This paper proposes a noninvasive dual optical photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor to classify the degree of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) stenosis in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Dual PPG measurement ...node (DPMN) becomes the primary tool in this work for detecting abnormal narrowing vessel simultaneously in multi-beds monitoring patients. The mean and variance of Rising Slope (RS) and Falling Slope (FS) values between before and after HD treatment was used as the major features to classify AVF stenosis. Multilayer perceptron neural networks (MLPN) training algorithms are implemented for this analysis, which are the Levenberg-Marquardt, Scaled Conjugate Gradient, and Resilient Back-propagation, to identify the degree of HD patient stenosis. Eleven patients were recruited with mean age of 77 ± 10.8 years for analysis. The experimental results indicated that the variance of RS in the HD hand between before and after treatment was significant difference statistically to stenosis (
< 0.05). Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm (LMA) was significantly outperforms the other training algorithm. The classification accuracy and precision reached 94.82% and 92.22% respectively, thus this technique has a potential contribution to the early identification of stenosis for a medical diagnostic support system.
The role of ventilation in preventing tuberculosis (TB) transmission has been widely proposed in infection control guidance. However, conclusive evidence is lacking. Modeling suggested the threshold ...of ventilation rate to reduce effective reproductive ratio (ratio between new secondary infectious cases and source cases) of TB to below 1 is corresponding to a carbon dioxide (CO2) level of 1000 parts per million (ppm). Here, we measured the effect of improving ventilation rate on a TB outbreak involving 27 TB cases and 1665 contacts in underventilated university buildings. Ventilation engineering decreased the maximum CO2 levels from 3204 ± 50 ppm to 591‐603 ppm. Thereafter, the secondary attack rate of new contacts in university dropped to zero (mean follow‐up duration: 5.9 years). Exposure to source TB cases under CO2 >1000 ppm indoor environment was a significant risk factor for contacts to become new infectious TB cases (P < .001). After adjusting for effects of contact investigation and latent TB infection treatment, improving ventilation rate to levels with CO2 <1000 ppm was independently associated with a 97% decrease (95% CI: 50%‐99.9%) in the incidence of TB among contacts. These results show that maintaining adequate indoor ventilation could be a highly effective strategy for controlling TB outbreaks.
Amorphous materials are usually evaluated as photocatalytically inactive due to the amorphous nature-induced self-trapping of tail states, in spite of their achievements in electrochemistry. NiO ...crystals fail to act as an individual reactor for photocatalytic H2 evolution because of the intrinsic hole doping, regardless of their impressive cocatalytic ability for proton/electron transfer. Here we demonstrate that two-dimensional amorphous NiO nanostructure can act as an efficient and robust photocatalyst for solar H2 evolution without any cocatalysts. Further, the antenna effect of surface plasmon resonance can be introduced to construct an incorporate antenna-reactor structure by increasing the electron doping. The solar H2 evolution rate is improved by a factor of 19.4 through the surface plasmon resonance-mediated charge releasing. These findings thus open a door to applications of two-dimensional amorphous NiO as an advanced photocatalyst.
Chitosan (CS) with good hydrophilicity and charged property was used to modify graphene oxide (GO), the obtained GO‐CS was used as a novel modifier to fabricate thin film composite forward osmosis ...(FO) membranes. The results revealed that the amino groups on CS reacted with carboxyl groups on GO, and the lamellar structure of the GO nanosheets was peeled off by CS, resulting in the reducing of their thicknesses. The GO‐CS improved the hydrophilicity of polyethersulfone (PES) substrate, and their contact angles decreased to 64° with the addition of GO‐CS in the substrate. GO‐CS also increased the porosity of the substrate and surface roughness of FO membrane, thereby optimizing the water flux and reverse salt flux of FO membrane. The average water flux of the FO membrane reached the optimal flux of 21.34 L/(m2 h) when GO‐CS addition was 0.5 wt%, and further addition of GO‐CS to the substrate would decrease the water flux of FO membrane, and the reverse salt flux also decreased to the lowest value of 2.26 g/(m2 h). However, the salt rejection of the membrane increased from 91.4% to 95.1% when GO‐CS addition increased from 0.5 to 1.0 wt% under FO mode using 1 mol/L sodium chloride (NaCl) solution as draw solution (DS). In addition, high osmotic pressure favored water permeation, and at the same concentration of DS, magnesium chloride (MgCl2) exhibited better properties than NaCl. These results all suggested that GO‐CS was a good modifier to fabricate FO membrane, and MgCl2 was a good DS candidate.
A versatile method to fabricate polymeric matrixes for microarray applications is demonstrated. Several different design strategies are presented where a variety of organic films, such as plastic ...polymers and self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on planar silica and gold substrates, act as supports for the graft polymerization procedure. An ensemble of poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate monomers are combined to obtain a matrix with desired properties: low nonspecific binding and easily accessible groups for postimmobilization of ligands. The free radical graft polymerization process occurs under irradiation with UV light in the 254−266 nm range, which offers the possibility to introduce patterns by means of a photomask. The arrays are created on inert and homogeneous coatings prepared either by graft polymerization of a methoxy-terminated PEG−methacrylate or self-assembly of a methoxy-terminated oligo(ethylene glycol) thiol. Carboxylic acid groups, introduced in the array spots either during graft polymerization or upon wet chemical conversion of hydroxyls, grant the capability to immobilize proteins and other molecules via free amine groups. Immobilization of fluorescent species as well as biotin followed by exposure to a fluorescently labeled antibody directed toward biotin display both excellent integrity of the spots and low nonspecific binding to the surrounding framework. Beside patterns of uniform height and size, an array of spots with varying thickness (a sort of gradient) is demonstrated. Such gradient samples enable us to address critical issues regarding the mechanism(s) behind spatially resolved free radical polymerization of methacrylates. It also offers a convenient route to optimize the matrix properties with respect to thickness, loading capacity, protein diffusion/penetration, and nonspecific binding.
