Mathias Diederich
Partai Keadilan ou PK (le « Parti de la Justice ») est l'un des nombreux partis politiques créés en Indonésie au lendemain de l'ère Soeharto. Comme beaucoup d'autres, il appartient ...à la catégorie des partis musulmans et il est parmi ceux qui ont largement attiré l'attention des médias nationaux et même internationaux. Il possède cependant une aura particulière du fait que ses membres ont un profil différent de ceux des autres partis. Cet article éclaire son arrière-plan historique. Il analyse, en outre, son programme et ses statuts.
A historical beer, dated to the German Empire era, was recently found in northern Germany. Its chemical composition represents a unique source of insights into brewing culture of the late nineteenth ...century when pioneer innovations laid the foundations for industrial brewing. Complementary analytics including metabolomics, microbiological, sensory, and beer attribute analysis revealed its molecular profile and certify the unprecedented good storage condition even after 130 years in the bottle. Comparing its chemical signature to that of four hundred modern brews allowed to describe molecular fingerprints teaching us about technological aspects of historical beer brewing. Several critical production steps such as malting and germ treatment, wort preparation and fermentation, filtration and storage, and compliance with the Bavarian Purity Law left detectable molecular imprints. In addition, the aging process of the drinkable brew could be analyzed on a chemical level and resulted in an unseen diversity of hops- and Maillard-derived compounds. Using this archeochemical forensic approach, the historical production process of a culturally significant beverage could be traced and the ravages of time made visible.
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•Novel, garlic-derived, diallyltri- and tetrasulfide derivatives.•Benzyl derivative is most active and stable, with improved stability/solubility.•Compounds target tubulin, trigger ...G2/M arrest, followed by intrinsic apoptosis.•Good differential toxicity.
Natural polysulfanes including diallyltrisulfide (DATS) and diallyltetrasulfide (DATTS) from garlic possess antimicrobial, chemopreventive and anticancer properties. However these compounds exhibit chemical instability and reduced solubility, which prevents their potential clinical applicability. We synthesized six DATS and DATTS derivatives, based on the polysulfane motif, expected to exhibit improved physical and chemical properties and verified their biological activity on human leukemia cells.
We identified four novel cytotoxic compounds (IC50 values: compound 1, 24.96±12.37μM; compound 2, 22.82±4.20μM; compound 3, 3.86±1.64μM and compound 5, 40.62±10.07μM, compared to DATTS: IC50: 9.33±3.86μM). These polysulfanes possess excellent differential toxicity, as they did not affect proliferating mononuclear blood cells from healthy donors.
We further demonstrated ability of active compounds to induce apoptosis in leukemia cells by analysis of nuclear fragmentation and of cleavage of effector and executioner caspases. Apoptosis was preceded by accumulation of cells in G2/M phase with a pro-metaphase-like nuclear pattern as well as microtubular alterations. Prolonged and persistent arrest of cancer cells in early mitosis by the benzyl derivative identifies this compound as the most stable and effective one for further mechanistic and in vivo studies.
The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of an automated volumetry software for phantom pulmonary nodules across various 16-slice multislice spiral CT (MSCT) scanners from different ...vendors. A lung phantom containing five different nodule categories (intraparenchymal, around a vessel, vessel attached, pleural, and attached to the pleura), with each category comprised of 7-9 nodules (total, n = 40) of varying sizes (diameter 3-10 mm; volume 6.62 mm(3)-525 mm(3)), was scanned with four different 16-slice MSCT scanners (Siemens, GE, Philips, Toshiba). Routine and low-dose chest protocols with thin and thick collimations were applied. The data from all scanners were used for further analysis using a dedicated prototype volumetry software. Absolute percentage volume errors (APE) were calculated and compared. The mean APE for all nodules was 8.4% (+/-7.7%) for data acquired with the 16-slice Siemens scanner, 14.3% (+/-11.1%) for the GE scanner, 9.7% (+/-9.6%) for the Philips scanner and 7.5% (+/-7.2%) for the Toshiba scanner, respectively. The lowest APEs were found within the diameter size range of 5-10 mm and volumes >66 mm(3). Nodule volumetry is accurate with a reasonable volume error in data from different scanner vendors. This may have an important impact for intraindividual follow-up studies.
