Background/Aim. Organophosphate pesticides (OPs) are used extensively worldwide in agriculture and forestry, and their application represents a major health problem for humans and animals. The aim of ...this study was to investigate the possibility of the adaptation of an organism to the pro-longed administration of a low dose of diazinon. Methods. The study was conducted on a total of 60 male Wistar rats. The first 30 rats were divided into four equal diazinon groups (n = 6) and the control one (corn oil). Diazinon was orally administered once at doses: 200, 400, 600, 800 mg/kg (one dose ? one group). The concentration of glucose, the activity of ?-amylase and the relative activity of LDH1-LDH5 isoenzymes in the blood were measured 24 hours after the application. The remaining 30 rats were divided into two equal diazinon groups (n = 10) and the control one (corn oil). The first group was treated during 7 days, and the second during 14 days with 55 mg/kg of diazinon (1/10 of previously determined LD50 value). The histopathology of the pancreas and the liver, as well as the relative activities of LDH isoenzymes in the blood, were determined after the completion of both time periods. Results. Single administration of increasing doses of diazinon resulted in a significant increase in the concentrations of glucose, activity of ?-amylase and LDH isoenzymes. Subacute application of a low diazinon dose induced histopathological changes in the pancreas manifested by acinar cell necrosis, and in the liver in the form of portal hepatitis and multifocal necrosis. The cumulative doses resulted in statistically significantly lower activities of LDH isoenzymes compared with the single administration of these doses, indicating a lower degree of the cells damage after the subacute diazinon administration. Conclusion. Subacute administration of a low dose of diazinon leads to a different adaptation degree of organs and organ systems to toxic effects caused by this organophosphate.
Nowadays, in order to maintain cleanliness in our houses, as well as to
maintain personal hygiene, numerous chemical agents are used every day.
Dishwashing detergents are used the most, followed by ...laundry detergents,
various soaps and hair sham?poos, and not infrequently descaling agents, for
cleaning ovens, unclogging drainage and sewage pipes, neutralizing
unpleasant odours, etc. Although their number is growing day by day, most
people do not realize the consequences, or at least not enough, and
especially not about their potentially toxic effects. In fact, a great deal
of the population do not consider household chemicals a particular problem,
which is true, if they are used in the pre?scribed manner. However, the fact
that these agents can cause harmful effects in humans and animals, and even
participate in environmental pollution, is more than a sufficient reason to
pay more attention to these agents, that is, to talk about them more and
obtain more information for that matter. Particularly since there are
authors who believe that some of the mentioned agents can even cause cancer,
asthma or birth defects, i.e. infertility. Household chemicals can be
divided in several ways, and one of the classifications is the one made
according to the place of use. According to this division, the products we
use every day at home can be roughly divided into those used for cleaning
and maintaining hygiene in kitch?ens, used for the same purposes in
bathrooms (including those used for personal hygiene ), and the products
used in rooms and on terraces (flower protection).
Antimicrobial agents in laying hens Cupic, Vitomir; Ivanovic, Sasa; Borozan, Suncica ...
Zbornik Matice Srpske za Prirodne Nauke,
2022, Letnik:
2022, Številka:
142
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The European Union permitted 6 antimicrobial agents that can be used in
laying hens. These are colistin, tyrosine, neomycin, oxytetracycline,
chlortetracycline, and erythromycin. Antimicrobial drugs ...are used today
primarily for the prevention and treatment of diseases in poultry and often
(not in the EU) to stimulate growth. Because these drugs are often used
irrationally, there are good chances that their residues will be found not
only in poultry meat but also in the eggs within a certain period after the
termination of treatment. In addition to the administration of authorised
VMPs, the residues in eggs can be the result of erroneously applied
medicated food, the contamination of the food with some antimicrobial drug
in the mixing unit, as well as ?extra-label? use of drugs in poultry. The
antimicrobial agents are distributed in the body and deposited in the eggs,
mainly in the yolk where they persist longer than in the albumen. Drugs that
are poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract (aminoglycosides,
aminocyclitols, polymyxins) cannot be detected in the eggs, while the
residues of some antimicrobial drugs can be detected for up to two months
(chloramphenicol) after the last treatment. The rational use of drugs in
veterinary medicine has manifold significance. When using drugs only when
they are really necessary (indicated), in the right dose and route of
administration, the potential damage can be reduced and efficiency
increased, while the risk of microorganism resistance development would be
significantly decreased. All of this becomes more important when these drugs
are used in food animals.
Diazinon (DZN) is an organophosphate insecticide which exerts its effect through the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE). In this work, we studied the development of tolerance to ...subchronic p.o. administration of DZN in rats, under both
and
conditions. A group of 20 rats (2 groups, n = 10) was administered p.o. the 1/10 of established LD
DZN (namely 55.87 mg/kg bw) for 28 days. On the 14th and 28th day of study with isolated diaphragm and ileum, we examined the downregulation of nicotinic and muscarinic receptor function through Electrical Field Stimulation (EFS). Maximum contractility of the diaphragm was recorded on the 14th day of the study (25% higher compared to the non-treated rats), while on the 28th day the contractions almost did not differ from the values found in non-treated rats. EFS of isolated ileum on the 14th day of study caused significantly higher contractions compared to the non-treated rats, but after 28 days, ileum contractions decreased approximately to the level of contractions in non-treated rats. On the 14th study day, we also recorded increased amplitude of spontaneous ileum contractions, compared to non-treated rats. The application of increasing ACh concentrations caused dose-dependent ileum contractions, without statistically significant differences of median effective concentration (EC
) values in non-treated and treated rats. Tolerance to subchronic DZN administration develops due to various adaptation mechanisms, including the most important one-downregulation of nicotinic and muscarinic receptor function.
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