Organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) such as parathion have extensive uses in agriculture and household applications. Chronic exposure to these pesticides can cause severe health and environmental ...issues. Therefore, a current ecological concern is associated with accumulating these noxious OPPs in food and water sources. In this work, a new Tb3+-doped Zn-LMOF (Zn-LMOF= (3D) {Zn3(1,4 benzenedicarboxylate)3(EtOH)2·(EtOH)0.6}∞) was synthesized by a solvent-free reaction between the Zn-LMOF and the salt TbCl3·6H2O using a high-speed ball milling. The Tb@Zn-LMOF was thoroughly characterized by multiple spectroscopic tools, including Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy, and studied in-depth as a luminescent sensor for a series of pesticides (parathion, malathion, methalaxil, carbofuran, iprodione, captan and glyphosate) in aqueous methanol. The Tb@Zn-LMOF is a long-lived green-emitting compound with luminescence originated by an efficient antenna effect from the excited energy levels of Zn-LMOF toward the 5D state of Tb3+ ions, as it is displayed by its strong emission bands at 488, 545, 585, and 620 nm and a lifetime of 1.01 ms upon excitation at 290 nm. Additions of pesticides to a neutral methanolic dispersion of Tb@Zn-LMOF modified its green emission intensity with a pronounced selectivity toward parathion within the micromolar concentration range. The detection limit for parathion was calculated to be 3.04 ± 0.2 μM for Tb@Zn-LMOF. Based on 31P NMR and mass spectrometry studies, it is attributed to the release of lanthanide ions from Tb@Zn-LMOF with the simultaneous formation of a Tb3+-parathion complex.
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•A novel green-emitting Tb3+-doped Zn-MOF has been synthesized by a mechanochemical reaction.•The new Tb@Zn-LMOF shows an intense green phosphorescent emission when excited at 290 nm due to an efficient antenna effect.•The Tb@Zn-LMOF can sense selectively parathion in the micromolar concentration range in tap water and methanolic solutions.
Consumption of over-the-counter dietary supplements to reduce body weight is common among the population. Thermogenics are herbal combinations that claim to produce a fat-burning process through an ...increase in the cellular metabolic rate and greater cellular energy consumption, having a high risk for patients developing toxic leukoencephalopathy. We present a series of 6 patients with acute neurologic symptoms and MR imaging showing restricted diffusion and decreased apparent diffusion coefficient values (mean value, 400 mm
/s × 10
) in the entire corpus callosum compatible with a cytotoxic lesion of the corpus callosum. Although patients responded favorably to the product discontinuation with rapid recovery of neurologic symptoms, there was a more prolonged resolution on imaging alterations. Because of the widespread availability and unregulated nature of thermogenic dietary supplements, physicians must be aware of the clinical and radiologic characteristics of these potential complications of their use.
Parkinson’s disease is a highly prevalent neurological disorder for which there is currently no cure. Therefore, the knowledge of risk factors as well as the development of new putative molecular ...targets is mandatory. In this sense, peripheral inflammation, especially the originated in the colon, is emerging as a predisposing factor for suffering this disease. We have largely studied the pleiotropic roles of galectin-3 in driving microglia-associated immune responses. However, studies aimed at elucidating the role of galectin-3 in peripheral inflammation in terms of microglia polarization are lacking. To achieve this, we have evaluated the effect of galectin-3 deletion in two different models of acute peripheral inflammation: intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide or gut inflammation induced by oral administration of dextran sodium sulfate. We found that under peripheral inflammation the number of microglial cells and the expression levels of pro-inflammatory mediators take place specifically in the dopaminergic system, thus supporting causative links between Parkinson’s disease and peripheral inflammation. Absence of galectin-3 highly reduced neuroinflammation in both models, suggesting an important central regulatory role of galectin-3 in driving microglial activation provoked by the peripheral inflammation. Thus, modulation of galectin-3 function emerges as a promising strategy to minimize undesired microglia polarization states.
