Self-assembling peptide P11-4 is amphiphilic and pH-triggered, effective on repairing early enamel carious lesions and dentin remineralization. However, P11-4 effects on dentin biomineralization and ...repair ability remain unexplored. Thus, cytocompatibility and effectiveness of P11-4 on inducing mineralization and migration of odontoblast-like cells (MDPC-23) were investigated.
MDPC-23 were seeded in contact with P11-4 (0.5 and 1 µg/ml), Dentin Matrix Protein 1 (DMP1 0.5 and 1 µg/ml) or Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2 100 µg/ml) solutions. Cell viability was verified using MTT (n = 6/group). Mineral deposition was tested using Alizarin Red (n = 4/group). Cell migration was assessed by light microscopy (n = 2/group). MTT and Alizarin Red data were compared using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney (α=0.01).
P11-4 (0.5 and 1 µg/ml) and DMP1 (0.5 and 1 µg/ml) resulted the highest cell viability; Ca(OH)2 presented the lowest. 1 µg/ml DMP1 and 1 µg/ml P11-4 promoted the highest mineral deposition. Ca(OH)2 presented lower values of mineral deposits than DMP1 1 µg/ml (p < 0.01), but similar to P11-4 1 µg/ml. P11-4 and DMP1 at 0.5 µg/ml induced lesser mineral precipitation than P11-4 and DMP1 at 1 µg/ml (p < 0.01), with no difference to Ca(OH)2. All materials stimulated cell migration, however, lower concentrations of DMP1 and P11-4 demonstrated a higher migration potential.
P11-4 did not affect cell viability, induces mineral deposition and MDPC-23 migration like DMP1.
Self-assembling peptide P11-4 does not affect the cell viability and induces mineral deposition comparable to native protein involved in biomineralization. Combined with its ability to bind type I collagen, P11-4 is a promising bioinspired molecule that provides native-tissue conditions and foster further studies on its ability to form dentin bridges in pulp-capping strategies.
Significance
A defining goal in genetics is linking variation in DNA sequence to trait evolution between populations and, ultimately, species. Genome sequencing efficiently captures such variation ...but typically in millions of tiny fragments that omit haplotype or linkage information. We present “haplotagging,” a simple, rapid linked-read sequencing technique that allows high-throughput sequencing without sacrificing haplotype information. We validated this affordable approach for whole-genome haplotyping in large populations. We used haplotagging to investigate the rise of a novel hybrid morph in parallel hybrid zones of two comimetic
Heliconius
butterfly species in Ecuador. Our results reveal that strikingly parallel divergences in their genomes produced coordinated shifts in haplotype frequencies across the hybrid zone, giving rise to comimetic hybrid morphs in each species.
Genetic variation segregates as linked sets of variants or haplotypes. Haplotypes and linkage are central to genetics and underpin virtually all genetic and selection analysis. Yet, genomic data often omit haplotype information due to constraints in sequencing technologies. Here, we present “haplotagging,” a simple, low-cost linked-read sequencing technique that allows sequencing of hundreds of individuals while retaining linkage information. We apply haplotagging to construct megabase-size haplotypes for over 600 individual butterflies (
Heliconius erato
and
H. melpomene
), which form overlapping hybrid zones across an elevational gradient in Ecuador. Haplotagging identifies loci controlling distinctive high- and lowland wing color patterns. Divergent haplotypes are found at the same major loci in both species, while chromosome rearrangements show no parallelism. Remarkably, in both species, the geographic clines for the major wing-pattern loci are displaced by 18 km, leading to the rise of a novel hybrid morph in the center of the hybrid zone. We propose that shared warning signaling (Müllerian mimicry) may couple the cline shifts seen in both species and facilitate the parallel coemergence of a novel hybrid morph in both comimetic species. Our results show the power of efficient haplotyping methods when combined with large-scale sequencing data from natural populations.
To determine the impact of treating caries-affected dentin (CAD) with: 0.2% sodium fluoride (NaF), casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP/MI Paste™) or peptide P11-4 (Curodont™ ...Repair) on the longevity of resin/CAD interface at storage times of 24 -h, 6- and 18-month.
