Our natural resources have played an important role in building our economy. In addition to the number one energy resource, oil, electric energy is also the best quality and much in demand by society ...in the history of human civilization. It is because electrical energy can be fully developed and applied by society that the construction of human spiritual civilization has entered industrialization and high-tech information technology. The transmission and application of electric energy has been recognized by society, but how can we make it more reasonable and efficient for easy utilization. In order to solve the problem of how complex power electronic circuit devices can be more widely used with improved technology. This paper establishes the error estimation model of intelligent circuit from data collection and data prediction preprocessing, then proposes to optimize the number of nodes in the hidden layer by using particle swarm optimization algorithm to address the limitations of the traditional BP neural network, and uses the optimized number of nodes in the hidden layer to build a BP neural network structure to train the training sample data, and calculates the error data of the intelligent circuit based on the trained BP neural network to test the sample data. The method established in this paper is used to perform the evaluation of intelligent circuit operation errors. The simulation example shows that the established model can effectively evaluate the smart circuit operation error, and the evaluation accuracy is significantly improved compared with the traditional evaluation method.
In daily production life, heat generation and dissipation of electronic devices are important issues concerning the safety of the devices. To enhance the prediction and analysis of heat production of ...electronic devices, this paper analyzes and studies the heat production and dissipation of electronic systems of different electronic devices by collecting their historical operating power, hot spot temperature, ambient temperature, and other data, and iteratively optimizes these data using genetic algorithms to seek the best temperature fitting curve according to the research progress of existing artificial intelligence algorithms. The experimental results show that the population genes are sufficiently optimized as the number of iterations increases. The prediction model established by the genetic algorithm has a global optimization-seeking ability, high prediction accuracy, relatively small absolute and relative errors, and a fast convergence rate. This model has practical feasibility and can play a good role in the operation and maintenance of electronic devices.
Abstract The rapid growth in the number of electric vehicles (EVs), driven by the ‘double‐carbon’ target, and the impact of uncontrolled charging and discharging behaviour and discharged battery ...losses severely limit electric vehicles’ low carbon characteristics. Existing research on systemic low‐carbon emissions and electric vehicle charging and discharging issues is usually determined by considering only carbon trading markets or charging and discharging management on the source side. In this regard, a coordinated and optimized operation model that considers the participation of electric vehicle clusters in deep peaking and the source network load and storage adjustable resources is proposed. The upper layer establishes a real‐time price‐based demand response mechanism for the load side with the minimum net load fluctuation as the objective function; the middle layer establishes a comprehensive operation mechanism for the source and storage side that includes an orderly charging and discharging peaking compensation mechanism for electric vehicles, and a deep peaking mechanism that takes into account clean emission, and constructs an optimal operation model with the minimum comprehensive operating cost as the objective function; the lower layer establishes a distribution network loss minimization model for the network side that takes into account the orderly charging and discharging of electric vehicle as the objective function. The optimal load model with the objective function of minimizing the distribution network loss is established at the lower level. Finally, the original problem is transformed into a mixed integer linear programming problem, and the model's effectiveness is verified by setting different scenarios. The model reduces the total cost by 22.22%, improves the wind power consumption rate by 19.55%, reduces the actual carbon emission by 16.66%, and reduces the distribution network loss by 13.91% compared to the basic model.
Sepsis associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a common but poorly understood complication during sepsis. Currently, there are no preventive or therapeutic agents available for this neurological disorder. ...The present study was designed to determine the potential protective effects of β-patchoulene (β-PAE) in a mouse model of SAE and explore the putative mechanisms underpinning the beneficial effects.
SAE was induced in C57BL/6 mice by cecal ligation and puncture(CLP). Mice were administrated with β-PAE or saline by intra-cerebral ventricle(i.c.v) injection immediately after CLP surgery. The inhibitory avoidance tests and open field tests were performed at 24h, 48h and 7days after procedures. Cytokines expression, oxidative parameters, microglia polarization and apoptosis in the brain tissue were assessed. Sirt1, Nrf2, HO-1and cleaved-caspase3 expression in hippocampus was determined by western-blotting. Further, serum cytokines expression and spleen lymphocytes apoptosis were evaluated, and survival study was performed.
Septic mice suffered severe cognitive decline following CLP as evidenced by decreased memory latency time and lower frequency of line crossing in the behavioral tests. A high dose of β-PAE(1mg/kg) improved the cognitive impairment in SAE mice, which was accompanied by reduced cytokines expression and oxidative stress. Immunofluorescence assay showed that β-PAE inhibited the expression of Iba-1 and iNOS in microglia. The mechanistic study indicated that β-PAE could promote the nuclear expression of Sirt1/Nrf2 and enhance cytoplasmic HO-1 expression. Furthermore, i.c.v administration of β-PAE decreased the expression of serum cytokines and apoptosis in the spleen, thus leading to an improved 7-day survival of septic mice. Finally, blockade of Nrf2 activation with ML385 largely mitigated the protective effects of β-PAE on the cognitive function, neuroinflammation and survival in SAE mice.
