Lineage transitions are a central feature of prostate development, tumourigenesis and treatment resistance. While epigenetic changes are well known to drive prostate lineage transitions, it remains ...unclear how upstream metabolic signalling contributes to the regulation of prostate epithelial identity. To fill this gap, we developed an approach to perform metabolomics on primary prostate epithelial cells. Using this approach, we discovered that the basal and luminal cells of the prostate exhibit distinct metabolomes and nutrient utilization patterns. Furthermore, basal-to-luminal differentiation is accompanied by increased pyruvate oxidation. We establish the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier and subsequent lactate accumulation as regulators of prostate luminal identity. Inhibition of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier or supplementation with exogenous lactate results in large-scale chromatin remodelling, influencing both lineage-specific transcription factors and response to antiandrogen treatment. These results establish reciprocal regulation of metabolism and prostate epithelial lineage identity.
In this work we report a straightforward method for the synthesis of a new class of small organic fluorophores bearing both 2.2paracyclophane and naphthalene subunits using an intramolecular ...dehydrogenative Diels–Alder reaction as a key step. These compounds are characterized by a compact three-dimensional structure as well as through-space conjugated push–pull systems, and possess interesting spectroscopic characteristics that may be useful for the development of innovative chemical probes and optical sensors.
Sexually antagonistic genetic variation can pose limits to the independent evolution and adaptation of the sexes. The extent of sexually antagonistic variation is reflected in the intersex genetic ...correlation for fitness (rw(FM)). Previous estimates of this correlation have been mostly limited to populations in environments to which they are already well adapted, making it difficult to gauge the importance of sexually antagonistic genetic variance during the early stages of adaptation, such as that occurring following abrupt environmental change or upon the colonization of new habitat. Here we assayed male and female lifetime fitness in a population of Drosophila serrata in four novel laboratory environments. We found that rw(FM) varied significantly across environments, with point estimates ranging from positive to negative values of considerable magnitude. We also found that the variability among estimates was because, at least in part, of significant differences among environments in the genetic variances of both male and female fitness, with no evidence of any significant changes in the intersex covariance itself, although standard errors of these estimates were large. Our results illustrate the unpredictable nature of rw(FM) in novel environments and suggest that, although sexually antagonistic genetic variance can be pronounced in some novel environments, it may have little effect in constraining the early stages of adaptation in others.
Mate preferences are costly and are thought to evolve due to the direct and/or indirect benefits they provide. Such costs and benefits may vary in response to intrinsic and extrinsic factors with ...important evolutionary consequences. Limited attention has been given to quantifying such variation and understanding its causes, most notably with respect to the direction and strength of preferences for multivariate sexual displays. In Drosophila serrata, female preferences target a pheromone blend of long‐chain cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs). We used a factorial design to test whether female age and mating status generated variation in the strength and direction of sexual selection on male CHCs. Replicate choice mating trials were conducted using young and old females (4 or 10 days post‐emergence) that were either virgin or previously mated. The outcome of such trials is known to capture variation in female mate preferences, although male–male interactions may also contribute. Directional sexual selection on male CHCs was highly significant within each treatment, but there was little evidence of any variation among treatments. The absence of treatment effects implies that the multivariate combination of male CHCs preferred by females was constant with respect to female age and mating status. To the extent that male–male interactions may also contribute, our results similarly imply that these did not vary among treatments groups. With respect to D. serrata mate preferences, our results suggest that either plasticity with respect to age and mating status is not beneficial to females, or preference expression is somehow constrained.
La recherche de déficit immunitaire est conseillée en systématique devant une infection sévère mais peu réalisée en pratique. Nous avons analysé les hospitalisations pour infection sévère en ...réanimation pédiatrique au CHU de Montpellier afin de déterminer la proportion d’enfants présentant une anomalie immunitaire.
Furent inclus tous les patients âgés de 1 mois à 16 ans hospitalisés pour infection prouvée de juin 2013 à juin 2015. Étaient relevés : l’existence de comorbidité, la réalisation d’un dépistage immunitaire, la présence d’anomalies sur celui-ci.
Sur 876 hospitalisations, il y avait 19,7 % d’infections prouvées. Quatre-vingt-neuf enfants furent inclus dont 59 sans comorbidité. Les germes prédominants étaient les méningocoques (12 cas), les pneumocoques (9 cas) et les Rotavirus (7 cas). Trente-neuf pour cent des enfants sans comorbidité ont bénéficié d’un bilan immunitaire. Huit enfants (35 %) présentaient des anomalies sur leur bilan immunitaire. Les enfants porteurs de déficit immunitaire représentaient 27 % des inclus.
La proportion de déficit immunitaire est importante chez les enfants hospitalisés en réanimation pour infection ; la réalisation de bilans systématiques est nécessaire afin d’assurer un suivi adapté de ces enfants.
La recherche de déficit immunitaire est conseillée en systématique devant une infection sévère mais peu réalisée en pratique. Nous avons analysé les hospitalisations pour infection sévère en ...réanimation pédiatrique au CHU de Montpellier afin de déterminer la proportion d’enfants présentant une anomalie immunitaire.
