Oxidative stress has been implicated in the development and progression of hypertension. This review presents a comprehensive summary of original investigations focused on exercise-induced oxidative ...stress in hypertensive individuals. Single bouts of exercise can induce an acute state of oxidative stress. Chronic low-to-moderate exercise training improves the antioxidative defense and reduces the disease severity. However, the data that are currently available on the chronic intensive interval training-induced modification of the redox state in hypertensive patients are insufficient to draw adequate conclusions.
Galectin-3 is encoded by
, located in a unique haplotype block in Caucasians. According to the Tagger server, rs4040064, rs11628437, and rs7159490 cover 82% (r
> 0.8) of the genetic variance of this ...HapBlock. Our aims were to examine the association of their haplotypes with first myocardial infarction (MI), changes in left ventricular echocardiographic parameters over time, and impact on plasma galectin-3 and
mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, both 6 months post-MI. The study group consisted of 546 MI patients and 323 controls. Gene expression was assessed in 92 patients and plasma galectin-3 in 189 patients. Rs4040064, rs11628437, rs7159490, and
mRNA expression were detected using TaqMan
technology. Plasma galectin-3 concentrations were determined by the ELISA method. We found that the TGC haplotype could have a protective effect against MI (adjusted OR 0.19 0.05-0.72,
= 0.015) and that the GAC haplotype had significantly higher galectin-3 concentrations (48.3 37.3-59.4 ng/mL vs. 18.9 14.5-23.4 ng/mL,
< 0.0001), both in males and compared to the referent haplotype GGC. Higher plasma Gal-3 was also associated with higher NYHA class and systolic dysfunction. Our results suggest that variants tagging
HapBlock could reflect plasma Gal-3 levels 6 months post-MI and may have a potential protective effect against MI in men. Further replication, validation, and functional studies are needed.
Abstract
Background
It is known that hematological and inflammatory factors can affect the prognosis of patients with AMI, but the interpretations are different.
Material and methods
The study ...included 182 patients with their first AMI age < 70 years. Inflammatory (CRP, Sedimentation and Leukocytes), hematological factors (Platelets, Iron, Hct) and coronary status were obtained at admission. Doppler echocardiography was performed two days after admission and after 6 months.The degree of heart failure was assessed by clinical examination.
Results and conclusions
Remodeling of LV, measured by LV volume increase and Sphericity index was closely related to Sedimentation level (P = 0.013; P = 0.028). Sedimenation was related to systolic function measured by LVEF (P = 0.011) and with diastolic dysfunction measured by E/e ratio (P < 0.001). A significant impact of CRP on LVEF (P = 0.028) and degree of diastolic dysfunction (P = 0.024) was estimated. Iron level had an effect on LVEF (P = 0.017), while E/e was negatively correlated with Iron (P = 0.005). The degree of heart failure was positively correlated with the level of Iron and Sedimentation. Sedimentation level of 22.5 cut off had a sensitivity of 75%, a specificity of 52% in predicting NYHA III and IV. Iron level of 8.1 has a sensitivity of 72.4%, specificity of 57.9% in predicting NYHA III and IV. There were no significant correlations between coronary status and inflammation parameters .Inflammatory hematological status of patients is associated with changes in the morphology and function of the LV after the first MI. The sedimentation level and CRP contribute to a better risk stratification for the severity of heart failure.
Background
Myocardial infarction (MI) leads to ischemia and afterward to left ventricular (LV) remodeling. Matrix metalloproteinase−1 (MMP1) and −3 (MMP3) belong to the family of endopeptidases and ...together they can dissolve most of the components of the extracellular matrix. MMP1 and MMP3 variants have been investigated solely in association with ischemic heart disease and LV dysfunction, but not in haplotype. The aims of this study were to investigate the association of haplotypes inferred from MMP1 rs1799750 (−1607 1G/2G; NC_000011.9:g.102670497del) and MMP3 rs35068180 (−1612 5A/6A; NC_000011.9:g.102715952dup) with MI and their effect on the change in echocardiographic parameters of LV structure and function in patients within 6 months after MI.