In this study, we found that β-PAE significantly altered sepsis induced neuroinflammation and microglia activation, thus reversed the cognitive decline and improved the peripheral immune function. The neuroprotective effects were possibly mediated by the activation of Sirt1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. β-PAE might serve as a promising therapeutic agent for SAE prevention and treatment.
Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation (MSCT) promotes cutaneous wound healing. Numerous studies have shown that the therapeutic effects of MSCT appear to be mediated by paracrine signaling. However, ...the cell-cell interaction during MSCT between MSCs and macrophages in the region of cutaneous wound healing is still unknown. In this study, early depletion of macrophages delayed the wound repair with MSC injection, which suggested that MSC-mediated wound healing required macrophages. Moreover, we demonstrated that systemically infused bone marrow MSCs (BMMSCs) and jaw bone marrow MSCs (JMMSCs) could translocate to the wound site, promote macrophages toward M2 polarization, and enhance wound healing. In vitro coculture of MSCs with macrophages enhanced their M2 polarization. Mechanistically, we found that exosomes derived from MSCs induced macrophage polarization and depletion of exosomes of MSCs reduced the M2 phenotype of macrophages. Infusing MSCs without exosomes led to lower number of M2 macrophages at the wound site along with delayed wound repair. We further showed that the miR-223, derived from exosomes of MSCs, regulated macrophage polarization by targeting pknox1. These findings provided the evidence that MSCT elicits M2 polarization of macrophages and may accelerate wound healing by transferring exosome-derived microRNA.
The variation of the biological source and diagenetic environment results in significant differences in pore structure and mechanical properties of coral reef limestone (CRL) with various structures. ...This study analyzed uniaxial compression behavior and pore structural characteristics of four types of CRL using the uniaxial compression test and computerized tomography (CT) scanning test. The influence mechanism of CRL's physical properties on its uniaxial compression characteristics was revealed from a microscopic perspective. The results suggested that the uniaxial compressive curves of different structural types of CRLs exhibited “single-peak” or “multi-peak” characteristics, in which Coral Framework Limestone (CFL) and Coral Boulder Limestone (CBL) mainly experienced brittle failure while Coral Gravel Limestone (CGL) and Coral Calcarenite Limestone (CCL) underwent ductile failure with the increase of porosity. Through a CT scanning test, the influence of pore structure on the damage mechanism of CRL was explored. According to the digital image analysis technique, the influence of CRL diagenesis on the pore fractal dimension was investigated from the perspective of geological genesis, and an empirical formula for estimating uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of CRL was established based on the fractal dimension. Furthermore, a quality evaluation method for CRL suitable for practical engineering was proposed. The research results can provide a reference for the estimation of UCS and quality classification evaluation of CRL in the construction of island reefs.
•Sample with a “single-peak” curve underwent brittle failure, while those with a “multi-peak” curve underwent ductile failure.•The pore complexity and anisotropy positively correlated with the fractal dimension, which was affected by diagenesis.•The empirical formula based on fractal dimension could effectively estimate the uniaxial compression strength of sample.•The proposed classification method provided a reference for the quality grade evaluation of coral reef limestone mass.
Oil spills have an important threat to the ecological security and human health, for example the important oil field and coastal wetland Yellow River Delta is facing the dual problems of oil ...pollution and salinization. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the changes of soil microbial community and physicochemical properties, including pH value, total organic carbon (TOC), total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) and electrical conductivity under the combined effect of petroleum and salinization. The soil properties results showed that the petroleum addition promoted the increase of TOC from 2.31 ± 0.59 mg/kg to 7.04 ± 0.42 mg/kg (r > 0.95, P < 0.1, R2 > 0.9), TPHs from 9.18 ± 0.07 mg/kg to 33.09 ± 4.61 mg/kg (r > 0.9, P < 0.05, R2 > 0.9) significantly. At the initial stage hydrocarbons caused the increase of soil salt content and the decrease of pH. Salt addition increased soil salt from 2.46 ± 0.13 g/kg to 15.12 ± 0.21 g/kg (r > 0.8, P > 0.1, R2 > 0.95), but it had no direct effect on other soil properties. It was found that the nitrate reducing bacteria Halorhodospiraceae with potential petroleum degradation ability and the anaerobic bacteria Lactobacilliceae appeared after adding crude oil. The salt tolerant bacteria Halobacilli and the stone oil degrading bacteria Immundisolidcharacter appeared in the high salt and low salt environments respectively. The aerobic bacteria Acidimicrobiaceae, Hyphomonas and the nonoil efficient Peptoccaceae disappeared in the process of salinization and oil pollution. Lactobacilliceae can ferment carbohydrate, fatty acid or ester to produce lactic acid, acetic acid and fumaric acid to provide metabolic substrate for other microorganisms. The above results showed that sensitive microorganisms were easy to be affected by pollution to indicate soil conditions, while tolerant microorganisms could potentially use oil to achieve bioremediation. The soil properties and microbial results provided data support and theoretical basis for further understanding the pollution mechanism of oil and salinization combined stress on soil.
