The Spin Physics Detector (SPD) is a future multipurpose experiment foreseen to run at the NICA collider, which is currently under construction at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR, ...Dubna, Russia). The physics program of the experiment is based on collisions of longitudinally and transversely polarized protons and deuterons at s up to 27 GeV and luminosity up to 1032 cm−2 s−1. SPD will operate as a universal facility for the comprehensive study of the unpolarized and polarized gluon content of the nucleon, using complementary probes such as: charmonia, open-charm, and prompt-photon production processes.
The aim of this work is to provide a thorough review of the physics objectives that can potentially be addressed at SPD, underlining related theoretical aspects and discussing relevant experimental results when available. Among different pertinent phenomena particular attention is drawn to the study of the gluon helicity, gluon Sivers and Boer-Mulders functions in the nucleon, as well as the gluon transversity distribution in the deuteron, via the measurement of single and double spin asymmetries.
The complexity of the pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of chronic inflammation in asthma determines its heterogeneity and insufficient treatment effectiveness. Nuclear transcription ...factors, which include peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, that is, PPARs, play an important role in the regulation of initiation and resolution of the inflammatory process. The ability of PPARs to modulate not only lipid homeostasis but also the activity of the inflammatory response makes them an important pathogenetic target in asthma therapy. At present, special attention is focused on natural (polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), endocannabinoids, and eicosanoids) and synthetic (fibrates, thiazolidinediones) PPAR ligands and the study of signaling mechanisms involved in the implementation of their anti-inflammatory effects in asthma. This review summarizes current views on the structure and function of PPARs, as well as their participation in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation in asthma. The potential use of PPAR ligands as therapeutic agents for treating asthma is under discussion.
The transfer of genetic information, including markers of antibiotic resistance in bacteria, is carried out with the participation of mobile elements - plasmids, transposons, integrons, and others. ...Antibiotic resistance plasmids are heavy (70 - 300 kDa) and encode a sign of resistance to one or more drugs. The revelation and study of such integrons has shown their important role in the evolution of bacterial genomes. The standard MALDI-TOF method does not detect the antibiotic resistance of the studied microorganisms. Because plasmids are proteins and its sizes are known, its presence in the mass spectra of resistant cultures may be detected.
The aim of the study was to detect markers of antibiotic resistance in the mass spectra of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa using the R software environment and the MALDI quant package.
We studied 10 strains of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus for sensitivity and pan-resistance to antibiotics. The resistance of the strains to azithromycin, meropenem, ciprofloxacin, amikacin, cefixime, cefotaxime was studied using the Vitek-2 bacteriological analyzer. Mass spectra were obtained using a MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer Bruker Microflex. The search for probable markers of antibiotic resistance was carried out in the R software environment. For the preliminary processing of the mass spectra, the MALDIquant package was used.
The values of mass-charge (m / z) mass spectra and the presence of areas of mass spectrometric peaks, which may indicate the resistance of the strain to antibiotics were revealed. For each of bacteria, the 3 most probable m / z values responsible for resistance, which are present only in pan-resistant bacteria, were selected. The peaks in the ranges of values m / z 2275, 3875, 5600 were estimated as promising markers of resisnance for S. aureus while for P. aeruginosa - m / z = 5382, 6976, 4881.
The analysis revealed differences in the mass spectra of antibiotic-sensitive and antibiotic-resistant strains. The possibility of clarifying the results obtained with respect to a larger number of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa strains is being considered.
RbEu(MoO4)2 is synthesized by the two-step solid state reaction method. The crystal structure of RbEu(MoO4)2 is defined by Rietveld analysis in space group Pbcn with cell parameters a = 5.13502(5), ...b = 18.8581(2) and c = 8.12849(7) Å, V = 787.13(1) Å3, Z = 4 (RB = 0.86%). This molybdate possesses its phase transition at 817 K and melts at 1250 K. The Raman spectra were measured with the excitation at λ = 1064 and 514.5 nm. The photoluminescence spectrum is evaluated under the excitation at 514.5 nm. The absolute domination of hypersensitive 5D0→7F2 transition is observed. The ultranarrow 5D0→7F0 transition in RbEu(MoO4)2 is positioned at 580.2 nm being 0.2 nm blue shifted, with respect to that in Eu2(MoO4)3.