In this work, the effect of hydrogen flow and thermal annealing on the compositional and optical properties of non-stoichiometric silicon oxide (SiO
x
) films with embedded silicon nanocrystals is ...reported. The SiO
x
films are obtained by hot filament chemical vapor deposition technique at three different hydrogen flow levels, namely, 50 sccm, 100 sccm, and 150 sccm. The SiO
x
films are characterized by different techniques. It is found by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) that with increasing hydrogen flow, the SiO
x
films contain higher silicon (Si) concentration. When the hydrogen flow decreases, the absorption edge of the as-grown SiO
x
films, as obtained from the transmittance spectra, shifts from 300 nm to 500 nm, and this opens the possibility of band gap tuning. Increasing the hydrogen flow level in turn means that the SiO
x
films contain higher Si concentration, as confirmed by the XPS profile composition measured in the SiO
x
films. After thermal annealing, the SiO
x
films transmittance spectra showed a further shift of the absorption edge toward larger wavelengths. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy reveals film composition changes induced by the hydrogen flow variations. In addition, the FTIR spectra reveal the bands attributed to the hydrogen presence in the as-grown SiO
x
films. The bands become more intense with increasing hydrogen flow, but they rapidly disappear after the thermal annealing. The as-grown SiO
x
films exhibit wide band photoluminescence (PL) spectra with the main components at 688 nm, 750 nm, and 825 nm. The SiO
x
film deposited at 100 sccm hydrogen flow level shows the strongest PL intensity. According to PL results, the thermal annealing of the SiO
x
films generates the PL quenching in all samples due to hydrogen evaporation. The defects such as OH and Si–H groups in the as-grown SiOx films not only modify the optical band gap structure, but they also play the role of passivating non-radiative defects, which enhances the PL emission.
To comparatively assess the efficacy of four different therapeutic strategies to prevent the development of facial pressure ulcers (FPUs) related to the use of non-invasive mechanical ventilation ...(NIV) with oro-nasal masks in critically ill hospitalised patients.
This randomised control trial was performed at the high dependency unit in the University General Hospital Gregorio Marañón in Madrid, Spain. Overall, 152 patients with acute respiratory failure were recruited. All patients were hospitalised and received NIV through oro-nasal masks. The Norton tool was used to evaluate the general risk of developing pressure ulcers (PUs). Subjects were divided into four groups, each of them receiving a different treatment. Tissue assessment and preventive care were performed by a member of the research team.
The incidence of FPUs was significantly lower in the group receiving a solution of hyperoxygenated fatty acids (HOFA) when compared with each of the other therapeutic strategies: direct mask (p=0.055), adhesive thin dressing (p=0.03) and adhesive foam dressing (p<0.001).
The application of HOFA on the facial skin in contact with the oro-nasal masks showed the highest efficacy in the prevention of NIV-related FPUs.
Organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) such as parathion have extensive uses in agriculture and household applications. Chronic exposure to these pesticides can cause severe health and environmental ...issues. Therefore, a current ecological concern is associated with accumulating these noxious OPPs in food and water sources. In this work, a new Tb
-doped Zn-LMOF (Zn-LMOF= (3D) {Zn
(1,4 benzenedicarboxylate)
(EtOH)
·(EtOH)0.6}
) was synthesized by a solvent-free reaction between the Zn-LMOF and the salt TbCl
6H
O using a high-speed ball milling. The Tb@Zn-LMOF was thoroughly characterized by multiple spectroscopic tools, including Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy, and studied in-depth as a luminescent sensor for a series of pesticides (parathion, malathion, methalaxil, carbofuran, iprodione, captan and glyphosate) in aqueous methanol. The Tb@Zn-LMOF is a long-lived green-emitting compound with luminescence originated by an efficient antenna effect from the excited energy levels of Zn-LMOF toward the 5D state of Tb
ions, as it is displayed by its strong emission bands at 488, 545, 585, and 620 nm and a lifetime of 1.01 ms upon excitation at 290 nm. Additions of pesticides to a neutral methanolic dispersion of Tb@Zn-LMOF modified its green emission intensity with a pronounced selectivity toward parathion within the micromolar concentration range. The detection limit for parathion was calculated to be 3.04 ± 0.2 μM for Tb@Zn-LMOF. Based on
P NMR and mass spectrometry studies, it is attributed to the release of lanthanide ions from Tb@Zn-LMOF with the simultaneous formation of a Tb
-parathion complex.
•Interesting optical and electrical properties as: photoluminescence, current andcapacitance were obtained.•MOS-like structures with single and twofold SiOx film as the active layer showanomalous I–V ...and C–V behaviour.•Twofold SRO layer were fabricated in order to observe the electric effects of the first and twofold SiOx layer.•A possible application of these effects can be used to increase the response ofmemories, light emission, photodetectors and solar cell.
