Mitochondria in addition to be a main cellular power station, are involved in the regulation of many physiological processes, such as generation of reactive oxygen species, metabolite production and ...the maintenance of the intracellular Ca
homeostasis. Almost 100 years ago Otto Warburg presented evidence for the role of mitochondria in the development of cancer. During the past 20 years mitochondrial involvement in programmed cell death regulation has been clarified. Moreover, it has been shown that mitochondria may act as a switchboard between various cell death modalities. Recently, accumulated data have pointed to the role of mitochondria in the metastatic dissemination of cancer cells. Here we summarize the modern knowledge concerning the contribution of mitochondria to the invasion and dissemination of tumor cells and the possible mechanisms behind that and attempts to target metastatic cancers involving mitochondria.
Cytochrome (CYP) 450 isoenzymes are the basic enzymes involved in Phase I biotransformation. The most important role in biotransformation belongs to CYP3A4, CYP2D6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP1A2. ...Inhibition and induction of CYP isoenzymes caused by drugs are important and clinically relevant pharmacokinetic mechanisms of drug interaction. Investigation of the activity of CYP isoenzymes by using phenotyping methods (such as the determination of the concentration of specific substrates and metabolites in biological fluids) during drug administration provides the prediction of negative side effects caused by drug interaction. In clinical practice, the process of phenotyping of CYP isoenzymes and some endogenous substrates in the ratio of cortisol to 6β-hydroxycortisol in urine for the evaluation of CYP3A4 activity has been deemed to be a quite promising, safe and minimally invasive method for patients nowadays.
Although benthic fauna in the Pechora Sea (SE Barents Sea) is generally well-studied, information on the bottom communities in the shallows near islands and the mainland is still sparse. Shallow ...marine areas in the Pechora Sea serve as important feeding grounds for numerous benthophagous fish, waterfowl and marine mammals, including the Atlantic walrus (
Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus
). To study the patterns of macrozoobenthic distribution in the shallows and evaluate the ecological state of the zoobenthic populations close to walrus haul-outs, sampling was performed in 2014 and 2016 around an archipelago in the Pechora Sea. In 2014, the average biomass, the Shannon's Diversity Index and the predominance of filter feeders in benthic communities were, in general, similar to the respective characteristics in neighboring deeper areas studied in the 1990s. In 2016, significant differences in species number and in biomass were recorded compared to 2014. An increase was observed in Atlantic boreo-Arctic species. Analysis of the trophic structure showed a slight decrease in the proportion of filter feeders and a significant increase in the proportion of subsurface deposit feeders. However, the Shannon's Diversity and Ecological Stress Indices indicated that the macrozoobenthos in the study area was in a state of equilibrium. Changes in the zoobenthos may result from several factors, such as an increase in water temperature, sediment re-deposition under wind-induced waves and the plowing of bottom sediments by walruses during their foraging.
A coupled-channel analysis of BESIII data on radiative J/ψ decays into ππ, KK¯, ηη and ωϕ has been performed. The partial-wave amplitude is constrained by a large number of further data. The analysis ...finds ten isoscalar scalar mesons. Their masses, widths and decay modes are determined. The scalar mesons are interpreted as mainly SU(3)-singlet and mainly octet states. Octet isoscalar scalar states are observed with significant yields only in the 1500-2100MeV mass region. Singlet scalar mesons are produced over a wide mass range but their yield peaks in the same mass region. The peak is interpreted as scalar glueball. Its mass and width are determined to M=1865±25−30+10MeV and Γ=370±50−20+30MeV, its yield in radiative J/ψ decays to (5.8±1.0)10−3.
Search for the tensor glueball Klempt, E.; Nikonov, K.V.; Sarantsev, A.V. ...
Physics letters. B,
07/2022, Letnik:
830
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The tensor glueball is searched for in BESIII data on radiative J/ψ decays into π0π0 and KsKs. The ππ invariant mass distribution exhibits an enhancement that can be described by a pole at ...(2210±60)−i(180±60)MeV or by three of ϕϕ resonances suggested a long time ago to be the trace of one, two or three glueballs. We speculate that several high-mass tensor mesons might have qq¯ and glueball components.
