To determine if acute opioid tolerance (AOT) or opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH) could develop and limit the remifentanil-induced reduction in the sevoflurane minimum alveolar concentration (MAC). ...The response to mechanical nociceptive threshold (MNT) was evaluated and related to OIH.
A crossover, randomized, experimental animal study.
A total of nine Beagle dogs.
The dogs were anaesthetized with sevoflurane in 50% oxygen. Baseline sevoflurane MAC was measured (MACb1). Remifentanil (0.3 μg kg
minute
) or 0.9% saline constant rate infusion (CRI) was administered intravenously (IV). Sevoflurane MAC was determined 20 minutes after CRI was initiated (MACpostdrug1), 30 minutes after MACpostdrug1 determination (MACpostdrug2) and after 1 week (MACb2). The MNT was determined at baseline (before anaesthesia), 3 and 7 days after anaesthesia. An increase of MACpostdrug2 ≥0.25% compared to MACpostdrug1 was considered evidence of AOT. A decrease in MNT at 3 and 7 days or an increase in MACb2 or both with respect to MACb1 were considered evidence of OIH.
Remifentanil CRI reduced sevoflurane MACpostdrug1 by 43.7% with respect to MACb1. MACpostdrug2 was no different from MACpostdrug1 with the saline (p = 0.62) or remifentanil (p = 0.78) treatments. No significant differences were observed in the saline (p = 0.99) or remifentanil (p = 0.99) treatments between MACb1 and MACb2, or for MNT values between baseline, 3 and 7 days.
In dogs, under the study conditions, remifentanil efficacy in reducing sevoflurane MAC did not diminish in the short term, suggesting remifentanil did not induce AOT. Hyperalgesia was not detected 3 or 7 days after the administration of remifentanil. Contrary to data from humans and rodents, development of AOT or OIH in dogs is not supported by the findings of this study.
Objective: To characterize the agronomic performance and chemical composition of cultivated species in a Voisin rational grazing system, in the humid tropic of Los Santos, Panama. Materials and ...Methods: The yield and nutritional value of a group of cultivated species were evaluated, with 24 paddocks and 1,9 days of average occupation. The system was grazed with 53 Zebu-based steers and their F1 and F2 crossings (Zebu x Holstein). The main indicators measured were: total forage production (kg DM/ha/rotation), forage supply per species and percentages of DM, CP, ADF, NDF, IVDMD30, ME, Ash, Ca and P. The data were processed using simple classification variance analysis. The statistical package IBM® SPSS® Statistics version 22 was used. Results: Forage production varied between 3 344 and 4 442 kg DM/ha/rotation. The highest pasture yield was obtained in the rainy season. The best yields (p < 0,001) were obtained in the genus Megathyrsus (cvs. Tanzania and Massai), with offers of 34,9 and 31,9 t DM/ha/year, higher than those of the different Urochloa cvs. Regarding the availability of DM/ha/rotation, the lowest values were achieved in the cultivars Toledo and Humidicola. The quality was higher in the rainy season. The high average DM in the dry season (40,80 %) conditioned low CP values (6,85 %), low energy content (1,57 Mcal/kg), low digestibility (55,7 %) and high contents of NDF (74,2%). Conclusions: The average yield and pasture supply of the species were acceptable for the prevailing edaphoclimatic conditions in the ecosystem, since no irrigation or external fertilization was used; although they decreased in the dry season, as well as the nutritional quality. The genus Megathyrsus stood out for its better production indicators; while Arachis pintoi Krapov. & W.C. Greg stood out for its high nutritional value.
Objective: To characterize the growth dynamics of fattening males under rational Voisin grazing conditions on soils with undulated to rough topography, in the humid tropics of Los Santos, Panama. ...Materials and Methods: The trial was conducted in a production area of 8,40 ha, divided into 24 paddocks of 0,35 ha as average. The pastures were managed according to the principles and concepts of rational Voisin grazing. Fifty-three steers were used, with Zebu basis and its F1 and F2 crossings (Zebu x Holstein), divided into two fattening groups. The first fattening period (27 animals) lasted 150 days, and the second (26 animals), 79 days. The initial weights were 369 and 401 kg, for the first and second group, respectively. The animals were weighed every 30 days to determine live weight gain per period and individual daily gain. The data were processed by variance analysis and Duncan’s test was used for p < 0,05. Results: The grazing pressure was high (4,63 kg DM/100 kg LW/day), with an average pasture availability of 23,2 kg DM/a/day. The animals of the first fattening cycle averaged 0,653 kg/day, with a beef production per hectare of 336,63 kg. In the second cycle, they gained 0,670 kg per day; while beef production was 145,55 kg/ha. The two continuous fattening periods allowed the farmer to sell more than 24 t of live beef in one year. Conclusions: It is concluded that the fattening of Zebu bulls and its F1 and F2 crossings in a Voisin rational grazing system is feasible, because average gains close to 0,700 kg/animal/day are obtained, without weight loss at times of higher food shortage.
Reaction to synthetic membranes in hemodialysis González Sanchidrián, Silvia; Labrador Gómez, Pedro Jesús; Marín Álvarez, Jesús Pedro ...
Nefrologia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola Nefrologia,
2016 Nov - Dec, 20161101, Letnik:
36, Številka:
6
Journal Article
The effect of chronic administration of estrogens on bone and mineral metabolism in men is not known. We have studied the effect of chronic administration of estrogens on bone mineral metabolism in a ...group of transsexual (TS) Canarian men, who were taking estrogens for a minimum of 3 years. This is a cross-sectional study of cases and controls and we studied biochemical markers of bone remodeling, bone mineral density (BMD), and selected biochemical and hormonal features. TS subjects had shorter stature than controls, and after adjusting for height and weight, we found that they had lower values for serum-free testosterone and higher values for BMD, both in the lumbar spine and in femoral neck. Biochemistry, bone remodeling markers, and calcitropic hormone values were similar in both groups. Finally, the distributions of vitamin D receptor (BsmI) and estrogen receptor (ER-Pvu and ER-Xba) polymorphisms were also similar in both groups. We conclude that the chronic administration of estrogens in men may produce an increase in serum estradiol, a decrease in free testosterone levels, and an increase in BMD-both in lumbar spine and in femoral neck. We found no association between the transsexual phenotype and the distribution of vitamin D receptor (BsmI) and estrogen receptor (ER-Pvu and ER-Xba).
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