255 caries-free third molars were used, and CAD was produced by a biological method. The teeth were randomly distributed into: G1- Sound dentin (SD); G2- CAD; G3- CAD + 0.2% NaF (CAD/NaF); G4- CAD + CPP-ACP (CAD/ACP); G5- CAD + Curodont™ Repair (CAD/P11-4). The Filtek Z350 composite resin block was bonded to dentin using Adper™ Single 2 (4 mm/height). Resin/dentin blocks were stored in a solution of Simulated Body Fluid at 37 °C, pressures were modified to simulate natural pulpal pressures. Specimens were investigated by microtensile bond strength (μTBS) (n = 8), Scanning Electron Microscopy (to assess the failure mode) (n = 8), nanoinfiltration (to assess the interface sealing) (n = 3), in situ zymography (to assess the gelatinolytic activity) (n = 3) and micro-computed microtomography (μ-CT) (to assess the mineralization) (n = 3). Data from μTBS, μ-CT and, nanoinfiltration and hybrid layer formation/degradation were submitted to two-way ANOVA and Tukey tests, and failure patterns and in situ zymography to Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn tests (α = 5%).
The highest mineral density change by μ-CT, smallest silver nitrate infiltration and proteolytic activity in the adhesive layer were obtained significantly for the groups SD, CAD/ACP and CAD/P11-4, with most mixed fractures at 18-month (p < 0.001). CAD/NaF showed significantly similar values to CAD, CAD and CAD/NaF which presented a high percentage of adhesive fracture (p < 0.001) at all time periods.
Treating caries-affected dentin with remineralizing agents CPP-ACP and Curodont™ Repair, has the potential to be a clinically relevant treatment protocol to increase the longevity of adhesive restorations.
Background: Allergic rhinitis and asthma show many similarities in their epithelial and inflammatory responses to allergens. However, one notable difference is that disruption and desquamation of the ...epithelium is a characteristic feature of asthma, whereas in perennial allergic rhinitis the epithelium is intact and thickened. One reason for this might be differing expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) or their inhibitors (TIMPs). There are few published data on the presence of MMPs or TIMPs in the nasal mucosa in rhinitis. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate MMP and TIMP mRNA and protein in nasal mucosa from subjects with perennial allergic rhinitis and from nonrhinitic control subjects. Methods: Biopsy specimens of nasal mucosa were taken from 10 well-characterized subjects with perennial allergic rhinitis and 10 nonrhinitic control subjects. MMP and TIMP mRNA was quantified through use of competitive RT-PCR, and protein was detected by means of Western blotting and ELISA. Results: TIMP-1 mRNA and TIMP-2 mRNA were present in nasal samples, but there was no significant difference between the 2 groups. Only small amounts of MMP-1, -2, -3, and -9 mRNA were detected in the same samples. The corresponding proteins were detected by means of Western blotting. TIMP-1 protein and TIMP-2 protein were quantified in tissue homogenates; there was no significant difference between the 2 groups. Conclusion: Our studies have demonstrated the presence of large amounts of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 mRNA and protein in nasal mucosa. There is no upregulation of MMPs or changes in TIMP expression in the nasal mucosa of patients with allergic rhinitis. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001;108:791-6.)
A computer model for stream water temperature was developed, and tested in a small pasture stream near Hamilton, New Zealand. The model quantifies shading by riparian vegetation, hillsides, and ...stream banks using three coefficients: canopy angle, topography angle, and canopy shade factor. Shade was measured directly and found to vary significantly along the channel. Using the maximum measured shade, a close match was achieved between observed and predicted daily maximum and minimum water and bed sediment temperature. Model predictions of incoming and outgoing long-wave radiation flux closely matched measurements, but there were unexplained discrepancies in short-wave radiation flux. Model predictions indicate that moderate shade levels (c. 70%) may be sufficient in temperate climates to restore headwater pasture stream temperatures to 20°C, an estimate of the thermal tolerance for sensitive invertebrates.
Pleural disease (excluding malignancy) Davies, Helen E; Davies, Robert J.O
Medicine (Abingdon. 1995, UK ed.),
06/2008, Letnik:
36, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Abstract Pleural disease is a common medical problem frequently encountered by both respiratory specialists and general physicians. A systematic approach to the patient with a pleural effusion or ...pneumothorax may avoid unnecessary investigations and reduce patient morbidity. This review focuses on the clinical assessment, diagnosis and management of patients with non-malignant pleural disease and provides some practical suggestions for the practising clinician.
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