In many regions of the world, early diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a major challenge due to the large population and lack of medical resources, which is difficult toeffectively ...address via limited physician manpower alone. Therefore, we developed a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based assisted diagnosis and decision-making intelligent medical system with sensors. This system analyzes NSCLC patients’ medical records using sensors to assist staging a diagnosis and provides recommended treatment plans to physicians. To address the problem of unbalanced case samples across pathological stages, we used transfer learning and dynamic sampling techniques to reconstruct and iteratively train the model to improve the accuracy of the prediction system. In this paper, all data for training and testing the system were obtained from the medical records of 2,789,675 patients with NSCLC, which were recorded in three hospitals in China over a five-year period. When the number of case samples reached 8000, the system achieved an accuracy rate of 0.84, which is already close to that of the doctors (accuracy: 0.86). The experimental results proved that the system can quickly and accurately analyze patient data and provide decision information support for physicians.
Iron (Fe) oxides can stabilize organic carbon (OC) through adsorption and co-precipitation, while microbial Fe reduction can disrupt Fe-bound OC (Fe-OC) and further increase OC mineralization. The ...net effects of OC preservation and mineralization mediated by Fe oxides are still unclear, especially for old carbon (formed from plant litters over millions of years) and crystalline Fe oxides. Accelerating the recovery of wetland carbon sinks is critical for mitigating climate change and achieving carbon neutrality. Quantifying the net effect of Fe-mediated OC mineralization and preservation is vital for understanding the role of crystalline Fe oxides in carbon cycling and promoting the recovery of soil carbon sinks. Here, we explored the OC balances mediated by hematite (Hem) and lignite addition (Lig) to freshwater wetland (FW, rich in C and Fe) and saline-alkaline wetland (SW, poor in C and Fe) soil slurries, incubated under anaerobic conditions. Results showed that Lig caused net OC accumulation (FW: 5.9 ± 3.6 mg g
; SW: 8.3 ± 3.2 mg g
), while Hem caused dramatic OC loss, particularly in the FW soils. Hem inhibited microbial Fe(III) reduction by decreasing the relative abundance of Fe respiration reducers, while substantially enhancing OC mineralization through the shift in the microbial community structure of FW soils. Lig resulted in carbon emission, but its contribution to preservation by the formation of Fe-OC was far higher than that which caused OC loss. We concluded that crystalline Fe oxide addition solely favored the increase of OC mineralization by adjusting the microbial community structure, while old carbon enriched with an aromatic and alkyl promoted Fe-OC formation and further increased OC persistence. Our findings could be employed for wetland restoration, particularly for the recovery of soil carbon sinks.
Aim： Berberine （BBR）, an isoquinoline-derived alkaloid isolated from Rhizoma coptidis, exerts cardioprotective effects. Because endoplasmic reticulum （ER） stress plays a pivotal role in myocardial ...ischemia/reperfusion （MI/R）-induced apoptosis, it was interesting to examine whether the protective effects of BBR resulted from modulating ER stress levels during MI/R injury, and to define the signaling mechanisms in this process. Methods： Male rats were treated with BBR （200 mg.k-1.d-1, ig） for 2 weeks, and then subjected to MI/R surgery. Cardiac dimensions and function were assessed using echocardiography. Myocardial infarct size and apoptosis was examined. Total serum LDH levels and CK activities, superoxide production, MDA levels and the antioxidant SOD activities in heart tissue were determined. An in vitro study was performed on cultured rat embryonic myocardium-derived cells H9C2 exposed to simulated ischemia/reperfusion （SIR）. The expression of apoptotic, ER stress-related and signaling proteins were assessed using Western blot analyses.Results： Pretreatment with BBR significantly reduced MI/R-induced myocardial infarct size, improved cardiac function, and suppressed myocardial apoptosis and oxidative damage. Furthermore, pretreatment with BBR suppressed MI/R-induced ER stress, evidenced by down-regulating the phosphorylation levels of myocardial PERK and elF2a and the expression of ATF4 and CHOP in heart tissues. Pretreatment with BBR also activated the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in heart tissues, and co-treatment with AG490, a specific JAK2/STAT3 inhibitor, blocked not only the protective effects of BBR, but also the inhibition of BBR on MI/R-induced ER stress. In H9C2 cells, treatment with BBR （50 pmol/L） markedly reduced SIR-induced cell apoptosis, oxidative stress and ER stress, which were abolished by transfection with JAK2 siRNA. Conclusion： BBR ameliorates MI/R injury in rats by activating the AK2/STAT3 signaling pathway and attenuating ER stress-induced apoptosis.
