District heating and cooling networks are a key infrastructure to decarbonise the heating and cooling sector. Besides the design of new networks according to the principles of the 4th and 5th ...generation district heating, operational aspects may significantly contribute to improve the efficiency of existing networks from both economic and environmental standpoints. In the present work, computer simulations using a district heating network model (NeMo) were carried out to investigate the load shifting potential offered by the thermal capacitance of the water volume enclosed in the network pipelines. The average return temperature is increased before the occurrence of the peak load by adjusting the flow rate according to the forecasted heat demand for the upcoming hours. The effectiveness of this control strategy was demonstrated for the district heating network of Verona, proving that the peak load can be significantly reduced, especially during middle season. Finally, the load shifting strategy was used to allow a change in the heat production mix, thereby reducing the primary energy consumption of the main heat supply station during the considered period.
The data acquisition system for the OBELIX experiment at the LEAR (Low Energy Antiproton Ring) antiproton beam is presented. The experimental setup is composed of five detectors with different ...readout systems. The data acquisition is designed to allow the five detectors to run together as well as in stand-alone mode, the introduction of some data reduction steps, global hardware control, and statistically significant event control. These goals are reached through a tree of VME crates controlled by a medium-range computer and four workstations; most of the data is transmitted on a combination of VME and VSB buses, while the system is completely controlled by the Ethernet bus. This design allows high modularity either in the hardware or in the software.< >
Performances of the Obelix event builder and producer Masoni, A.; Maron, G.; Vedovato, G. ...
IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers); (United States),
08/1993, Letnik:
40, Številka:
4
Journal Article, Conference Proceeding
Recenzirano
The Obelix data-acquisition system is designed to collect data coming from four major subdetectors. It reduces and formats them into a structure suitable for the online monitoring and the data ...analysis. The event builder and producer is the kernel of the Obelix online system. The data from each subdetector flow in parallel into the global event builder memory. Then they are sent to the host computer where the producer injects them into the buffer manager for recording and monitoring. The event builder and producer tasks are integrated within the overall run control system.< >
The trigger control system for the Obelix experiment Adamo, A.; Masoni, A.; Puddu, G. ...
IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers); (United States),
08/1992, Letnik:
39, Številka:
4
Journal Article, Conference Proceeding
Recenzirano
The trigger control system for the Obelix experiment at the low-energy antiproton ring (LEAR) at CERN is described. This system operates in a distributed environment and provides an easy to use ...mechanism for trigger selection. Automatic consistency checks and bookkeeping of all changes are performed. The integration with the run control system ensures proper synchronization with the other procedures.< >
The run control system developed for the Obelix experiment at the Low-Energy Antiproton Ring of CERN is described. The approach adopted is based on a state manager developed as a part of the MODEL ...project. The state manager incorporates a model for the different activities and for the way they must be organized. An object-oriented decomposition of the online system is performed. A clean separation of control, logic, and operating tasks is achieved. Remote procedure call techniques are employed to cope with the problems of a distributed system architecture.< >
The realization of a laser-based system for calibrating the scintillator array of the Obelix spectrometer is described. The system allows a very precise timing of all the signals, which is needed for ...a first-level trigger based on time-of-flight information. Details of the optical system and of the calibration procedures are given.< >
The VME based OBELIX TOF on-line system Bonaszzola, G.C.; Bressani, T.; Calvo, D. ...
IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers); (USA),
04/1990, Letnik:
37, Številka:
2
Journal Article, Conference Proceeding
Recenzirano
The OBELIX spectrometer is dedicated to meson spectroscopy and to antinucleon-nucleon and antinucleon-nucleus interaction studies. The time-of-flight (TOF) apparatus consists of two concentric arrays ...(30+90) of plastic scintillators. The OBELIX online architecture is designed to allow centralized data acquisition as well as independent data taking for each detector. The TOF online system is described. Software and hardware aspects are discussed. This system is being employed in test runs on the TOF apparatus and, integrated with other components of the whole detector, in beam tests.< >
The antineutron–proton total cross section has been measured in the low momentum range 50–400 MeV/
c (below 100 MeV/
c for the first time). The measurement was performed at LEAR (CERN) by the OBELIX ...experiment, thanks to its unique antineutron beam facility. A thick target transmission technique has been used. The measured total cross section shows an anomalous behaviour below 100 MeV/
c. A dominance of the isospin
I=0 channel over the
I=1 one at low energy is clearly deduced.
The
p̄p total annihilation cross section has been measured, with the Obelix apparatus at LEAR, at ten values of the antiproton incident momentum between 43 and 175 MeV/
c. The values of the cross ...section show that the well known
1
p
behaviour of the annihilation cross section is drastically modified at very low momenta, which demonstrates the important role of the Coulomb force in low energy
p̄p interaction. Moreover, they do not present any explicit resonant behaviour. Finally, when compared to potential model calculations, the data suggest that the percentage of P-wave in
p̄p interaction around 50 MeV/
c antiproton incident momentum is less than 5%.
The simultaneous measurement of the spatial coordinates and times of ital bar ps annihilating at rest in a Hsub 2 target at very low density rho (rho/rhosub 0lt10sup minus2, rhosub 0 being the STP ...density) gives the possibility of evaluating the behavior of the ital bar p stopping power in Hsub 2 at low energies (below 120 keV). It is different from that of protons (the Barkas effect). Moreover, it is shown that a rise at low-energy values (approx lt1 keV) is needed to agree with experimental data.
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