Single and twofold non-stoichiometric silicon oxide (SiOx) films are considered as an active layer in metal oxide semiconductor (MOS)-like structures. Such films were obtained by hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) technique in the range of temperatures from 900°C to 1150°C. They were subjected to a thermal annealing at 1100°C. In order to know their optical and electrical properties, their transmittance spectra, absorption coefficients, absorbance (FTIR) spectra, photoluminescence (PL) spectra, current–voltage (I–V) curves and capacitance–voltage (C–V) ones were obtained. The optical energy gap of twofold SiOx films as a function of the growth temperature (Tg), suffers non-linear variations in the range from 2.25 to 1.8eV when we make combinations of different Tǵs in both films; besides, such films exhibit compositional changes when Tg is varied and a restructuration (phase separation) takes place because of thermal annealing. Light emission in single and twofold SiOx films is ascribed to both silicon nanocrystals (Si-ncs) and some kinds of defects, which are produced during the growth process and thermal annealing. In the case of twofold films it is observed that the effect of thermal annealing induces emission in the orange-near infrared range and in the violet-blue bands but without the presence of the green–yellow band. MOS-like structures using single and twofold films, show different electrical phenomena such as the influence of trapping and de-trapping charge. The influence of Si-ncs and defects gives place to spike and stair-like behaviour in I–V curves. Measurements of the electrical I–V and C–V curves are obtained under dark conditions.
To evaluate the characteristics of and risk factors for spontaneous late in-the-bag intraocular lens (IOL) dislocation and to analyze the outcomes of surgical correction.
Department of Ophthalmology, ...Complejo Hospitalario Orense, Orense, Spain.
In this retrospective single-surgeon interventional case series, the surgical database of a referral center was searched for cases of late spontaneous in-the-bag IOL dislocation between 2005 and 2009. The main outcome measures were interval between surgery and dislocation, dislocation site and grade, IOL type, associated capsular tension ring (CTR), predisposing factors, surgical technique to correct dislocation, preoperative and postoperative corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), and surgical complications.
Pseudoexfoliation was the main risk factor for in-the-bag IOL dislocation (66.66% of 45 cases identified). A CTR was present in the capsular bag in 8 cases. Dislocation was corrected by repositioning using scleral fixation (20 cases) or iris suturing (1 case), IOL exchange for an anterior chamber IOL (AC IOL) (19 cases) or iris-claw IOL (4 cases), or (3) anterior capsulotomy (1 case). The mean CDVA improved significantly postoperatively (P = .0001); it was 20/40 or better in 28 eyes (62.22%) and 20/25 or better in 10 eyes (22.22%). There was no significant difference in postoperative CDVA between scleral-fixated IOLs and AC IOLs (P = .316).
Pseudoexfoliation was the main risk factor for in-the-bag IOL dislocation. The presence of a CTR in the bag did not prevent dislocation. Satisfactory results were achieved with a low rate of complications using different surgical techniques to correct IOL position.
No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
Virgin olive oil (VOO) compared with fish oil (FO) and evening primrose oil (PO) on the ability of stimulated leukocytes to produce inflammatory mediators was investigated in rats. Weaned Wistar rats ...were fed a basal diet (BD) (2% by weight of corn oil) or diets containing 15% by weight of VOO, PO, or FO. After 8 weeks, glycogen-elicited peritoneal polymorphonuclear leukocytes, mainly neutrophils, were isolated. The calcium-ionophore stimulated neutrophils (2.5 × 10
6 cells/mL) obtained from rats fed the different oils produced a higher release of lysosomal enzymes (β-glucuronidase, lysozyme, and myeloperoxidase MPO) compared with those fed BD. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to the stimulant, 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), by neutrophils from the VOO group (15.44 nmol of O
2
− and 6.56 nmol of H
2O
2) was similar to the BD group (12.01 nmol O
2
− and 8.49 nmol H
2O
2) and significantly lower than the PO (20.90 nmol O
2
− and 10.84 nmol H
2O
2) and FO (20.93 nmol O
2
− and 12.79 nmol H
2O
2) groups. The cyclooxygenase-derived eicosanoid production was reduced by the lipid enrichment of the diets. Whereas the generation of prostaglandin E
2 (PGE
2) was significantly decreased in VOO (5.40 ng/mL), PO (4.95 ng/mL), and FO (1.44 ng/mL) groups compared with BD (8.19 ng/mL), thromboxane B
2 (TXB
2) reduction was especially significant in neutrophils from the FO diet group (14.67 ng/mL compared with 26.69 ng/mL from BD). These experimental data suggest that FO and PO, as well as VOO, could be considered a valuable strategy in preventing the generation of some inflammatory mediators.
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