Abstract
Advances in applications of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) spin centers in diamond for sensing and quantum metrology depend critically on the NV fabrication methods. One such technique combines ...epitaxial diamond growth and electron or ion irradiation (He, C, etc.), where NVs are activated by vacancy trapping at the nitrogen donor atoms upon thermal diffusion. In this work we study the efficiency of such method by analyzing NV depth profiles created by 340keV and also 4keV He irradiation in high purity CVD and HPHT diamond crystals and subjected to sequent annealing at 950◦C and 1200◦C temperatures. This analysis is coupled with the measurement of NV density in the bulk of CVD diamonds with nitrogen doping at low-ppb and low-ppm levels, exposed to MeV electrons in a wide range of the doses. For data analysis we developed an atomistic model based on probabilistic atomic jumps in a crystal lattice, which considers competitive trapping between di-(V
2
) or multi-vacancy defects compared to that of NVs. The efficiency of NV formation was defined as a ratio of the corresponding capture cross sections: σ
NV
vs. σ
V
2
. Applying this model to the experimental data, the σ
NV
/ σ
V
2
ratio was estimated about 0.1-to-0.5, where the activation energy of vacancy diffusion of about 1.7 eV was evaluated by 3-D localization of individual NVsin depth profiles in a confocal microscope and sampling their spin coherence properties (T
2
). In addition, we noted two subsidiary effects also discussed here: (i) reduction of NV density within the stopping range of the implanted He atoms after 1200◦ annealing and, (ii) partial suppression of NVs at near-surface areas visible only at low-dose electron exposures. The results of this study could be helpful to optimize the NV fabrication process reducing the density of “collateral” lattice damage.
Abstract
Development of high throughput single-cell sequencing technologies has made it cost-effective to profile thousands of cells from diverse samples containing multiple cell types. To study how ...these different cell types work together, here we develop NATMI (Network Analysis Toolkit for Multicellular Interactions). NATMI uses connectomeDB2020 (a database of 2293 manually curated ligand-receptor pairs with literature support) to predict and visualise cell-to-cell communication networks from single-cell (or bulk) expression data. Using multiple published single-cell datasets we demonstrate how NATMI can be used to identify (i) the cell-type pairs that are communicating the most (or most specifically) within a network, (ii) the most active (or specific) ligand-receptor pairs active within a network, (iii) putative highly-communicating cellular communities and (iv) differences in intercellular communication when profiling given cell types under different conditions. Furthermore, analysis of the Tabula Muris (organism-wide) atlas confirms our previous prediction that autocrine signalling is a major feature of cell-to-cell communication networks, while also revealing that hundreds of ligands and their cognate receptors are co-expressed in individual cells suggesting a substantial potential for self-signalling.
Abstract This work reports on defect engineering related to optical centers in diamond by ion implantation. In particular, we demonstrate that thermal diffusion of vacancies to a few micrometers in ...depth can be effectively suppressed provided these are electrically charged and located within the depletion region of an abrupt p + -n junction. The observed effect is complementary to the observations in the previous study (Favaro et al 2017 Nat. Commun. 8 15409) showing that charging of implantation-induced vacancies at such junction structures in diamond inhibits the formation of vacancy complexes in proximity to the targeted optical centers. In the present work we first generate vacancies near the surface of a low nitrogen doped CVD diamond substrate by He and C ion implantation before these are diffused by annealing at 1200 ∘ C into the bulk. In the next step the depth distribution of NV centers generated by trapping of these vacancies is analyzed on a micron scale. For precise tuning of the implantation conditions we derived data on the boron and nitrogen doping by step etching of planar p + resistors and p + -n- p + diode structures combined with electrical characterization and modeling. In the next step, tin-vacancy (SnV) centers were produced by 40 keV Sn implantation across the same junction structures at optimized conditions. In this way we observe an enhancement of the SnV yield and noticeable suppression of NV centers by diffusion and trapping of vacancies along the tracks of tin ions. Such ‘subsidiary’ NVs could significantly affect the emission of SnV and potentially other centers in the same spectral range.
The ability to optically initialize the electronic spin of the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond has long been considered a valuable resource to enhance the polarization of neighboring nuclei, ...but efficient polarization transfer to spin species outside the diamond crystal has proven challenging. Here we demonstrate variable-magnetic-field, microwave-enabled cross-polarization from the NV electronic spin to protons in a model viscous fluid in contact with the diamond surface. Further, slight changes in the cross-relaxation rate as a function of the wait time between successive repetitions of the transfer protocol suggest slower molecular dynamics near the diamond surface compared to that in bulk. This observation is consistent with present models of the microscopic structure of a fluid and can be exploited to estimate the diffusion coefficient near a solid–liquid interface, of importance in colloid science.
BNIP3 in Lung Cancer: To Kill or Rescue? Gorbunova, Anna S.; Yapryntseva, Maria A.; Denisenko, Tatiana V. ...
Cancers,
11/2020, Letnik:
12, Številka:
11
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19kDa interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) is a pro-apoptotic BH3-only protein of the Bcl-2 family. Initially, BNIP3 was described as one of the mediators of hypoxia-induced apoptotic ...cell death in cardiac myocytes and neurons. Besides apoptosis, BNIP3 plays a crucial role in autophagy, metabolic pathways, and metastasis-related processes in different tumor types. Lung cancer is one of the most aggressive types of cancer, which is often diagnosed at an advanced stage. Therefore, there is still urgent demand for reliable biochemical markers for lung cancer and its efficient treatment. Mitochondria functioning and mitochondrial proteins, including BNIP3, have a strong impact on lung cancer development and progression. Here, we summarized current knowledge about the BNIP3 gene and protein features and their role in cancer progression, especially in lung cancer in order to develop new therapeutic approaches associated with BNIP3.
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