Four new ferulic acid sucrose esters, β-D-(1-O-acetyl-6-O-trans-feruloyl)fructofuranosyl-a-D-2',6'-O-diacetylglucopyranoside (1), ...β-D-(1-O-acetyl-6-O-trans-feruloyl)fructofuranosyl-a-D-2',4'-O-diacetylglucopyranoside (2), β-D-(6-O-trans-feruloyl)fructofuranosyl-a-D-2',4',6'-O-triacetylglucopyranoside (3), β-D-(1-O-acetyl-6-O-trans-feruloyl)fructofuranosyl-a-D-4',6'-O-diacetylglucopyranoside (4), together with four known phenylpropanoids (5-8) were isolated from the rhizome of Sparganium stoloniferum (Graebn.) Buch.-Ham. ex Juz. Their structures were elucidated by chemical evidence and spectral analysis. Compounds 1-8 exhibited obvious inhibitory effects on ADP-induced platelet aggregation.
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•Gegen Qinlian Decoction abated nonalcoholic steatohepatitis associated liver injuries.•Gegen Qinlian Decoction could improve lipid metabolism.•Gegen Qinlian Decoction had ...anti-oxidative stress effect.•Gegen Qinlian Decoction had anti-inflammatory effect.•Anti-inflammatory effect involved inhibition of TLR4 signaling pathways.
Gegen Qilian Decoction (GGQLD) is a well-established classic Chinese medicine prescription in treating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, the molecular mechanism of GGQLD action on NASH is still not clear. This study aimed to assess the anti-NASH effect of GGQLD, and to explore its molecular mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. In HFD-fed rats, GGQLD decreased significantly serum triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (CHO), total bile acid (TBA), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), free fatty acid (FFA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels, increased levels of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) Ahcy, Gpx1, Mat1a, GNMT, and reduced the expression of ALDOB. In RAW264.7 macrophages, GGQLD reduced the expression levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA, and diminished NASH by increasing differentially expressed genes (DEGs) CBS, Mat1a, Hnf4α and Pparα to reduce oxidative stress or lipid metabolism. The results of DEGs verification also showed that GGQLD up-regulated expressions of Hnf4α, Pparα and Cbs genes. In HepG2 cells, GGQLD decreased IL-6 levels and intracellular TG content, and inhibited FFA-induced expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). In summary, GGQLD abates NASH associated liver injuries via anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory response involved inhibition of TLR4 signal pathways. These findings provide new insights into the anti-NASH therapy by GGQLD.
Two new benzophenones, methyl (R)-3-2-(3,4-dihydroxybenzoyl)-4,5-dihydroxyphenyl-2-hydroxypropanoate (1) and n-butyl (R)-3-2-(3,4-dihydroxybenzoyl)-4,5-dihydroxyphenyl-2-hydroxypropanoate (2), were ...isolated from the roots of Ranunculus ternatus along with the two known compounds vanillic acid (3) and gallic acid (4). Their structures were elucidated by physical and spectroscopic analysis. In addition, compound 1 exhibited obvious activity against tuberculosis, while the activity of a 1:1 mixture of compound 1 plus 4 is better than that of 1 alone.
Real-time, continuous and non-invasive glucose monitoring is essential for the health of diabetic. In this work, we developed soft and transparent smart contact lenses which could detect glucose in ...tear with high sensitivity. The smart contact lenses were prepared by immobilizing a sensitive glucose fluorescent probe and another reference fluorescent dye into the hydrogel network of the contact lenses. With the increase of glucose concentration, the fluorescent color of the smart contact lenses changed from pink to blue. The fluorescent images could be collected by a smartphone and transformed into RGB signals to quantify the glucose levels. These smart contact lenses could successfully monitor glucose level of 23 μM–1.0 mM in tears by a smart phone. The animal experiments further demonstrate the biosafety of smart contact lenses and the potential application of glucose monitoring. The fluorescence sensor platform is expected to be a new method for painless glucose monitoring.
Smart fluorescent contact lenses as a glucose monitoring platform in tears has been developed. Users could read out the glucose concentration directly through the image capture and analysis by a smartphone. Display omitted
•Optical smart contact lenses as a glucose monitoring platform in tears has been developed.•The flexible hydrogels as contact lenses enhance the sensitivity of glucose detection.•Real-time monitoring of fluorescent wearable sensors can be realized through smart phones.
A new sucrose ester named β-D-(1-
O
-acetyl-3-
O
-
cis
-feruloyl)fructofuranosyl α-D-2′,3′,6′-
O
-triacetylglucopyranoside
1
and a novel phenylpropanoid glycerol named 1-
O-cis
-feruloyl-3-
O-trans-p
...-coumaroylglycerol
2
, have been isolated from
Sparganium stoloniferum
. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods.
