial actual es poco importante sobre las mismas. Los suelos se caracterizan por un horizonte superficial de 6 a 10 cm de espesor, con raices muy abundantes que forman un colchon; color pardo; textura franco arcillosa; estructura blocosa subangular fina, moderada a fuerte; contenido de materia organica de 6 a 30; pH entre 3.5 y 4.1. En profundidad disminuyen en forma pronunciada las raices y los colores son pardo amarillentos claro a blanco, con abundante moteo pardo fuerte a rojo. La textura es arcillosa y la estructura es blocosa media a gruesa y moderada. Los contenidos de materia organica disminuyen con la profundidad hasta niveles inferiores a 0.5 por ciento. El pH incrementa hasta valores de 4.8 y 5.7. La clasificacion taxonomica de los suelos del bajo Casiquiare es Typic Haplaquox arcillosa muy fina, caolinitica, isohipertermica, y en las parcelas del medio Casiquiare es Oxyaquic Dystropept arcillosa fina, mixta, isohipertermica.
Con la finalidad de caracterizar los bosques riberenos ricos en caucho (Hevea sp.) a lo largo del brazo Casiquiare se establecieron cuatro parcelas permanentes de 1 ha cada una, en las cuales se ...estudiaron los suelos y vegetacion. Es una selva siempre verde con estratos principales (10-15 m y 25-35 m) y un estrato de sotobosque con arboles pequenos (3-8 m). El numero de arboles por parcelas con diametro a la altura del pecho de 10 cm o mas es alrededor de 500, con 112 a 169 especies diferentes. Se encontraron 25 a 50 arboles por hectarea, principalmente Hevea benthamiana y H. guianensis, y en menor proporcion H. pauciflora. Las cuatro parcelas estaban ubicadas sobre una planicie aluvial con una elevacion de 5 m sobre el nivel del rio durante el periodo seco. Aunque estas planicies son inundables durante las lluvias, la acumulacion aluvial actual es poco importante sobre las mismas. Los suelos se caracterizan por un horizonte superficial de 6 a 10 cm de espesor, con raices muy abundantes que forman un colchon; color pardo; textura franco arcillosa; estructura blocosa subangular fina, moderada a fuerte; contenido de materia organica de 6 a 30; pH entre 3.5 y 4.1. En profundidad disminuyen en forma pronunciada las raices y los colores son pardo amarillentos claro a blanco, con abundante moteo pardo fuerte a rojo. La textura es arcillosa y la estructura es blocosa media a gruesa y moderada. Los contenidos de materia organica disminuyen con la profundidad hasta niveles inferiores a 0.5 por ciento. El pH incrementa hasta valores de 4.8 y 5.7. La clasificacion taxonomica de los suelos del bajo Casiquiare es Typic Haplaquox arcillosa muy fina, caolinitica, isohipertermica, y en las parcelas del medio Casiquiare es Oxyaquic Dystropept arcillosa fina, mixta, isohipertermica.
Acid-base status determination in Holstein-Friesian sires using blood and urine indicators Gonzalez-Vergara, R; Martinez, A. (Centro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria, La Habana (Cuba). Dept. de Clinica); Cuello, N. (Instituto de Medicina Veterinaria, La Habana (Cuba). Laboratorio Provincial)
Revista de salud animal,
(1991), Letnik:
13, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is an emerging tool that gives temporal and spatial information on a population's health status. Here, we report the epidemiological dynamics of a population of ...~1.2 million residents in the metropolitan region of Mendoza province, Argentina, within the period July 2020 to January 2021. We combined the use of WBE of two wastewater treatment plants with epidemiological surveillance of the corresponding populations. We applied two viral concentration methods (polyethylene glycol precipitation and aluminum-based adsorption-flocculation) and RNA isolation methods in each wastewater sample to increase the possibility of detection and quantification of nucleocapsid markers (N1 and N2) of SARS-CoV-2 by RT-qPCR. Overall, our results allowed us to trace the rise, exponential growth, plateau, and fall of SARS-CoV-2 infections for 26 weeks. Individual analysis for each wastewater treatment plant showed a positive correlation between the viral load of SARS-CoV-2 genetic markers and COVID-19 cases that were diagnosed per week. Our findings indicate that WBE is a useful epidemiological indicator to anticipate the increase in COVID-19 cases and monitor the advance of the pandemic and different waves of infections.
Display omitted
•Wastewater-based epidemiology applied for monitoring COVID-19 in Mendoza, Argentina•SARS-COV-2 genetic markers detection and quantification were made in WWTPs.•Increases in SARS-CoV-2 genetic markers anticipated increases in weekly COVID-19 cases.•Wastewater-based epidemiology was suitable to evaluate SARS-CoV-2 circulation.