It has become a trend in recent years to use deep neural networks for colorization. However, previous methods often encounter problems with edge color leakage and difficulties in obtaining a ...plausible color output from the Euclidean distance. To solve these problems, we propose a new adversarial edge-aware image colorization method with multitask output combined with semantic segmentation. The system uses a generator with a deep semantic fusion structure to infer semantic clues in a given grayscale image under chroma conditions and learns colorization by simultaneously predicting color information and semantic information. In addition, we also use a specific color difference loss with characteristics of human visual observation that is combined with semantic segmentation loss and adversarial loss for training. The experimental results show that our method is superior to existing methods in terms of different quality metrics and achieves good results in image colorization.
This study examined how Chinese native speakers (NSs) and second language (L2) learners process compound words. The findings showed that they used the hybrid model of coexistence for whole word and ...morphemes; and were influenced by word frequency, semantic transparency, and word structure. The results revealed that two groups of participants used hybrid representation when identifying high-frequency words and whole-word representation when identifying low-frequency words. Besides, semantic transparency might impact word structure awareness, and subject-predicate words were the most difficult to process. The research also showed that L2 learners’ word frequency effect was more robust than NSs’; morpheme location information might affect NSs, but L2 learners could not process it. There was variation in NSs’ speed in recognizing transparent and obscure words, but there was no difference among L2 learners. Besides, L2 learners’ word recognition speed could not reach the levels of NSs.
Plain Language Summary
Since the mental lexicon was put forward, researchers have begun to study the processing and representation of words. As an important part of vocabulary, the processing mechanism of compound words has also received much attention. There have been many studies on how native speakers process compound words so far, but researches on L2 learners are still in its infancy, and most of these studies have been done on English L2 learners, with little research on other languages, for example, Chinese as a second language. Compound words account for about 65% of the vocabulary in Mandarin Chinese. Therefore, research on the processing of Chinese compound words is of great significance. Two lexical judgment experiments were designed for the present study respectively with word frequency, semantic transparency, and lexical structure as independent variables to solve the disputes in the processing of compound words among native Chinese speakers and L2 learners adopting the repetitive priming paradigm based on the reaction time task. This work is the first to explore the interaction effects of semantic transparency and lexical structure on compound word processing. This study may be of particular interest to the general readers of your journal as it gives insight into the compound word processing mechanism of non-English second languages and enriches the theoretical knowledge of L2 word processing from a cross-language perspective. The findings show that they employ the hybrid model of coexistence for whole words and morphemes, and are affected by word frequency, semantic transparency, and word structure. We found that both Chinese native speakers (NS) and L2 learners use hybrid representation when identifying high-frequency words and whole-word representation when identifying low-frequency words; word structure awareness is affected by semantic transparency, and subject-predicate words are the most difficult to process. However, we also found that L2 learners’ word frequency effect is stronger than NSs’; morpheme location information may have an effect on NSs, but L2 learners cannot process it; There is variation in NSs’ speed in recognizing transparent and obscure words, but there is no difference among L2 learners. In addition, L2 learners’ word recognition speed and aptitude cannot reach the levels of NSs. Thus, Chinese L2 learners differ from English L2 learners in their lexical representations, as well as in the effects of semantic transparency, which further enriches the theory of L2 lexical processing.
•S-doped In2O3 flowers were successfully prepared by microwave-assisted hydrothermal process and annealing.•Compared with conventional nanoflower materials, S-In2O3 flowers exhibit a low operating ...temperature of 118 °C and a high sensitivity response of 250 at 10 ppm NO2.•The gas-sensitive enhancement model of the electron structure effect was developed, and the validity of the model was verified by experiments and calculations.•The proposed method is low-cost and fast to synthesize, and these advantages are used to make low-temperature high-performance gas sensors.