This brief presents a Ka-band rectifier that utilizes power distributing technology to enhance its power handling capability. The matching network and power distributing network are integrated to ...simultaneously match the diode impedance and distribute power to eight Schottky diodes. A novel bandstop filter for millimeter-wave bands is proposed, which is composed of high <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">{Q} </tex-math></inline-formula> cylindrical cavities and a coaxial line. This filter not only effectively suppress harmonics but also exhibits low loss characteristics. The fabricated rectifier, operating at 35 GHz, shows a measured <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\unicode{0x007C}S_{11} \unicode{0x007C} </tex-math></inline-formula> of −20.3 dB and a power conversion efficiency of 61.9% at the input power of 29 dBm. Efficiencies under different loads are compared, and it is found that <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">50 \Omega </tex-math></inline-formula> is the best load. To the best of our knowledge, this rectifier has the highest power capability among existing works. Due to its high-power capability and efficiency, this rectifier shows potential for use in wireless power transfer systems to provide power to electronic devices.
Change Detection in heterogeneous remote sensing images plays an increasingly essential role in many real-world applications, e.g., urban growth tracking, land use monitoring, disaster evaluation and ...damage assessment. The objective of change detection is to identify changes of geo-graphical entities or phenomena through two or more bitemporal images. Researchers have invested a lot in the homologous change detection and yielded fruitful results. However, change detection between heterogenous remote sensing images is still a great challenge, especially for change detection of heterogenous remote sensing images obtained from satellites and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV). The main challenges in satellite-UAV change detection tasks lie in the intensive difference of color for the same ground objects, various resolutions, the parallax effect and image distortion caused by different shooting angles and platform altitudes. To address these issues, we propose a novel method based on dual-channel fully convolution network. First, in order to alleviate the influence of differences between heterogeneous images, we employ two different channels to map heterogeneous remote sensing images from satellite and UAV, respectively, to a mutual high dimension latent space for the downstream change detection task. Second, we adopt Hough method to extract the edge of ground objects as auxiliary information to help the change detection model to pay more attention to shapes and contours, instead of colors. Then, IoU-WCE loss is designed to deal with the problem of imbalanced samples in change detection task. Finally, we conduct extensive experiments to verify the proposed method using a new Satellite-UAV heterogeneous image data set, named HTCD, which is annotated by us and has been open to public. The experimental results show that our method significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art change detection methods.
Novel polymeric surfactant (MBSP) is obtained with phosphate esters monomer (PEGMAP) as the functional monomer in the presence of other acrylic monomers. The synthesized MBSP is further used as ...emulsifier for preparing the corrosion‐resistance polyacrylate coatings (PAMBSP). Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance results show that phosphate esters functional monomer was introduced into the MBSP molecular chains. The surface tension measurements illustrated that with the PEGMAP content 1%, the lowest surface tension 44.45 mN/m and the equilibrium concentration critical micellar concentration (CMC) 1.02 g/L of MBSP are obtained. The stability analysis of the PAMBSP emulsions demonstrates that the Turbiscan Stability Index (TSI) value decreased from 0.64 to 0.32 with the PEGMAP content increased from 1% to 3%. The electrochemical analysis displays that with PEGMAP content 3%, the biggest corrosion potential −0.02 V, smallest etching current density 2.19 × 10−9 A•cm2 and biggest impedance modulus 1.46 × 107 Ω·cm2 was obtained.
Waterborne polyacrylate coatings based on novel phosphate esters polymeric surfactant is successfully obtained with good corrosion‐resistance property.
Background
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is closely associated with gastric diseases and has a high prevalence in China. Public platforms are considered common and important tools to publicize H. ...pylori‐related information. This study aimed to assess and compare the content and quality of H. pylori‐related videos on TikTok and Bilibili.
Materials and Methods
A search was performed on the TikTok and Bilibili platforms using the keyword “H. pylori”. The source of upload was categorized as for‐profit organizations, general users, health professionals, news agencies, nonprofit organizations, and science communicators. The Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA), Global Quality Scale (GQS), and modified DISCERN scores were used to evaluate the quality of the included videos.
Results
A total of 93 TikTok videos and 79 Bilibili videos were included and analyzed. TikTok videos had a significantly shorter duration than Bilibili videos (64 vs. 149 s, respectively; p < 0.001). The duration of the video showed a positive correlation with the modified DISCERN and GQS scores (p < 0.001, r = 0.388 and r = 0.437, respectively). The JAMA and modified DISCERN scores of the TikTok video were significantly higher in health professionals and nonprofit organizations than in other sources (p < 0.05). For Bilibili, science communicators had a significantly higher JAMA score than the other video sources (p < 0.001). The videos uploaded by news agencies received more views, comments, shares, and favorites than any other organization or individual (p < 0.001).
Conclusions
In China, H. pylori‐related videos from TikTok and Bilibili tended to provide the information regarding the transmission and eradication of H. pylori. However, many videos scored an average rating in content and quality and need to be improved. We recommend that the public obtain H. pylori‐related information through videos uploaded by health professionals, nonprofit organizations, and science communicators.
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