Determine the suitability of transcutaneous bilirubin (TCB) as a tool to assess the effectiveness of phototherapy on patched skin.
A prospective observational study was conducted. We covered a ...fragment of skin (sternum) with a photo-opaque patch. Several simultaneous TCB and TSB measurements were performed with the JM-105 bilirubinometer. Bland and Altman test evaluated the agreement between bilirubin levels.
A total of 217 patients were studied, 48.8% were preterm. The mean difference between TSB and TCB before the start of treatment was 1.07 mg/dL. During phototherapy, differences on covered skin were 0.52, 0.27, and 0.39 mg/dL at 24, 48, and 72 h of therapy respectively. The best correlation was observed at 48 h in preterm infants.
The measurement of TCB on patched skin (PTCB) is useful for monitoring the response to phototherapy in term and preterm infants. We use a patch with a removable flap that eases successive measures without disturbing the patients.
This paper attempts to shed light on the determinants of energy demand in Turkey. Energy demand model is first proposed using the ant colony optimization (ACO) approach. It is multi-agent systems in ...which the behavior of each ant is inspired by the foraging behavior of real ants to solve optimization problem. ACO energy demand estimation (ACOEDE) model is developed using population, gross domestic product (GDP), import and export. All equations proposed here are linear and quadratic. Quadratic_ACOEDE provided better-fit solution due to fluctuations of the economic indicators. The ACOEDE model plans the energy demand of Turkey until 2025 according to three scenarios. The relative estimation errors of the ACOEDE model are the lowest when they are compared with the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources (MENR) projection.
Explanatory AI (XAI) is on the rise, gaining enormous traction with the computational community, policymakers, and philosophers alike. This article contributes to this debate by first distinguishing ...scientific XAI (sXAI) from other forms of XAI. It further advances the structure for bona fide sXAI, while remaining neutral regarding preferences for theories of explanations. Three core components are under study, namely, i) the structure for bona fide sXAI, consisting in elucidating the explanans, the explanandum, and the explanatory relation for sXAI: ii) the pragmatics of explanation, which includes a discussion of the role of multi-agents receiving an explanation and the context within which the explanation is given; and iii) a discussion on Meaningful Human Explanation, an umbrella concept for different metrics required for measuring the explanatory power of explanations and the involvement of human agents in sXAI. The kind of AI systems of interest in this article are those utilized in medicine and the healthcare system. The article also critically addresses current philosophical and computational approaches to XAI. Amongst the main objections, it argues that there has been a long-standing interpretation of classifications as explanation, when these should be kept separate.
This paper presents Turkey's net electricity energy generation and demand based on economic indicators. Forecasting model for electricity energy generation and demand is first proposed by the ant ...colony optimization (ACO) approach. It is multi-agent system in which the behavior of each ant is inspired by the foraging behavior of real ants to solve optimization problem. Ant colony optimization electricity energy estimation (ACOEEE) model is developed using population, gross domestic product (GDP), import and export. All equations proposed here are linear electricity energy generation and demand (linear_ACOEEGE and linear ACOEEDE) and quadratic energy generation and demand (quadratic_ACOEEGE and quadratic ACOEEDE). Quadratic models for both generation and demand provided better fit solution due to the fluctuations of the economic indicators. The ACOEEGE and ACOEEDE models indicate Turkey's net electricity energy generation and demand until 2025 according to three scenarios.
Nanoparticles properties such as solubility, tunable surface charges, and singular reactivity might be explored to improve the performance of fertilizers. Nevertheless, these unique properties may ...also bring risks to the environment since the fate of nanoparticles is poorly understood. This study investigated the impact of a range of CuO nanoparticles sizes and concentrations on the germination and seedling development of Phaseolus vulgaris L. Nanoparticles did not affect seed germination, but seedling weight gain was promoted by 100 mg Cu L–1 and inhibited by 1 000 mg Cu L–1 of 25 nm CuO and CuSO4. Most of the Cu taken up remained in the seed coat with Cu hotspots in the hilum. X-ray absorption spectroscopy unraveled that most of the Cu remained in its pristine form. The higher surface reactivity of the 25 nm CuO nanoparticles might be responsible for its deleterious effects. The present study therefore highlights the importance of the nanoparticle structure for its physiological impacts.
Abstract
In this paper, we examined single and parallel machine scheduling problems with a learning effect and job rejection simultaneously. In real life, job processing times decrease when there is ...a learning effect. In some cases, producers cannot process all the jobs and pay the penalty cost for these jobs that they do not process. In our study, learning effect and job rejection are considered at the same time. We examined four different objective functions. Our objectives for single-machine scheduling problems are makespan and rejection cost minimization, total completion time and rejection cost minimization and total absolute deviation of completion times (TADC) and rejection cost minimization. Our objective for parallel machines is makespan and rejection cost minimization. The problems are solved by mathematical models, and four different algorithms are proposed for the problems. From these algorithms, the same results are obtained with single-machine makespan and rejection cost minimization, parallel machine makespan and rejection cost minimization and total completion time and rejection cost minimization. The accuracy for these models is obtained as 100%. The proposed algorithm for TADC and rejection cost minimization yielded close-to-optimal results. Mathematical model and algorithm results for 10 jobs, 20 jobs and 30 jobs are compared and the results are presented. The obtained solutions are obtained in polynomial time.
Starving Dictyostelium discoideum cells secrete AcbA, an acyl coenzyme A-binding protein (ACBP) that lacks a conventional signal sequence for entering the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Secretion of ...AcbA in D. discoideum requires the Golgi-associated protein GRASP. In this study, we report that starvation-induced secretion of Acb1, the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ACBP orthologue, also requires GRASP (Grh1). This highlights the conserved function of GRASP in unconventional secretion. Although genes required for ER to Golgi or Golgi to cell surface transport are not required for Acb1 secretion in yeast, this process involves autophagy genes and the plasma membrane t-SNARE, Sso1. Inhibiting transport to vacuoles does not affect Acb1 secretion. In sum, our experiments reveal a unique secretory pathway where autophagosomes containing Acb1 evade fusion with the vacuole to prevent cargo degradation. We propose that these autophagosome intermediates fuse with recycling endosomes instead to form multivesicular body carriers that then fuse with the plasma membrane to release cargo.
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