Hybridization of dissimilar materials is a promising solution to improve desired properties in various applications. Herein, we chemically grew a conductive polymer (polypyrrole, PPy) on ...graphene-supported manganese ferrite microspheres (MG, ∼344 nm in size) to form PPy/MG hybrids at various PPy contents (20, 33.3, and 42.9 wt%). PPy, MG binary, and PPy/MG ternary hybrids were comprehensively characterized to correlate their structure, morphology, and properties. Electrochemical measurements revealed a significantly enhancement of capacitive performances of PPy/MG as comparison to those of each component. Consequently, the combination of PPy and MG resulted in maximum specific capacitance of 147.2 F/g at scan rate of 10 mV/s or 66.1 F/g at current density of 0.5 A/g. These synergistic and cooperative effects are attributed to reduced diffusion resistance in the PPy/MG hybrids. This work thus suggests an efficient strategy to develop high-performance material for supercapacitor electrode.
Extensive studies have highlighted a need for frequently consistent land cover information for interdisciplinary studies. This paper proposes a comprehensive framework for the automatic production of ...the first Vietnam-wide annual land use/land cover (LULC) data sets (VLUCDs) from 1990 to 2020, using available remotely sensed and inventory data. Classification accuracies ranged from 85.7 ± 1.3 to 92.0 ± 1.2% with the primary dominant LULC and 77.6 ± 1.2% to 84.7 ± 1.1% with the secondary dominant LULC. This confirmed the potential of the proposed framework for systematically long-term monitoring LULC in Vietnam. Results reveal that despite slight recoveries in 2000 and 2010, the net loss of forests (19,940 km
) mainly transformed to croplands over 30 years. Meanwhile, productive croplands were converted to urban areas, which increased approximately ten times. A threefold increase in aquaculture was a major driver of the wetland loss (1914 km
). The spatial-temporal changes varied, but the most dynamic regions were the western north, the southern centre, and the south. These findings can provide evidence-based information on formulating and implementing coherent land management policies. The explicitly spatio-temporal VLUCDs can be benchmarks for global LULC validation, and utilized for a variety of applications in the research of environmental changes towards the Sustainable Development Goals.
Protein function prediction is a crucial part of genome annotation. Prediction methods have recently witnessed rapid development, owing to the emergence of high-throughput sequencing technologies. ...Among the available databases for identifying protein function terms, Gene Ontology (GO) is an important resource that describes the functional properties of proteins. Researchers are employing various approaches to efficiently predict the GO terms. Meanwhile, deep learning, a fast-evolving discipline in data-driven approach, exhibits impressive potential with respect to assigning GO terms to amino acid sequences. Herein, we reviewed the currently available computational GO annotation methods for proteins, ranging from conventional to deep learning approach. Further, we selected some suitable predictors from among the reviewed tools and conducted a mini comparison of their performance using a worldwide challenge dataset. Finally, we discussed the remaining major challenges in the field, and emphasized the future directions for protein function prediction with GO.
The Pacific Ocean is among the five largest and deepest oceans in the world. The area of the Pacific Ocean covers about 28 % of the Earth's surface. This is the habitat of many marine species, and ...its diversity is recognized as a fundamental element of Pacific culture and heritage. The ecosystems of aquatic animals are highly affected by climate change and by other factors. Residual toxins on aquatic animals can be categorized into two types based on origin: toxins of marine origin and toxins associated with human activity. Residual toxins have emerged as a global concern in recent years due to their frequent presence in aquatic environments. Furthermore, residual toxins in organisms living in the marine environment in the Pacific Ocean region also seriously affect food safety, food security, and especially human health. In this review we discuss important issues about residual toxins on aquatic animals in the Pacific areas specifically about the types of toxins that exist in marine animals, their contamination pathways in the Asia, Pacific region and the potential health effects for humans, the application of information technology and artificial intelligence in residual toxins on aquatic animal.
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•Residual toxins have emerged as a global concern recently due to their frequent presence in aquatic environments.•Residual toxins are categorized into toxins of marine origin and toxins associated with human activity.•Residual toxins in on aquatic animals seriously affect food safety, food security and human health.