Methods
The study included 325 patients with the first MI and 283 healthy controls. Gene variants were detected by PCR‐RFLP method. Parameters of LV structure and function were assessed by conventional 2D echocardiography, 3–5 days and 6 months after the first MI, on a subgroup of 160 patients. Haplotype analysis was performed with Thesias software.
Results
Haplotypes 2G‐5A and 1G‐6A were significantly and independently associated with MI compared with the reference haplotype 2G‐6A (adjusted, p = 0.009 and p = 0.026, respectively). After Bonferroni correction for multiple testing, MMP1 and MMP3 haplotypes lost their association with the change in LV long diameter and stroke volume within 6 months after MI.
Conclusion
MMP1 and MMP3 haplotypes are strongly associated with MI. Further studies are needed to validate this result and to examine their association with echocardiographic parameters of LV structure and function after MI.
Functional variants of MMP1 (rs1799750, 1G/2G, promoter) and MMP3 (rs3025058, 5A/6A, promoter) have been investigated solely in association with ischemic heart disease and LV dysfunction, but not in haplotype, and not in Serbian population. Both variants are mapped on chromosome 11q22, only 38 kb apart, and are in moderate linkage disequilibrium. We have found significant and independent association of MMP1 and MMP3 haplotypes with MI. After Bonferroni correction for multiple testing, MMP1 and MMP3 haplotypes lost their association with the change in LV long diameter and stroke volume within six months after MI.
To examine differences in lung function among sports that are of a similar nature and to determine which anthropometric/demographic characteristics correlate with lung volumes and flows.
This was a ...cross-sectional study involving elite male athletes (N = 150; mean age, 21 4 years) engaging in one of four different sports, classified according to the type and intensity of exercise involved. All athletes underwent full anthropometric assessment and pulmonary function testing (spirometry).
Across all age groups and sport types, the elite athletes showed spirometric values that were significantly higher than the reference values. We found that the values for FVC, FEV1, vital capacity, and maximal voluntary ventilation were higher in water polo players than in players of the other sports evaluated (p < 0.001). In addition, PEF was significantly higher in basketball players than in handball players (p < 0.001). Most anthropometric/demographic parameters correlated significantly with the spirometric parameters evaluated. We found that BMI correlated positively with all of the spirometric parameters evaluated (p < 0.001), the strongest of those correlations being between BMI and maximal voluntary ventilation (r = 0.46; p < 0.001). Conversely, the percentage of body fat correlated negatively with all of the spirometric parameters evaluated, correlating most significantly with FEV1 (r = -0.386; p < 0.001).
Our results suggest that the type of sport played has a significant impact on the physiological adaptation of the respiratory system. That knowledge is particularly important when athletes present with respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, and wheezing. Because sports medicine physicians use predicted (reference) values for spirometric parameters, the risk that the severity of restrictive disease or airway obstruction will be underestimated might be greater for athletes.
The primary aims of this study have been to explore the diagnostic and prognostic significance of Tissue Doppler parameters (TDI), global longitudinal strain (GLS), and blood pressure (BP) pattern in ...normotensive diabetic patients.
The study consisted of 121 diabetic patients and 41 healthy subjects. Conventional and TDI echocardiography were performed on all patients, including E/Em (ratio of diastolic velocities). GLS was derived from two-dimensional speckle-tracking. Ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) was obtained over 24h.
Over the three year follow up, the end points were cardiac events (myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization procedures, new-onset angina, heart failure).
GLS was found to be significantly lower (‐17.5±2.1vs-24.4±2.4; p<0.001), while E/Em was significantly higher (10.3±2.24vs7.4±1.8; p<0.001) in diabetic patients.
A non-dipping pattern of BP was observed in 38 diabetic patients (31.4%); 14 diabetic patients had an increase in their nocturnal BP.
Significant predictors of an adverse cardiac event: a reduction of GLS value (‐17%,p=0.05) increase in E/Em (>15, p=0.002) and systolic BP during nocturnal sleep (>119mmHg,p=0.020).