Furent inclus tous les patients âgés de 1 mois à 16ans, hospitalisés pour infection prouvée de juin 2013 à juin 2015. Étaient relevés : l’existence de comorbidité, la réalisation d’un dépistage immunitaire, la présence d’anomalies sur celui-ci.
Sur 876 hospitalisations, il y avait 19,7 % d’infections prouvées. Quatre-vingt-neuf enfants furent inclus dont 59 sans comorbidité. Les germes prédominants étaient les méningocoques (12 cas), les pneumocoques (9 cas) et les Rotavirus (7 cas). Trente-neuf pour cent des enfants sans comorbidité ont bénéficié d’un bilan immunitaire. Huit enfants (35 %) présentaient des anomalies sur leur bilan immunitaire. Les enfants porteurs de déficit immunitaire représentaient 27 % des inclus.
La proportion de déficit immunitaire est importante chez les enfants hospitalisés en réanimation pour infection ; la réalisation de bilans systématiques est nécessaire afin d’assurer un suivi adapté de ces enfants.
Irradiating aqueous solutions containing both Ag
2SO
4 and K
2PtCl
4 leads to intermetallic aggregates of various sizes according to the stabilizing agent: polyvinylalcohol, polyacrylic acid or ...polyacrylate. In the last case, the particle diameter is 1.5 nm. The bimetallic character is evidenced in all cases by the spectral changes of such sols compared to pure silver sols which display a characteristic surface plasmon absorption band. This plasmon band disappears when 10 to 20 at.% or more Pt is present. Observation by TEM gives an estimation of the particle sizes. Comparable results have been obtained for AuPt particles.
Abstract
Mate preferences are costly and are thought to evolve due to the direct and/or indirect benefits they provide. Such costs and benefits may vary in response to intrinsic and extrinsic factors ...with important evolutionary consequences. Limited attention has been given to quantifying such variation and understanding its causes, most notably with respect to the direction and strength of preferences for multivariate sexual displays. In
D
rosophila serrata
, female preferences target a pheromone blend of long‐chain cuticular hydrocarbons (
CHC
s). We used a factorial design to test whether female age and mating status generated variation in the strength and direction of sexual selection on male
CHC
s. Replicate choice mating trials were conducted using young and old females (4 or 10 days post‐emergence) that were either virgin or previously mated. The outcome of such trials is known to capture variation in female mate preferences, although male–male interactions may also contribute. Directional sexual selection on male
CHC
s was highly significant within each treatment, but there was little evidence of any variation among treatments. The absence of treatment effects implies that the multivariate combination of male
CHC
s preferred by females was constant with respect to female age and mating status. To the extent that male–male interactions may also contribute, our results similarly imply that these did not vary among treatments groups. With respect to
D
. serrata
mate preferences, our results suggest that either plasticity with respect to age and mating status is not beneficial to females, or preference expression is somehow constrained.
In a CO-saturated water/2-propanol mixed solvent, K2PtCl4salt can be radiolytically reduced either into molecular carbonyl clusters of the Pt3(CO)6n2−series or into colloidal metal particles by ...varying the CO : Pt ratio. The reduction occurs by a combined effect of CO and radicals produced by radiolysis, giving rise to unusually high reduction yields. The colloidal platinum and also the molecular clusters can easily be impregnated on carbon black. The particle size of the supported catalyst prepared in this way lies in the 2–3 nm range and is independent of the catalyst loading and support surface area, even for high loadings (3-nm particles have been deposited up to a 60 wt% loading on a Printex powder). These catalysts are found to be efficient for methanol or hydrogen electrooxidation and for oxygen electroreduction. The CO-stabilized colloids have been characterized by electron microscopy and UV–visible spectroscopy.
Over the last 10 years, the influence of the dog–owner relationship on dog behaviour has received growing attention, unlike the working dog handler's relationship. Using a questionnaire addressed to ...the 430 dog handlers of the Belgian army in 2001 (303 respondents), this study investigated the association between the time spent by handlers with their military dog (MD) and some behaviours of these dogs, reflecting welfare, obedience, and aggressiveness. Less than half of the handlers took their MD home and/or practised a sport with their MD. Most of the handlers practising sport with their MD also took their animal home. Statistically significant associations were detected. Obedience of MDs was clearly greater in MDs living at their handler's home and in MDs practising sport. On the contrary, we found no influence on obedience either for the first time handlers or for their length of service. Handlers taking their MD home and handlers practising sport with their MD declared fewer bites than the other handlers did. Bites concerned almost exclusively military staff. Only one family member was bitten by an MD and this MD had been left in a military kennel. Suspicion of previous rough handling was associated with fearful and aggressive behaviours. Handlers taking their MD home had dogs that were more sociable, this was not evidenced for MDs practising sport. Finally, being taken to a handler's home and practising sport were associated with a lower expression of behaviours indicative of impaired welfare. Discussion of our results in the field of dog-human relationship leads to conclude that the effects of housing at a handler's home and practising sport were strongly linked to the enhanced dog–handler relationship.
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