Facilitation of local women's groups may reportedly reduce neonatal mortality. It is not known whether facilitation of groups composed of local health care staff and politicians can improve perinatal ...outcomes. We hypothesised that facilitation of local stakeholder groups would reduce neonatal mortality (primary outcome) and improve maternal, delivery, and newborn care indicators (secondary outcomes) in Quang Ninh province, Vietnam.
In a cluster-randomized design 44 communes were allocated to intervention and 46 to control. Laywomen facilitated monthly meetings during 3 years in groups composed of health care staff and key persons in the communes. A problem-solving approach was employed. Births and neonatal deaths were monitored, and interviews were performed in households of neonatal deaths and of randomly selected surviving infants. A latent period before effect is expected in this type of intervention, but this timeframe was not pre-specified. Neonatal mortality rate (NMR) from July 2008 to June 2011 was 16.5/1,000 (195 deaths per 11,818 live births) in the intervention communes and 18.4/1,000 (194 per 10,559 live births) in control communes (adjusted odds ratio OR 0.96 95% CI 0.73-1.25). There was a significant downward time trend of NMR in intervention communes (p = 0.003) but not in control communes (p = 0.184). No significant difference in NMR was observed during the first two years (July 2008 to June 2010) while the third year (July 2010 to June 2011) had significantly lower NMR in intervention arm: adjusted OR 0.51 (95% CI 0.30-0.89). Women in intervention communes more frequently attended antenatal care (adjusted OR 2.27 95% CI 1.07-4.8).
A randomized facilitation intervention with local stakeholder groups composed of primary care staff and local politicians working for three years with a perinatal problem-solving approach resulted in increased attendance to antenatal care and reduced neonatal mortality after a latent period.
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•R. tanguticum extracts exhibited activity against phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria.•Seven anthraquinones and stilbenes from R. tanguticum were isolated and identified.•In vivo ...antifungal activity of botanicals was evaluated by the whole plant bioassay.•The isolated stilbenes effectively inhibited the growth of phytopathogenic bacteria.
The antimicrobial efficacies of extracts and constituents fractionated from Rheum tanguticum rhizomes were evaluated by using in vitro and in vivo bioassay against seven phytopathogenic fungi and ten pathogenic bacteria, respectively. Dichloromethane and ethyl acetate soluble extracts derived from R. tanguticum rhizomes effectively controlled plant diseases caused by five fungi Magnaporthe oryzae, Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei, Colletotrichum coccodes, Phytophthora infestans, and Puccinia recondita in in vivo whole plant bioassay. In addition, these extracts showed strong inhibitory activity against the bacterial growth of Acidovorax avenae subsp. cattlyae (Aac), Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni (Xap), and Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), with MIC values ranging from 125 to 250μg/mL. The active extracts of R. tanguticum rhizomes were fractionated by using various and repeated chromatographic techniques to yield seven constituents that included three anthraquinones and four stilbenes. Notably, at concentrations ranging from 75 to 300μg/mL, physcion (DH03) and chrysophanol (DH04) were significantly effective in suppressing the development of barley powdery mildew (BPM) caused by B. graminis f. sp. hordei, with control values from 80 to 96.7%. Moreover, stilbenes rhapontigenin (DH02) and desoxyrhapontigenin (DH05) had a broad spectrum and potent activity against phytopathogenic bacteria; DH05 effectively inhibited the bacterial growth of Aac, Burkholderia glumae and Psa at MICs ranging from 38 to 150μg/mL. In this paper, we report their antibacterial activity for the first time. The botanical materials containing anthraquinones and stilbenes were active against both phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria. These results suggested that R. tanguticum rhizomes could be used as a new source of antimicrobial substances for developing a botanical fungicide and bactericide to control plant diseases.
This systematic review was designed to summarize the findings on expression and mutation of
genes in ovarian cancer (OC) patients, focusing on mutation detection technology and taking clinical ...decisions for better treatment.
