Oral methotrexate (MTX) was administered to a group of 48 patients with advanced head and neck tumors prior to radiation therapy in a nonrandomized manner. A second group of 75 similar patients were ...randomized to intravenous (i.v.) MTX plus radiation or radiation alone. Three-year survival rates by life table analysis show no significant statistical difference between i.v. MTX plus radiation or radiation alone. Those treated with oral MTX plus radiation have a statistically significant improved survival. The degree of tumor regression in the oral MTX group was correlated with survival. No similar correlation could be found in the intravenous MTX group. The use of either form of MTX correlated with a lower rate of distant metastasis.
My dissertation focuses on depictions of conspiracy in the novels of several American writers, including Charles Brockden Brown, Henry James, John A. Williams, Ishmael Reed, and Don DeLillo. After ...introducing the narrative form of conspiracy theory, I analyze accounts of the Lincoln assassination in Chapter Two in order to suggest that conspiracy theory is an interpretative strategy that, in seeking to mend ruptures between the ideological and material conditions of society, explicitly questions the role of texts in the formation of national and individual identities. In each of the five subsequent chapters, I explore the historical and conspiratorial context in which my primary authors composed their works and link these to the themes addressed in their novels. In Chapter Three, on Charles Brockden Brown's novel Ormond: or, The Secret Witness (1799), I analyze the relationship of textual production to the quest for the secrets of human motivation during the later part of the eighteenth century. Henry James's The Princess Casamassima (1886) offers its American readers a glimpse of London's poor and vast anarchist conspiratorial networks—or rather it promises but indefinitely withholds such a glimpse. In Chapter Four, I examine not-seeing and not-writing, the invisible and the unwritten, in order to argue that a central theme of the novel is the failures of vision and writing to either enable interpretation or reproduce objects of knowledge. Chapter Five focuses on John A. Williams's The Man Who Cried I Am (1967), the source of a popular conspiracy theory about the “King Alfred” plan to detain and exterminate all racial minorities in the United States. Using the circulation of the “King Alfred” plan as a model, I consider the role of circulating texts and individuals in the novel. In Chapter Six, I look at the way in which conspiracy theorists and jazz musicians appropriate previous texts as a means of establishing narrative authority. In Chapter Seven, I examine the JFK assassination archive and its significance in the Warren Report, popular conspiracy narratives, and, more centrally, Don DeLillo's Libra (1988). I conclude the dissertation by discussing several possible avenues for the future study of conspiracy narratives. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
Over an 18-year period, 453 men with carcinoma of the prostate gland were treated with curative intent using radiation therapy alone at one large community hospital in Hawaii. A retrospective ...analysis of the survival of these men was undertaken in order to compare this experience with that of other investigators. Clinical stage was found to be a less reliable prognostic factor than the histologic grade of the tumor. Patients with poorly differentiated tumors had the worst prognosis with a 5-year survival probability of 48.4%. Patients who were otherwise eligible for prostatectomy (stage B1) had the best prognosis, 88.1% at 5 years. Inability to clearly demarcate stages A2, B2 and C was reflected in similarity of survival probability for all of these patients, 69.3% to 70.5% at 5 years. Finally, a selected group of patients with metastatic disease confined to the pelvis who were treated with curative intent is presented herewith and compared to a much larger group of patients with metastatic disease who were treated palliatively. Survival was equally dismal in both groups. X-ray treatment alone can be applied with curative intent to all patients who have no evidence of metastasis, with substantial hope for local tumor control and significant survival.
The rural county of Poyang, lying in northern Jiangxi Province,
goes largely unmentioned in the annals of modern Chinese history.
Yet records from the Public Security Bureau archive hold a treasure
...trove of data on the every day interactions between locals and the
law. Drawing on these largely overlooked resources, Tiger,
Tyrant, Bandit, Businessman follows four criminal cases that
together uniquely illuminate the dawning years of the People's
Republic.
Using a unique casefile approach, Brian DeMare recounts stories
of a Confucian scholar who found himself allied with bandits and
secret society members; a farmer who murdered a cadre; an evil
tyrant who exploited religious traditions to avoid prosecution; and
a merchant accused of a crime he did not commit. Each case is a
tremendous tale, complete with memorable characters, plot twists,
and drama. And while all depict the enemies of New China, each also
reveals details of village life during this most pivotal moment of
recent Chinese history. Together, the narratives bring rural regime
change to life, illustrating how the Chinese Communist Party
cemented its authority through mass political campaigns, careful
legal investigations, and sheer patience. Balancing storytelling
with historical inquiry, this book is at once a grassroots view of
rural China's legal system and its application to apparent
counterrevolutionaries, and a lesson in archival research
itself.