Impinging jet ventilation (IJV) system is believed to combines the advantages of good indoor air quality (IAQ) and high energy efficiency. However, there is few study about the optimization of ...multiple performance characteristics and the significance of design variables on the ventilation performance is not clear for IJV. This study addresses an approach based on Taguchi method with grey relational analysis for optimizing an IJV system with multiple performance characteristics (including draught discomfort (PD), temperature difference between the head and ankle level (ΔT), air change efficiency (ACE) and energy utilization coefficient (EUC)). The supply inlet height, supply velocity, supply temperature and return outlet height are selected as factors that affecting the ventilation performance of IJV and L9 (43) orthogonal array is employed to design the experiments. First, the optimal combinations for PD, ΔT, ACE and EUC are determined separately by Taguchi method coupled with numerical simulations and the significance of the studied factors in promoting each evaluation index is revealed and ranked through main effect analysis and ANOVA. Second, the optimal combination of design variables corresponding to the best overall performance for IJV is determined by converting multi-objective into a single-objective according to Taguchi-based grey relational analysis. Then the important factors influencing the overall performance is ranked and the heights of supply inlet and return device are found to be significant factors in improving the overall performance. Finally, a confirmatory test is conducted to verify the improvement of performance characteristics and satisfactory results are obtained.
•A multi-objective optimization study for impinging jet ventilation (IJV) is conducted.•Thermal comfort, indoor air quality and energy efficiency are considered together.•Significance of factors influencing the overall performance of IJV is revealed.•An optimal combination of design variables is obtained for the best performance.
Targeted drug delivery system of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) refers to those using different carriers to make the effective parts or monomer extracted from TCM or natural medicine into agents ...which can directly concentrate on the target site. This system is an ideal delivery approach and has became a hot spot in the field of TCM pharmaceutical research since it can improve the pharmacological effects and reduce the adverse reactions. This paper reviews literatures on TCM targeted agents which were published in the past 10 years. In accordance with the different carriers, four types of agents, liposome, nanoparticle, microsphere, and emulsion are analyzed. Liposomes were studied most profoundly and a variety of new types of liposomes was developed on the basis of the traditional liposomes. Using natural or synthetic polymer materials to carry drugs, nanoparticles and microspheres can promote the drug through the blood–brain barrier and enhance its bioavailability. Emulsion has lymphatic affinity and the drug is coated in the internal phase, which can protect the drugs from hydrolysis. All these delivery agents are proved to be effective ways to improve the clinical efficacy of drugs, and each is discussed in detail with examples. At present, TCM targeted agents are still in the exploratory stage and many problems need to be solved. Especially, it is a huge challenge to research the targeted delivery systems for the effective parts of Chinese medicines and compound prescriptions, and the paper gives a particular discussion on this point. In the future, more attention should be paid to the research on the particle agents of TCM effective parts, and the development of new carrier materials in order to enhance the overall quality of TCM targeted agents.
Four types of targeted agents, liposome, nanoparticle, microsphere, and emulsion are widely used in TCM. Liposomes were studied most profoundly and the figure showed the structure of PEG-modified liposome.
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Based on the scattering matrix approach.we systematically investigate the anharmonic effect of the pumped current in double-barrier strructures with adiabatic time-modulation of two sinusoidal AC ...driven potential heights. The pumped currem as a functionof the pha.se difference bet ween the two driven potentials looks like to be sinusoidal, but actually it contains sine functions of double and more phase difference, it is found that this kind of anharmonic effect of the pumped current is determined combinedly by the Berry curvature and parameter va.riation loop trajectory. Therefore small ratio of the driving amplitude and the static amplitude is not necessary for harmonic pattern in the pmnped era＇rent, to dominate for smooth Berry curvatureon the surface within the parameter variation loop.
To study the active constituents of Ranunculus ternatus.
The constituents were isolated with silica gel and Sephadex LH -20 gel column chromatography and purified by HPLC. Their structures were ...elucidated by spectroscopy.
Sixteen compounds were obtained and identified as Stigmasta4, 6, 8 (14), 22-tetraen-3-one (1), 5-hydroxymethyl furaldehyde (2), gamma-keto-delta-valerolactone (3), pantolactone (4), 5-hydroxymethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one (5), methyl 5-hydroxy-4-oxopentanoate (6), methyl hydrogen succinate (7), succinic acid monoethyl ester (8), 3, 4-dihydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester (9), p-hydroxycinnamic acid (10), 4-oxo-pentanoic acid (11), succinic acid (12), nonanedioic acid (13), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (14), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (15), stigmasterol-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (16).
Compound 1, 4 -15 are obtained from this plant for the first time.
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