FIGO staging for carcinoma of the vulva: 2021 revision Olawaiye, Alexander B.; Cotler, Joseph; Cuello, Mauricio A. ...
International journal of gynecology and obstetrics,
October 2021, Letnik:
155, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
To revise the FIGO staging for carcinoma of the vulva using a new approach that involves analyses of prospectively collected data. The FIGO Committee for Gynecologic Oncology reviewed the recent ...literature to gain an insight into the impact of the 2009 vulvar cancer staging revision. The Committee resolved to revise the staging with a goal of simplification and actively collaborated with the United States National Cancer Database to analyze prospectively collected data on carcinoma of the vulva. Many tumor characteristics were collected for all stages of vulvar cancer treated between 2010 and 2017. Statistical analysis was performed with SAS software. Overall survival was estimated based on tumor characteristics. Log‐rank and Wilcoxon tests were used to analyze overall survival similarities between and within groups of tumor characteristics. Characteristics with similar survivals were then grouped into the same stages and substages. Kaplan–Meier overall survival curves were generated for the resulting stages and substages. There were 12 063 cases with available data. The resulting new staging for carcinoma of the vulva has two substages in Stage I, no substage in Stage II, three substages in Stage III, and two substages in Stage IV. The Kaplan–Meier overall survival curves showed clear separation between stages and substages. The 2021 vulvar cancer staging is the first from the FIGO Committee for Gynecologic Oncology to be derived from data analyses. This revision has a new definition for depth of invasion, uses the same definition for lymph node metastases utilized in cervical cancer, and allows findings from cross‐sectional imaging to be incorporated into vulvar cancer staging. The 2021 FIGO staging for carcinoma of the vulva is data‐derived, validated, and much simpler than earlier revisions.
Synopsis
The FIGO Committee for Gynecologic Oncology's last revision of vulvar cancer staging was published over a decade ago. This 2021 revision is data‐derived, simplified, and user‐friendly.
Objective
To develop recommendations for the screening, monitoring, and treatment of uveitis in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).
Methods
Pediatric rheumatologists, ophthalmologists ...with expertise in uveitis, patient representatives, and methodologists generated key clinical questions to be addressed by this guideline. This was followed by a systematic literature review and rating of the available evidence according to the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) methodology. A group consensus process was used to compose the final recommendations and grade their strength as conditional or strong.
Results
Due to a lack of literature with good quality of evidence, recommendations were formulated on the basis of available evidence and a consensus expert opinion. Regular ophthalmic screening of children with JIA is recommended because of the risk of uveitis, and the frequency of screening should be based on individual risk factors. Regular ophthalmic monitoring of children with uveitis is recommended, and intervals should be based on ocular examination findings and treatment regimen. Ophthalmic monitoring recommendations were strong primarily because of concerns of vision‐threatening complications of uveitis with infrequent monitoring. Topical glucocorticoids should be used as initial treatment to achieve control of inflammation. Methotrexate and the monoclonal antibody tumor necrosis factor inhibitors adalimumab and infliximab are recommended when systemic treatment is needed for the management of uveitis. The timely addition of nonbiologic and biologic drugs is recommended to maintain uveitis control in children who are at continued risk of vision loss.
Conclusion
This guideline provides direction for clinicians and patients/parents making decisions on the screening, monitoring, and management of children with JIA and uveitis, using GRADE methodology and informed by a consensus process with input from rheumatology and ophthalmology experts, current literature, and patient/parent preferences and values.
The center of the Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal galaxy (Sgr dSph) hosts a nuclear star cluster (NSC), M54, which is the only galaxy nucleus that can be resolved into individual stars at optical ...wavelengths. It is thus a key target for understanding the formation of NSCs and their relation to globular clusters (GCs). We present a large Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer data set that covers M54 out to ∼2.5 half-light radius, from which we extracted the spectra of ∼6600 cluster member stars. We use these data in combination with Hubble Space Telescope photometry to derive age and metallicity for each star. The stellar populations show a well-defined age-metallicity relation, implying an extended formation history for the central region of Sgr dSph. We classify these populations into three groups, all with the same systemic velocity: young metal-rich (YMR; 2.2 Gyr, Fe/H = −0.04); intermediate-age metal-rich (IMR; 4.3 Gyr, Fe/H = −0.29); and old metal-poor (OMP; 12.2 Gyr, Fe/H = −1.41). The YMR and OMP populations are more centrally concentrated than the IMR population, which are likely stars of the Sgr dSph. We suggest that the OMP population is the result of accretion and merging of two or more old and metal-poor GCs dragged to the center by dynamical friction. The YMR is consistent with being formed by in situ star formation in the nucleus. The ages of the YMR population suggest that it may have been triggered into forming when the Sgr dSph began losing its gas during the most recent interaction with the Milky Way, ∼3 Gyr ago.