•RbEu(MoO4)2 is synthesized by the two-step solid state reaction method.•The crystal structure of RbEu(MoO4)2 is defined by Rietveld analysis in space group Pbcn.•The absolute domination of hypersensitive 5D0.→7F2 transition is observed.
We report the experimental studies of radiation on fundamental and third cyclotron harmonic from a Ka-band high-current relativistic gyrotron with a maximum output power of 40 MW. Helical electron ...beam is formed by the electron optics system based on using the kicker field for initiation of electrons' gyration and its subsequent pitching in increasing magnetic field. Based on the spectral measurements, we estimate indirectly the radiation power level at the third harmonic of the gyro-frequency as about −30 dB with respect to the first-harmonic radiation level. This estimation is in good agreement with the results of 3-D particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations.
In recent years, solid-state spin systems have emerged as promising candidates for quantum information processing. Prominent examples are the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond, phosphorus ...dopants in silicon (Si:P), rare-earth ions in solids, and VSi-centers in silicon-carbide. The Si:P system has demonstrated that its nuclear spins can yield exceedingly long spin coherence times by eliminating the electron spin of the dopant. For NV centers, however, a proper charge state for storage of nuclear spin qubit coherence has not been identified yet. Here, we identify and characterize the positively charged NV center as an electron-spin-less and optically inactive state by utilizing the nuclear spin qubit as a probe. We control the electronic charge and spin utilizing nanometer scale gate electrodes. We achieve a lengthening of the nuclear spin coherence times by a factor of 4. Surprisingly, the new charge state allows switching of the optical response of single nodes facilitating full individual addressability.
Wnt signaling plays numerous functions in cancer, from the primary transformation and tumor growth to epithelial-mesenchymal transition, metastasis, and therapy resistance. Additionally, Wnt ...signaling is a key mediator of cross-communication between cancer cells and cells of the tumor microenvironment (TME).Fibroblasts, macrophages, endothelial cells, and immune cells of the TME send and receive Wnt signals to and from cancer cells, ‘speaking the Wnt language’. The signals transmitted through this language are important for tumor progression and fate.Targeted interference with the Wnt-mediated communication between cancer cells and the TME represents a vast and largely untapped territory for development of novel anticancer therapeutics. As an illustration, recent proof-of-concept studies demonstrate enhanced effectiveness of anti-programmed cell death protein 1 therapy by the parallel targeting of the Wnt pathway.
Wnt signaling plays numerous functions in cancer, from primary transformation and tumor growth to metastasis. In addition to these cancer cell-intrinsic functions, Wnt signaling emerges to critically control cross-communication among cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, we summarize the evidence that not only multiple cancer cell types, but also cells constituting the TME ‘speak the Wnt language’. Fibroblasts, macrophages, endothelia, and lymphocytes all use the Wnt language to convey messages to and from cancer cells and among themselves; these messages are important for tumor progression and fate. Decoding this language will advance our understanding of tumor biology and unveil novel therapeutic avenues.
A method is proposed for reconstructing the electron density profiles N(h) of the IRI model from ionograms of topside satellite sounding of the ionosphere. An ionograms feature is the presence of ...traces of signal reflection from the Earth's surface. The profile reconstruction is carried out in two stages. At the first stage, the N(h) –profile is calculated from the lower boundary of the ionosphere to the satellite height (total profile) by the method presented in this paper using the ionogram. In this case, the monotonic profile of the topside ionosphere is calculated by the classical method. The profile of the inner ionosphere is represented by analytical functions, the parameters of which are calculated by optimization methods using traces of signal reflection, both from the topside ionosphere and from the Earth. At the second stage, the profile calculated from the ionogram is used to obtain the key parameters: the height of the maximum hmF2 of the F2 layer, the critical frequency foF2, the values of B0 and B1, which determine the profile shape in the F region in the IRI model. The input of key parameters, time of observation, and coordinates of sounding into the IRI model allows obtaining the IRI-profile corrected to real experimental conditions. The results of using the data of the ISIS-2 satellite show that the profiles calculated from the ionograms and the IRI profiles corrected from them are close to each other in the inner ionosphere and can differ significantly in the topside ionosphere. This indicates the possibility of obtaining a profile in the inner ionosphere close to the real distribution, which can significantly expand the information database useful for the IRTAM (IRI Realmax Assimilative Modeling) model. The calculated profiles can be used independently for local ionospheric research.
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