Summer pruning of fruit species as an alternative for feeding with vegetable waste in beef cattle breeding is observed. The experiment was conducted in 2020 in an experimental farm for beef cows ...(Hornless Hereford breed) of the Research Institute of Mountain Stockbreeding and Agriculture, Troyan (Bulgaria). The animals were fed in a controlled manner with standardized amounts of foliar fodder, obtained after summer pruning of fruit crops (plums, apples, pears). The main purpose of the study is to consider the potential and opportunity of using plant matter after summer pruning (green pruning) in various orchards, as a food reserve in beef cattle breeding. The highest appetite was shown by the leaves and twigs obtained during plum pruning (combined group of two cultivars) (46.6%), followed by those of the apple (31.2%) and the lowest value was registered for pear species (22.2%). The total amount of the three types of fodder is accepted as 100%. Compared to the other studied species, the foliar fodder from Prunus domestica had the highest content of crude protein (20.3%), minerals (11.7%), calcium (2.2%), phosphorus (0.6%) and nitrogen (3.2%).
The aim of the present work was to study the potential of ultrafiltration with three polyacrylonitrile membranes (1, 10, and 25 kDa) to concentrate polyphenolic antioxidants in apple juice and ...extract. The permeate flux, total polyphenols, polyphenolic profile, phenolic acid content, and total antioxidant capacity were determined using the FRAP and DPPH tests, the content of water-soluble proteins during ultrafiltration was established, and the concentration factors and rejections were determined. The permeate flux decreased by increasing the volume reduction ratio and decreasing the molecular weight cut-off of the membranes. The concentration factor and rejection of polyphenolics increased with the increase in the volume reduction ratio (VRR) for all membranes and both liquids. The concentration and rejection effectiveness of the 1 kDa membrane was higher than those observed for 10 and 25 kDa during the ultrafiltration of the apple extract, while these values were comparable for 1 and 10 kDa during the ultrafiltration of the apple juice. The concentration factors and rejections of total polyphenols were higher in the extract than in the juice. Chlorogenic acid was the main compound in the polyphenol profile of apple juice. The total content of phenolic acids, determined by using HPLC, increased by 15–20% as a result of the membrane concentration, but the separation process did not significantly change the ratio between the individual compounds.
Summer pruning of fruit species as an alternative for feeding with vegetable waste in beef cattle breeding is observed. The experiment was conducted in 2020 in an experimental farm for beef cows ...(Hornless Hereford breed) of the Research Institute of Mountain Stockbreeding and Agriculture, Troyan (Bulgaria). The animals were fed in a controlled manner with standardized amounts of foliar fodder, obtained after summer pruning of fruit crops (plums, apples, pears). The main purpose of the study is to consider the potential and opportunity of using plant matter after summer pruning (green pruning) in various orchards, as a food reserve in beef cattle breeding. The highest appetite was shown by the leaves and twigs obtained during plum pruning (combined group of two cultivars) (46.6%), followed by those of the apple (31.2%) and the lowest value was registered for pear species (22.2%). The total amount of the three types of fodder is accepted as 100%. Compared to the other studied species, the foliar fodder from Prunus domestica had the highest content of crude protein (20.3%), minerals (11.7%), calcium (2.2%), phosphorus (0.6%) and nitrogen (3.2%). Keywords: prunings, foliar fodder, nutritional value, appetite, bulls.
The new methods of soil surface maintenance of the artificial grass establishment or growing of green manure crops applied in modern fruit-growing have been the subject of research in various ...Agra-ecological areas in Bulgaria but they are not yet implemented in the fruit-growing technology. Legumes are a basic element of these methods because of their nitrogen-fixing system. The present article summarizes our own and foreign results about the suitability of the different types of legumes in this trend. Bulgarian studies confirm the role of legumes in optimizing the nutritional and water regime of fruit crops in the conditions of the mountain or biological fruit growing. In view of the fact that there are a wide variety of morphological and biological types of legumes in Bulgaria, it is reasonable to have a special selection of varieties for soil surface maintenance in orchards.
The aim of the present study is to develop a system for micropropagation of bog blueberries. They are distributed from 1700 to 2500 m above sea level in the mountains Rila, Pirin, Western and Central ...Balkan Mountain, Vitosha, Osogovo, Western Sredna Gora and Western and Middle Rhodopes. An approach for the statistical optimization of micropropagation media under laboratory conditions has been applied for the first time. Sterile explants were introduced in vitro on WPM, enriched with 3 mg.l-1 2-iP and pH 4.2. To optimize proliferation, nine variants of WPM were tested with the addition of growth regulators (zeatin and 2-iP) in varying concentrations (1.5 - 3.5 mg.l-1), organic additives (casein hydrolisate and myo-inositol and pH values (4.3 - 4.8). The best result regarding the reproduction coefficient was found on M1 nutrient medium (3.77 pcs/explant), enriched with 3.5 mg.l-1 zeatin and 2-iP, 250 mg.l-1 casein hydrolisate, pH 4.8. The largest average length of shoots was reported on the modified medium M9 with 2.63 cm. The resulting micro shoots were rooted on WPM nutrient medium, halved macrosol content and different levels of IAA (0.5 - 1 mg.l-1), myo-inositol and pH. The highest percentage of rooting was found on R8 nutrient medium with 56.7%.
Background: Lung diseases are one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality after renal transplantation. The aim of the study is to define the risk factors for infectious and noninfectious ...pulmonary complications in kidney transplant patients. Materials and Methods: We prospectively studied 267 patients after renal transplantation. The kidney recipients were followed-up for the development of pulmonary complications for a period of 7 years. Different noninvasive and invasive diagnostic tests were used in cases suspected of lung disease. Results: The risk factors associated with the development of pulmonary complications were diabetes mellitus (odds ratio OR = 4.60; P = 0.001), arterial hypertension (OR = 1.95; P = 0.015), living related donor (OR = 2.69; P = 0.004), therapy for acute graft rejection (OR = 2.06; P = 0.038), immunosuppressive regimens that includes mycophenolate (OR = 2.40; P = 0.011), azathioprine (OR = 2.25; P = 0.023), and tacrolimus (OR = 1.83; P = 0.041). The only factor associated with the lower risk of complications was a positive serology test for Cytomegalovirus of the recipient before transplantation (OR = 0.1412; P = 0.001). Conclusion: The risk factors can be used to identify patients at increased risk for posttransplant lung diseases. Monitoring of higher-risk patients allow timely diagnosis and early adequate treatment and can reduce the morbidity and mortality after renal transplantation.
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