•Petroleum had direct and continuous impacts on soil TOC (r > 0.95) and TPHs (r > 0.9), but not salinity and pH.•The soil in Yellow River Delta (YRD) alleviated the effect of salt addition, which only affected salinity (r > 0.8) slightly.•The anaerobic petroleum degradation microorganisms like Lactobacillaceae, Halorhodospiraceae flourished with other sensitive microbes decreasing or fading.
Single event upset effect is an important factor that causes performance degradation and functional failure of aerospace equipment components in space radiation environment. When high-energy ...particles incident on semiconductor devices in working state, they will induce functional errors of devices and even cause permanent damage. Based on the finite element method, the three-dimensional simulation of Metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) is carried out. The single event upset effect of MOSFET under heavy ion irradiation and the influence of heavy ion irradiation on transient drain current are investigated. The results show that the transient drain current of MOSFET devices will increase rapidly when heavy ions are incident, and then the logic state of the devices will change. With the increase in linear energy transfer density, the peak value of the transient drain current pulse increases and the pulse width decreases. With the increase in the incident angle, the peak value of the pulse first increases and then decreases. The maximum value is obtained when the incident angle is vertical, the pulse width first decreases and then increases, and the minimum value is obtained when the incident angle is vertical. With the increase in MOSFET size, the difference of transient drain current formed by symmetrical heavy ion incidence is becoming smaller and smaller. When the incident track is completely in the drain region, the simulation results are the same.
To study the change characteristics of nitrogen and sulfur functional types in the raw coal and coal residues after anaerobic fermentation, three different rank coals from Baiyinhua mine (BY coal), ...Qianqiu mine (QQ coal), and Malan mine (ML coal) in China were collected and treated with methanogenic microorganisms, then X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to test the nitrogen and sulfur functional types in raw coals and coal residues. The results show that the pyrrolic nitrogen (N-5) and aromatic sulfur are the main nitrogen type and sulfur type in three coals. The N-5 increases by 17.42% in BY coal residue and decreases by 2.37% and 8.51% in QQ and ML coal residues, respectively. The pyridinic nitrogen (N-6) in BY, QQ, and ML coal residues decreases by 2.18%, 5.44%, and 2.75%, respectively. The aromatic sulfur increases by 2.13%, 3.14%, and 4.02% in BY, QQ, and ML coal residues, respectively. The aliphatic sulfur has obvious changes in BY and QQ coal residues with the increment of 9.17% and decrement of 11.64%, respectively. The results reveal that the nitrogen and sulfur types have changed in the coal residues after the biomethane production, and the instable types such as N-5 and aliphatic sulfur have obvious changes in the low-rank BY and QQ coals. The research provides a sight to the changes about nitrogen and sulfur types after biomethane yield and more deep thoughts about the clean and effective utilization of coals.
In heart failure (HF), energy metabolism pathway in cardiac muscle changes from fatty acid β-oxidation to glycolysis. However, the exact mechanism is unknown. Sarcoendoplasmic reticulum Ca
α ATPase ...(SERCA) expression is downregulated and mitochondrial function is reduced in HF, perhaps partly due to a substantially reduced energy supply for excitation-contraction coupling resulting from a lower fatty acid β-oxidation rate. We investigated whether Astragaloside IV can activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) to stimulate fatty acid β-oxidation and increase cardiac energy production, improving mitochondrial function and the efficiency of SERCA in HF. In pressure overload-induced HF mice and isolated hypertrophic myocardial cells, fatty acid β-oxidation and heart function were substantially strengthened following Astragaloside IV treatment, as demonstrated by the increased expression of PPARα and SERCA2a. In vitro, Astragaloside IV regulated energy metabolism by increasing ATP production and enhancing mitochondrial function, attributable to increased oxygen consumption and slightly increased mitochondrial Ca
uptake. In HF, Astragaloside IV switched glycolysis to fatty acid β-oxidation, as confirmed by reduced anaerobic glycolysis and an increased oxygen consumption ratio. These results suggest that Astragaloside IV can stimulate fatty acid β-oxidation and improve mitochondrial function, which may present a novel cardioprotective treatment that inhibits the progress of HF.
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