Oryctes rhinoceros L. is an organism that helps the decomposition of oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB). In the larvae's intestines, there are symbiotic bacteria that are used in the process of ...food degradation in the digestive system, one of which is amylolytic bacteria. This study aims to isolate and molecular identify amylolytic bacteria that produce amylase enzymes from horn beetle larvae. The techniques are used to screen and isolate bacteria from horn beetle larvae. Bacterial identification was accomplished by microscopically identifying amylase-producing bacterial isolates, performing biochemical tests on selected bacterial isolates, quantifying amylase enzyme activity, and molecularly identifying 16S rRNA. The results of screening and bacterial isolation obtained five isolates. The largest amylolytic bacterial colony index value was obtained in the EA3 isolate, which was 1.370 mm. Bacterial isolates with the highest activity were found in isolates coded EA1 and EA2, namely 0.049 U/mL and 0.0479 U/mL. According to the findings of 16S rRNA molecular identification, isolates EA1 and EA2 had similarities with the bacteria Ochrobactrum sp. and Pseudomonas mendocina.
Amylase is a hydrolase group enzyme used in many industrial areas which operate on high temperature. Amylase can be yielded from various organisms. The most common producer of Amylase is Bacterium. ...Bacterium can live in many extreme environment like hot temperature environment. One of the sources of hot water is Jailolo Bay in North Maluku, on that account it requires to conduct the isolation of thermophile amolytic bacteria from the hot water source of Jailolo Bay in North Maluku Moluccas North and test its amylase activity. Water sample used in this research was taken come from the hot water source with temperature of 75°C and 6,1 water pH. This research was done by isolating the bacteria, by packing 1 mL of the water sample into an add-on medium. Then 1 mL microbe culture was disseminated to a jelly medium and incubated for two days at the temperature of 40 °C, 50 °C and 60 °C. The resulting Bacterium colony was then processed qualitatively into the amolytic bacterium test in the jelly medium containing 1% sago extract with Iodium. Isolates yielding wide, transparent zone in each incubation temperature were identified. Identifying the bacteria was conducted with colony morphology test, biochemical test, and the coloration of Gram. The α-amylase enzyme activity test was relied on the amount of reduction sugar (maltose) which was produced by the extract hydrolysis with DNS method using maltose as standard. The result of the research shows that the source of hot water in Jailolo Bay, North Maluku has potency to yield thermophile amolytic bacteria. The amount of isolates bacteria obtained was 68 isolates from the temperatures of 40°C, 50°C and 60°C each resulting 36, 18 and 14 isolates bacteria. Three chosen bacterium isolates (big transparent zone) from each incubation temperature are isolates 51Y222 ( 40 °C), isolates 52B23 ( 50ºC) and 52YA ( 60ºC) which owns each transparent zone of 9,11 cm; 9,13 cm and 9,20 cm. The microscopic characterization result of Gram coloration indicates that those three isolates are included as the positive Gram bacteria and in form of bacillus. Based on the colony morphology observation macroscopically, microscopically and according to the biochemical test result, isolates 51Y222, 52B23 and 52YA represent bacterium of Bacillus sp. Amolytic enzyme activity of 51Y222, 52B23 and 52YA is each 157,75 mU / mL; 124,07 mU / mL and 1315,61 mU / mL
The horn beetle larvae (Oryctes rhinoceros L.) contain symbiotic bacteria that are used to digest and degrade cellulose as food so that it has the potential to produce cellulase enzymes. This study ...aims to isolate, characterize and identify microbial symbionts from horn beetle larvae that have the potential to produce cellulase enzymes.The methods in this study include morphology and physiology identification of bacteria, qualitative and quantitative activity tests and species determination using 16S rRNA sequencing technique. Based on the results of morphological observations, five bacterial isolates were taken which has the potential as a cellulase producer is indicated by the presence of a clear zone that is produced when a qualitative test is carried out using congo red staining with different cellulolytic indices. Based on the quantitative bacterial activity test using UV-Vis, the highest activity was found in PES3 isolates at 1.62 x 10-2 and PES5 at 1.61 x 10-2. Species determination results found that PES3 isolates belonged to the genus Acinetobacter and PES5 belonged to Pseudomonas. In addition to the isolates obtained for the environment and the industrial sector, cellulolytic bacteria can provide added value such as hydrolyze cellulose waste into alternative fuels.
The derivatization of three hydroxycinnamamides becomes
trans-N
-benzylhydroxycinnamamides, and their potential assay as anticancer agents has been carried out.
N
-benzyl-
p
-coumaramide (
5a
),
N
...-benzylcaffeamide (
5b
), and
N
-benzylferulamide (
5c
) were obtained from
p
-coumaric, caffeic, and ferulic acid, respectively, with benzylamine via four reaction steps, i.e., acetylation, chlorination, amidation, and deacetylation. All products characterize using FTIR,
1
H-NMR, and
13
C-NMR spectroscopy, and their cytotoxicity were tested against P388 leukemia murine cells by MTT method. Although compound
5b
and
5c
have no and low anticancer activity with IC
50
sequentially of 674.38 and 179.56 µg/mL, compound
5a
showed potentially use as an anticancer agent with IC
50
of 16.15 µg/mL Molecular modelling studies were performed to understand the interactions with the activity against murine leukemia P388 cells.
The ionophore has been successfully synthesized from p-t-butyl(carboxymethoxy)calix4arene subtituted amide. The ionophore was obtained in two steps of the synthesis reaction. The first step is the ...chlorination reaction of p-t-butyl(carboxymethoxy)calix4arene with thionyl chloride in dry benzene solvent. The product of the chlorination reaction is p-t-butyl(chloroacetylmethoxy)calix4arene in the form of the light brown viscous liquid with the rendemen of 78.25% and TLC (SiO2, CH3OH : CH2Cl2 = 1 : 1 v/v, Rf = 0.65). The second step is the amidation reaction of p-t-butyl(chloroacetylmethoxy) calix4arene with dimethylamine in dry tetrahydrofuran solvent. The product of the amidation reaction is p-t-butyl(dimethylcarbamoylmethoxy)-calix4arene or the DIMECAC4ND3 ionophore in the form of white solid with the rendemen of 60.75%, a melting point of 277-279 °C, and TLC (SiO2, CH3OH : CH2Cl2 = 1 : 1 v/v, Rf = 0.82).
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