Purpose
Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) in pregnancy is rare enough and can be unrecognized because of nonspecific symptoms in most cases, but life-threatening complications for mother, fetus and ...neonate also occurs. PHPT requires frequent monitoring of the mother and fetus by a multidisciplinary team. Diagnostics and treatment approaches are limited and require individual risk-benefit assessment.
Methods
In this paper we describe 3 cases of PHPT in pregnant women with different managing approaches (surveillance, drug therapy and surgical treatment) and successful outcomes. Additionally, the most actual literature data on this problem is reviewed.
Results
The management of PHPT in pregnancy should be based on the clinical features, severity of hypercalcemia, gestational age and patient’s preference. In the first case a conservative approach with low-calcium diet and oral hydration resulted in mother’s reduced serum calcium level before delivery. The second patient had severe hypercalcemia and absolute indications for surgery that was successfully performed at 25 week of gestation. The third woman received cinacalcet because of severe hypercalcemia and potential perioperative risks in the third trimester with an improvement in well-being.
Conclusion
Nowadays parathyroidectomy is the best choice for patients with symptomatic PHPT and severe hypercalcemia. This intervention should be carried out preferably in the second trimester to avoid maternal and fetal complications. Mild forms of the disease can require just a conservative management. The drug treatment of PHPT during pregnancy is still controversial.
To study an activity of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) components in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) before and after parathyroidectomy (PTE).
A comparative study of ...patients with PHPT and control group. The first stage of the study included 56 patients with PHPT (group 1) before and on the third day after PTE. The second stage was carried out in 27 patients with remission of PHPT (group 2). All patients and healthy volunteers were tested for the main parameters of phosphorus-calcium metabolism and the RAAS parameters (plasma renin activity PRA, serum aldosterone, angiotensin II AT II).
Patients with active PHPT demonstrated changes in RAAS activity (lower PRA, higher AT II level) comparing to control group, that have statistical significance in group 1 (p0.001 for both parameters). There were no significant differences in aldosterone levels (p1=0.090;p2=0.140). On the third day after PTE (group 1), a decrease in aldosterone level (p=0.009) and a tendency to decrease in PRA (p=0.030) were detected. However, an increase in PRA (p=0.018), a decrease in AT II concentration (p=0.032) comparing to the initial values and their normalization were observed 12 months after surgery when permanent normal serum calcium and PTH levels had been achieved. There were controversial correlations between the parameters of phosphorus-calcium metabolism and RAAS. The influence of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors and AT II receptor blockers on phosphorus-calcium metabolism in patients with PHPT was not observed.
In patients with PHPT, there were no сlear correlations of phosphorus-calcium metabolism parameters with RAAS, however an increase of AT II concentration was noted, that can take part in a development of hypertension for this endocrinopathy. PTE can have a positive effect on AT II level.
For preparation of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) polymer, suitable for electrodeposition of a subsequent metal coating, a modification of the activated polymer surface by electroless nickel ...deposition in an alkaline nickel citrate-based solution without reducing agent is proposed. The influence of the main components of the solution and the working conditions on the mass of the nickel deposit has been studied. The modified surface was characterised using SEM, EDS and XPS analyses. The obtained nickel in oxidised state is sufficient to conduct current for subsequent electrodeposition of copper coating.
Cells of the moderately thermophilic Bacillus sp. UG-5B strain, producing nitrilase (EC3.5.5.1), which converts nitriles directly to the corresponding acid and ammonia, were immobilized using ...different types of matrices and techniques. A variety of sol-gel silica hybrids were tested for entrapment and adsorption of bacterial cells as well as chemical binding on polysulphone membranes. Activation of the matrix surface with formaldehyde led to an increase in immobilization efficiency and operational stability of the biocatalysts. Among the supports screened, membranes gave the best results for enzyme activity and especially operational stability, with retention of 100% activity after eight reaction cycles.
The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the etching conditions on some technologically important properties of the Ni-P coating deposited by an electroless process on 3D printed PLA and ...PLA-flex. The influences of the temperature and the concentration of the etching sodium hydroxide solution on the deposition rate, composition, adhesion, wetting and roughness of Ni-P coatings were determined. The studies revealed that the high temperature and concentration of the etching solution did not improve the coating properties. In regard to the wetting and adhesion properties of the Ni-P coating, the best results were obtained at concentrations of the etching solution from 100 to 200 g L
−1
NaOH and at a temperature of 20-40°C. These conditions allow good wetting of the freshly deposited nickel. Etching plays an important role not only in improving adhesion, but also has an effect on the composition and thickness of the nickel layer.
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