The evolution of human anatomical features likely involved changes in gene regulation during development. However, the nature and extent of human-specific developmental regulatory functions remain ...unknown. We obtained a genome-wide view of cis-regulatory evolution in human embryonic tissues by comparing the histone modification H3K27ac, which provides a quantitative readout of promoter and enhancer activity, during human, rhesus, and mouse limb development. Based on increased H3K27ac, we find that 13% of promoters and 11% of enhancers have gained activity on the human lineage since the human-rhesus divergence. These gains largely arose by modification of ancestral regulatory activities in the limb or potential co-option from other tissues and are likely to have heterogeneous genetic causes. Most enhancers that exhibit gain of activity in humans originated in mammals. Gains at promoters and enhancers in the human limb are associated with increased gene expression, suggesting they include molecular drivers of human morphological evolution.
Display omitted
•Genome-wide maps show active promoters and enhancers in human embryonic limb•Comparison with rhesus and mouse identifies regulatory gains during human evolution•Most gains likely arise by modification or co-option of ancestral functions•Gains are associated with increased gene expression and enhancer activity in limb
Analyzing the patterns of acetylated H3K27 in the embryonic limbs of human, rhesus macaque and mouse identifies human-specific promoter and enhancer activities that may have contributed to the evolution of human limb morphology.
Oral methotrexate (MTX) was administered to a group of 48 patients with advanced head and neck tumors prior to radiation therapy in a nonrandomized manner. A second group of 75 similar patients were ...randomized to intravenous (i.v.) MTX plus radiation or radiation alone. Three‐year survival rates by life table analysis show no significant statistical difference between i.v. MTX plus radiation or radiation alone. Those treated with oral MTX plus radiation have a statistically significant improved survival. The degree of tumor regression in the oral MTX group was correlated with survival. No similar correlation could be found in the intravenous MTX group. The use of either form of MTX correlated with a lower rate of distant metastasis.
Les recherches en pédiatrie portent sur l’enfant qui, juridiquement, n’a pas atteint l’âge de la majorité civile et est donc placé sous un régime de protection. La présentation de la recherche à ses ...représentants légaux permet d’obtenir leur consentement qui doit s’accompagner de l’assentiment de l’enfant. L’objectif de ce travail est de rappeler les évènements et textes importants expliquant les dispositions actuelles. Pour cela, les dispositions juridiques encadrant la démarche d’obtention du consentement sont revues et discutées dans cet article. Il est important de rappeler qu’il est de la responsabilité de l’investigateur de respecter ces obligations réglementaires mais que son implication éthique doit permettre un consentement libre et éclairé à la recherche dans des conditions souvent difficiles propres à la pédiatrie.
In pediatric research, the patient is legally a minor and therefore protected by law. Research can only be conducted after parental consent and patient assent have been obtained. In this context, this review discusses the historical events and documents related to all ethical precautions and obligations. It also underlines that physicians shall respect all legal measures, but that individual involvement must comply with ethical standards while taking into account issues particular to pediatric research related to parental consent and child assent to clinical trials.
Recherche en pédiatrie (2) : le consentement en pratique Nacka, F.; Benadjaoud, L.; Fayon, M. ...
Archives de pédiatrie : organe officiel de la Société française de pédiatrie,
September 2015, 2015-09-00, Letnik:
22, Številka:
9
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Des textes éthiques et réglementaires encadrent le consentement en recherche clinique. Cependant leur application est parfois complexe en raison de difficultés propres à la pédiatrie. Sans pour ...autant s’écarter de leur respect strict, l’investigateur a ici un rôle central et doit en la matière s’impliquer au regard du respect des bonnes pratiques, de celui de la loi et des principes éthiques justifiant l’expérimentation humaine. Nous avons souhaité donner un éclairage qui permette de ne pas se laisser déborder par des exigences contraires à la législation française ou à l’éthique et plus en relation avec la protection du sponsor de la recherche qu’avec celle du patient, en particulier dans le cadre des essais pédiatriques.
Ethical and regulatory documents frame informed consent in pediatric research; their application is obligatory but may be complex. In this specific context, pediatric investigators have a central ethical role to play to ensure the strict respect of regulatory and ethical requirements adapted to the French legal, social, and cultural context as well as good clinical practices. This article attempts to shed light on the considerations that can allow researchers to come to terms with industrial and institutional demands while responding to the needs of patients, particularly in the domain of pediatric research.
PDF