Early detection of nocturnal hypertension and subclinical LV dysfunction by TDI and 2D spackle tracking are of significant clinical and prognostic importance.
•Global longitudinal strain assessed by speckle-tracking echocardiography is able to reflect early changes in left ventricular systolic function at stage when left ventricular ejection fraction is still normal.•E/e, GLS and nighttime blood pressure during the sleep might be simple indicators in the estimation and early detection of LV dysfunction in diabetic patients.•Diabetic patients with E/Em > 15, GLS 119 mm Hg could be stratified as the risk group for future cardiac events.
An increase in reactive oxygen species has been implicated in the pathologies of hypertension. This study was designed to evaluate antioxidant activity in hypertensive patients and to assess the ...relationship between oxidative stress and exercise tolerance in hypertensive patients with mild left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD). A total of 42 patients, aged 51±9 years, with a long history of hypertension and mild LVDD (mitral flow velocities-E/A <1, deceleration time of E >220 ms, and preserved ejection fraction-EF >50%), and 30 controls without cardiovascular disease, aged 50±7 years, underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). Peak oxygen uptake (peak VO(2)), oxygen pulse (VO(2)/heart rate (HR)) and ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VAT) were obtained during CPET. Antioxidant activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase in the blood was measured before and after exercise. Reduced peak VO(2) (1715±426 vs. 2083±465 ml min(-1), P<0.001), VO(2)/HR (12.0±2.8 vs. 14.6±3.3 ml per beat, P<0.001) and percentage of peak VO(2) at VAT (55.5±15.8% vs. 64.5±14.7%, P=0.007) were observed in hypertensive patients, compared with controls. Antioxidant protection was significantly attenuated in hypertensive patients, compared with controls, before (945 vs. 1006, P=0.012) and after exercise (954 vs. 1051, P<0.001). The level of SOD before and after exercise was significantly associated with LVDD in hypertensive patients (P=0.012 and 0.02, respectively). In addition, the degree of LVDD before exercise (E/A) influenced the degree of exercise capability (peak VO(2)) (P=0.016). Asymptomatic hypertensive patients with mild LVDD had reduced cardiopulmonary capacity, accurately identified by CPET. The redox state in hypertensive patients was significantly related to LVDD and exercise tolerance. Attenuated antioxidant protection was associated with long-term hypertension.
Abstract Introduction In patients with recent myocardial infarction (MI) limited exercise capacity during physical activity is an important symptom and the base for future treatment. The myocardial ...injury after MI leads to both systolic and diastolic left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. Objective The aim of this study was to assess the relevance of systolic and diastolic LV function for cardiopulmonary exercise capacity in patients with prior MI. Methods Sixty-five consecutive patients after first MI without signs and symptoms of heart failure, aged 52 ± 6 years, were included in the study. The following echo parameters were evaluated: LV ejection fraction (LVEF), peak early and late diastolic velocities (E, A), deceleration time of E wave (dec t E), ratio of early trans-mitral to early annular diastolic velocities (E/e′), velocity propagation of early filling (Vp), and diameters and volumes of LV and left atrium (LA). CPET variables included: oxygen uptake at peak exercise (peak VO2 ), oxygen pulse (VO2 HR), VE/VCO2 slope, circulatory power (CP) and recovery half time (T1/2). Results Significant correlations were demonstrated between peak VO2 and E/e’ ( p < 0.001), peak VO2 and dec t E ( p < 0.001), VO2 HR and E/e′ ( p = 0.002) and between VE/VCO2 and E/e′ ( p < 0.001). Twenty patients with elevated LV filling pressure achieved significantly lower peak VO2 (1624 vs. 1932 ml, p = 0.027) VO2 HR (11.70 vs. 14.05, p = 0.011) and CP (287,073 vs. 361,719, p = 0.014). By using multivariate regression model we found that only E/e′ ( p = 0.001) and dec t E ( p = 0.008) significantly contributed to peak VO2. Conclusions Diastolic dysfunction, particularly LV filling pressure, determine exercise capacity, despite differences in LV ejection fraction in patients with prior MI.
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