Subatomic physics shares with other basic sciences the need to innovate, invent, and develop tools, techniques, and technologies to carry out its mission to explore the nature of matter, energy, ...space, and time. In some cases, entire detectors or technologies developed specifically for particle physics research have been adopted by other fields of research or in commercial applications. In most cases, however, the development of new devices and technologies by particle physics for its own research has added value to other fields of research or to applications beneficial to society by integrating them in the existing technologies. Thus, detector research and development has not only advanced the current state of technology for particle physics, but has often advanced research in other fields of science and has underpinned progress in numerous applications in medicine and national security. At the same time particle physics has profited immensely from developments in industry and applied them to great benefit for the use of particle physics detectors. This symbiotic relationship has seen strong mutual benefits with sometimes unexpected far reach.
Tests of timing properties of silicon photomultipliers Ronzhin, A.; Albrow, M.; Byrum, K. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
04/2010, Letnik:
616, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Timing measurements of Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPM)
1,2 at the picosecond level were performed at Fermilab. The core timing resolution of the electronic measurement technique is approximately 2
...ps. The single photoelectron time resolution (SPTR) was measured for the signals coming from the SiPM's. A SPTR of about one hundred picoseconds was obtained for SiPM's illuminated by laser pulses. The dependence of the SPTR on applied bias voltage and on the wavelength of the light was measured. A simple model is proposed to explain the difference in the SPTR for blue and red light. A time of flight system based on the SiPM's, with quartz Cherenkov radiators, was tested in a proton beam at Fermilab. The time resolution obtained is 35
ps per SiPM. Finally, requirements for the SiPM's temperature and bias voltage stability to maintain the time resolution are discussed.
Aim To investigate the impact of past environmental changes on Cedrus atlantica and its current genetic diversity, and to predict its future distribution. Location Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia. ...Methods Eleven fossil pollen records from these three countries were used to locate putative glacial refugia and to reconstruct past climate changes. A mechanistic vegetation distribution model was used to simulate the distribution of C. atlantica in the year 2100. In addition, a genetic survey was carried out on modern Moroccan C. atlantica. Results Pollen records indicate that Cedrus was present during the last glacial period, probably in scattered refugia, in Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco. In the Tunisian and Algerian sites, cedar expanded during the late glacial and the early Holocene, then disappeared after c. 8000 yr BP. Reconstructed mean annual precipitation and January temperature show that the last glacial period in Morocco was cooler by 10-15°C and drier by c. 300-400 mm year⁻¹ than the climate today. Modern chloroplast microsatellites of 15 C. atlantica populations in Morocco confirm the presence of multiple refugia and indicate that cedar recolonized the Moroccan mountains fairly recently. Model simulation indicates that by the year 2100 the potential distribution of C. atlantica will be much restricted with a potential survival area located in the High Atlas. Main conclusions Environmental changes in northern Africa since the last glacial period have had an impact on the geographical distribution of C. atlantica and on its modern genetic diversity. It is possible that by the end of this century C. atlantica may be unable to survive in its present-day locations. To preserve the species, we suggest that seedlings from modern C. atlantica populations located in the High Atlas mountains, where a high genetic diversity is found, be transplanted into the western High Atlas.
We describe here the development of a time of flight (TOF) system with 10–20
ps resolution for particle identification in a beam line. The detector resolution also was measured with the start and ...stop counters close together in the 120
GeV proton beam of the Fermilab Test Beam Facility. We tested both microchannel plate photomultipliers (MCP PMT) and silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs), in both cases using Cherenkov light produced in fused silica (quartz) radiators.
Beam tests of directly coupled scintillator tiles with MPPC readout Abu-Ajamieh, F.; Blazey, G.; Cole, S. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
12/2011, Letnik:
659, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
We report on the response to a proton beam of scintillator tiles directly coupled at the face of the tile to multi-pixel photon counters. Detailed measurements with protons show that flat tiles have ...high response near the photon counters while concave tiles have uniform response suggesting that tiles with this versatile configuration can be tailored to a desired uniformity. The beam response is in qualitative agreement with the response to a non-triggered radioactive source and reveals additional spatial features.
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