We conducted a systematic review by following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses document selection guidelines for the document selection process and the PICOT standard for developing the keywords to search for. A total of 5729 publications were included, and 50 articles were put into the final screening. The results showed that Next-Generation Sequencing was a breakthrough technology in detecting
(
) gene mutations because of its efficacy and affordability. Other technologies are also being applied now for mutation detection. The most prominent associations of
gene mutations were age, heredity, and family history. Furthermore, mutations of
could improve survival rate and overall survival. There is no sufficient study available to conclude a systematic analysis for the expression of
gene in OC.
Research will continue to develop more diagnostic techniques based on the expression and mutation of
genes for OC in the near future.
Antimicrobial-resistant infections are a major global health issue. Ease of antimicrobial access in developing countries is proposed to be a key driver of the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) epidemic ...despite a lack of community antimicrobial usage data.
Using a mixed-methods approach (geospatial mapping, simulated clients, healthcare utilization, longitudinal cohort) we assessed antimicrobial access in the community and quantified antimicrobial usage for childhood diarrhoea in an urban Vietnamese setting.
The study area had a pharmacy density of 15.7 pharmacies/km2 (a pharmacy for every 1316 people). Using a simulated client method at pharmacies within the area, we found that 8% (3/37) and 22% (8/37) of outlets sold antimicrobials for paediatric watery and mucoid diarrhoea, respectively. However, despite ease of pharmacy access, the majority of caregivers would choose to take their child to a healthcare facility, with 81% (319/396) and 88% (347/396) of responders selecting a specialized hospital as one of their top three preferences when seeking treatment for watery and mucoid diarrhoea, respectively. We calculated that at least 19% (2688/14 427) of diarrhoea episodes in those aged 1 to <5 years would receive an antimicrobial annually; however, antimicrobial usage was almost 10 times greater in hospitals than in the community.
Our data question the impact of community antimicrobial usage on AMR and highlight the need for better education and guidelines for all professionals with the authority to prescribe antimicrobials.
The excretory system is responsible for removing wastes from the human body, which plays a crucial role in our lives. Current treatments for diseases related to this system have shown several ...limitations; therefore, there is a rising need for novel methods. In this circumstance, RNA-based therapeutics have rapidly emerged as new and promising candidates. In fact, to date, a handful of potential drugs have passed the development step and entered the clinical pipeline. Among them, one drug received FDA approval to enter the global market, which is Oxlumo (Lumasiran) for the treatment of primary hyperoxaluria type 1. For other excretory diseases, such as paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, urothelial cancer or renal cancer, RNA-based candidates are also being tested under clinical trials. Currently, the most potential types of RNA therapeutics to treat disorders of the excretory system are those based on small interfering RNA (siRNA), antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) and messenger RNA (mRNA), Among them, siRNA therapeutics seem to be the most promising, including Oxlumo and two other developing drug candidates. This chapter will provide a general overview on the application of RNA therapeutics in disorders of the excretory system.
BACKGROUNDVietnam is among the few countries that were successful in the fight against the first wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, subsequent domestic outbreaks of COVID-19 ...continue to occur. To sharp the community education program to guarantee the final success in the fight against COVID-19 in Vietnam and comparable countries, we examined the levels of COVID-19 knowledge and associated predictors among university students in Vietnam. MATERIALS AND METHODSA cross-sectional study was conducted on all students enrolling at Phenikaa University using a self-developed questionnaire consisted of 20 questions regarding COVID-19's risk factors, transmission routes, symptoms, and prevention. RESULTSAmong 728 participants, 40.9% were male, 63.2% studied health-related majors, and 18.1% lived alone. Correct response rates ranged from 25.3% to 98.9% across 20 questions. Only 51.9% (378/728) of participants had good knowledge levels. Studying health majors (adjusted odds ratio AOR 0.547, 95% confidence interval CI 0.398 - 0.751, P <0.001), and living with the seniors (AOR 0.612, 95% CI 0.389 - 0.963, P = 0.034) or with friends (AOR 0.405, 95% CI 0.252 - 0.650, P <0.001) were negatively associated with a poor level of COVID-19 knowledge. CONCLUSIONThe proportion of university students having good knowledge levels is suboptimal. It is essential to improve the quality of COVID-19 education with a more focus on not only the preventive measures, but also the disease itself. More studies are needed to improve the level of COVID-19 knowledge among those living alone or do not study health-related majors.
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