The importance of HSPs themselves in antigen presentation and cross-presentation remains controversial. Most studies agree that as part of their molecular chaperone function, HSPs can bind and ...present tumor associated antigens to professional antigen presenting cells through MHC class I and class II molecules, leading to the activation of anti-tumor CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. The regulation of the innate and adaptive immune responses by HSPs is still a matter of intense research. HSPs are seen as important anticancer vaccine adjuvants. They are used through different delivery systems: HSPs/antibodies, peptide/protein-HSP complexes, tumor antigen/HSP gene fusion, viral peptides/HSP complexes or gene fusion, viral proteins/bacterial HSP fusion. In preclinical models different administration routes, subcutaneous, intradermal, intramuscular or even peroral (under special conditions) can be used, and the animal toxicities are non-significant. The HSP-based vaccines can induce specific and non-specific cellular immune responses all of which are important to induce tumor rejection. In addition, the antibodies generated after vaccination are emerging as important protagonist in the antitumoral response. This response is significantly enhanced when the suppressive tumor microenvironment and the immune suppressing effector cells are blocked. Several clinical studies have been carried out and are ongoing, immunizing cancer patients with autologous tumor derived HSP-peptide complexes (HSPPCs). The most promising results have been observed in patients with melanoma and renal clear cell cancer without advanced disease. There are clinical trials with HSP-based anticancer vaccines other than with HSPPCs (including patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma, high-grade transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, high-grade cervical dysplasia, etc).
Abstract
Omega Centauri (
ω
Cen) is the most massive globular cluster of the Milky Way and has been the focus of many studies that reveal the complexity of its stellar populations and kinematics. ...However, most previous studies have used photometric and spectroscopic data sets with limited spatial or magnitude coverage, while we aim to investigate it having full spatial coverage out to its half-light radius and stars ranging from the main sequence to the tip of the red giant branch. This is the first paper in a new survey of
ω
Cen that combines uniform imaging and spectroscopic data out to its half-light radius to study its stellar populations, kinematics, and formation history. In this paper, we present an unprecedented MUSE spectroscopic data set combining 87 new MUSE pointings with previous observations collected from guaranteed time observations. We extract spectra of more than 300,000 stars reaching more than 2 magnitudes below the main-sequence turnoff. We use these spectra to derive metallicity and line-of-sight velocity measurements and determine robust uncertainties on these quantities using repeat measurements. Applying quality cuts we achieve signal-to-noise ratios (S/Ns) of 16.47/73.51 and mean metallicity errors of 0.174/0.031 dex for the main-sequence stars (18 mag <mag
F
625
W
< 22 mag) and red giant branch stars (16 mag <mag
F
625
W
< 10 mag), respectively. We correct the metallicities for atomic diffusion and identify foreground stars. This massive spectroscopic data set will enable future studies that will transform our understanding of
ω
Cen, allowing us to investigate the stellar populations, ages, and kinematics in great detail.
Evidence from human neuropathological studies indicates that the levels of the neurotrophins nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are compromised in Alzheimer's ...disease. However, the causes and temporal (pathology-dependent) evolution of these alterations are not completely understood. To elucidate these issues, we investigated the McGill-R-Thy1-APP transgenic rat, which exhibits progressive intracellular and extracellular amyloid-beta (Aβ) pathology and ensuing cognitive deficits. Neurochemical analyses revealed a differential dysregulation of NGF and BDNF transcripts and protein expression. While BDNF mRNA levels were significantly reduced at very early stages of amyloid pathology, before plaques appeared, there were no changes in NGF mRNA expression even at advanced stages. Paradoxically, the protein levels of the NGF precursor were increased. These changes in neurotrophin expression are identical to those seen during the progression of Alzheimer's disease. At advanced pathological stages, deficits in the protease cascade controlling the maturation and degradation of NGF were evident in McGill transgenic rats, in line with the paradoxical upregulation of proNGF, as seen in Alzheimer's disease, in the absence of changes in NGF mRNA. The compromise in NGF metabolism and BDNF levels was accompanied by downregulation of cortical cholinergic synapses; strengthening the evidence that neurotrophin dysregulation affects cholinergic synapses and synaptic plasticity. Our findings suggest a differential temporal deregulation of NGF and BDNF neurotrophins, whereby deficits in BDNF mRNA appear at early stages of intraneuronal Aβ pathology, before alterations in NGF metabolism and cholinergic synapse loss manifest.
•BDNF and NGF transcripts exhibit differential dysregulation throughout amyloid pathology progression in APP transgenic rats•While BDNF mRNA is reduced at early stages, there were no changes in NGF mRNA expression even at advanced time points•With advanced pathology, deficits in the NGF metabolic pathway were evident, in line with an upregulation of proNGF•This time point was also accompanied by a downregulation of cortical and hippocampal cholinergic synapses
PDF