To further develop sensing materials for NO2 gas detection practical application, the operating temperature of the sensor should be significantly reduced. In this paper, In2O3 flowers were prepared by the microwave-assisted hydrothermal method. Then, In2O3 was doped using TAA (thioacetamide). The prepared S-doped In2O3 flowers have good gas sensitivity and significantly reduced operating temperature. When exposed to 10 ppm NO2 gas, the corresponding response was 250 at 118 °C. It can be demonstrated by the first principle calculations, in which the doping of S atoms changes the electron structure of In2O3 from semiconductor to metal with a lower potential barrier. Then, significantly affects the electron crossing the intergranular potential barriers. Therefore, the operating temperature of the sensor can be reduced. Our research results will provide new research ideas and technical approaches for designing, fabricating, and applying a new generation of In2O3 gas sensors.
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Inflammation shows a notable relationship to acute ischemic stroke's (AIS) occurrence and prognosis. However, existing research has confirmed that serum amyloid A (SAA) is an inflammatory biomarker. ...The aim of this paper was to investigate the association between SAA and the three-month clinical results of acute AIS patients after intravenous thrombolysis (IVT).
The evaluation of AIS patients with complete medical records was carried out by prospectively investigating patients hospitalized in our department between January 2020 and February 2023. The SAA levels were examined with the use of an immunosorbent assay kit that shows a relationship with the enzyme (Invitrogen Corp). Patients were dichotomized into favorable (mRS score of 0, 1 or 2) and unfavorable (mRS score of 3, 4, 5, or 6) results with the use of the modified Rankin Scale (mRS).
A total of 405 AIS patients who were subjected to IVT therapy were prospectively covered. To be specific, 121 (29.88%) patients had an unfavorable prognosis during the follow-up for 3 months. On that basis, patients achieving unfavorable results gained notably greater SAA levels (39.77 (IQR 38.32-46.23) vs.31.23 (IQR 27.44-34.47),
< 0.001) during hospitalization in comparison to patients with a better result. In the analysis with multiple variates, SAA was adopted to achieve the independent prediction of the three-month unfavorable clinical results of acute AIS patients after IVT OR:2.874 (95% CI, 1.764-4.321),
< 0.001. When the fundamental confounding factors were regulated, the odds ratio (OR) of unfavorable prognosis after AIS patients undergoing IVT therapy was 4.127 (95% CI = 1.695-10.464,
= 0.032) for the maximum tertile of SAA in terms of the minimal tertile. With an AUC of 0.703 (95% CI, 0.649-0.757), SAA revealed a notably more effective discriminating capability in terms of CRP, NLR, EMR, and WBC. SAA as a predictor in terms of the prediction of three-month unfavorable results after AIS patients undergoing IVT therapy achieved specificity and sensitivity of 84.45% and 77.23%, as well as an optimal cut-off value (COV) of 37.39.
SAA level that is up-regulated during hospitalization is capable of serving as an effective marker in terms of the prediction of unfavorable three-month results in AIS patients after IVT.
Molecular hydrogen has been used as an antioxidant to treat many diseases in clinical and animal studies. However, the therapeutic mechanism of molecular hydrogen remains unclear. We previously ...reported mitigation of light-induced damage in the rat retina by intraperitoneal injection of hydrogen-rich saline (HRS). In the present study, we investigated whether Sirtuin Type 1 (Sirt1), a class III histone deacetylase, mediates the retinal protective effect of HRS in rats with light-induced retinal damage.
Rats were treated with HRS for 5 days after intense light exposure, and then ERGs were performed and retinas were collected to evaluate the effect of HRS on Sirt1 expression. The necessity of Sirt1 for the retinal protective effect of HRS was investigated using the Sirt1 activator resveratrol, the Sirt1 inhibitor EX-527, and short interfering RNAs.
In light-damaged retinas, 5 days of HRS treatment increased Sirt1 expression, mitigated a- and b-wave amplitude reduction, and decreased the reduction of outer nuclear cell layers. The Sirt1 activator resveratrol mimicked the effect of HRS in light-damaged retinas. This result supported our hypothesis that Sirt1 mediates the protective effect of HRS. Additionally, the retinal protective effect of HRS was inhibited by both the Sirt1 inhibitor EX-527 and Sirt1 targeted short interfering RNAs. Hydrogen-rich saline also increased B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) expression and the activity of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD). Conversely, HRS decreased Bcl2-associated X protein expression, cleaved caspase-3, and oxidant-stress product malondialdehyde (MDA) in a Sirt1-dependent manner.
Sirt1 mediates light-induced damage mitigation by HRS through inhibition of apoptosis and oxidant-stress.
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