One of the main goals of creating a wholesale electricity market in the Russian Federation was to reduce the prices for circulating electricity. The achievement of this goal was supposed to be due to ...the development of competitive energy market relations, equal access to electricity supply services to consumers among all participants of the energy market, transparency and structuring of the electricity pricing mechanism. Traditionally, the regions with the lowest prices for supplied electricity in Russia are the territories of the Siberian United Energy System, where the demand for electricity is provided by cheap hydro generation, which ensures the competitiveness of the Siberian economy and high investment potential in the industrial sector. The article presents an empirical analysis of the dynamic changes in the parameters of the total cost of electricity sold in the regions of Russia included various federal districts with a comparison of the cost of electricity in the Siberian Federal District regions with other territories of Russia, with the identification of key trends and features of changes. Analysis of the dynamics of changes in the components of the cost of electricity on various territories for the period January 2021 – March 2022 revealed a significant increase in the cost of electric energy and electric capacity. Their dynamics in some cases exceeds 30 %, and led to a significant increase in prices for electricity sold to all groups of consumers operating in the United Energy System of Siberia regions, and in particular on territories of the Krasnoyarsk Krai and the Republic of Khakassia. The presented article emphasizes the need to study the factors and pricing conditions affecting the change in price parameters for power supplied to consumers operating in the regions of the Siberian United Energy System, with the development of follow-up measures to manage the increase in prices for electricity (capacity) in these regions.
Using an example of a real-world data set, it is shown that the accuracy of the image classifier based on a convolutional neural network does not deteriorate when using only one color channel. The ...binary diffractive optical element was calculated, which allows to increase the imaging system depth of field by several times. This is achieved by using the different color channels for various defocus values. A comparison of the MTF curves of the original and apodized imaging systems for a given minimum acceptable value of image contrast is presented.
The paper presents a decomposition implementation of Horner’s scheme for calculating the values of multidimensional polynomials, which reduces the problem to calculating a sequence of values of ...one-dimensional polynomials according to Horner’s scheme. The possibility of using this scheme in a distributed computer environment is studied. The operation of the scheme is exemplified by the problem of constructing approximate analytical solutions of differential equations with a polynomial right-hand side.
One of the innovative directions of the prospective development of electric power complexes of the countries of the world is the technology of smart power supply networks, the main element of which ...is the system of industrial energy storage. They began to be widely used for use as local energy storage devices used in combination with renewable energy sources. The purpose of the study is to analyze the influence of the shape of the graphs of consumers' electrical loads on the effect obtained in the process of price-dependent energy management based on industrial energy storage systems in the current conditions of procurement in the wholesale and retail electricity markets of Russia. The methods of analysis, synthesis, and systems approach are used. To carry out the study, we took data on the characteristics of typical graphs of electric loads of various types of large consumers, price parameters of electricity supply from the retail electricity market, valid for consumers of the Central Federal District. Based on the three basic types of hourly electricity consumption schedules, which have different indicators of daily load factors, calculations were made of changes in the parameters of the cost of electricity purchases and average prices for the purchase of electricity, as well as the comparative characteristics of cost parameters and average prices were revealed. Based on the analysis of the parameters of the cost of electricity and average purchase prices, the example of the Voronezh region investigated the direction of change in the total cost of electricity purchases and average purchase tariffs as the fill factor of daily load schedules changes. The dependence of the effects of lowering the average price of electricity purchases on the fill factor was revealed. Based on the data on the price parameters of all electric power components for the regions of the Central Federal District, the cost parameters and average tariffs for the purchase of electricity were calculated, which made it possible to identify the uneven parameters of both the monthly costs of purchasing electricity before and after the use of electric energy storage systems, and the parameters for reducing the average purchase tariffs electricity after applying storage systems. The analysis of the effects of the use of energy storage systems for different demand schedules and levels of rated voltage was carried out, which revealed a tendency to increase the effect of a decrease in average prices for the purchase of electricity as the level of rated voltage decreases. The results can be used by employees of energy companies in Russia or energy services of industrial enterprises of the Central Federal District in the process of analysis of investment projects on the use of industrial energy storage systems.
Energy cost management (more than 45 % in the structure of total costs) can significantly reduce own energy supply costs and improve operational efficiency of an enterprise. The study examines ...regional electricity price parameters, affected by retail and wholesale electricity markets, in terms of the possibilities for industrial enterprises to implement price-dependent demand management to reduce energy purchase costs. The article aims to distribute Russian regions according to the prospects for reducing energy purchase costs by managing electricity demand schedules. The following methods were utilised: statistical analysis of hourly average electricity prices per year, month and day in the regional context; mathematical modelling and calculation of authors’ coefficients of average electricity prices and coefficients of daily price volatility for assessing prospects for effective energy demand management in Russian regions; construction of positioning maps for grouping and identifying regions where the implementation of price-dependent demand management is possible. Electricity price parameters of all Russian regions were examined. The paper analysed principles of electricity pricing for domestic industrial enterprises, researched the impact of price volatility on energy purchase costs, assessed the contribution of electricity costs to total energy consumption costs of enterprises. Coefficients of average electricity prices, coefficients of daily price volatility and coefficients of efficiency of price-dependent electricity consumption were applied to study electricity price parameters in the regional context. As a result, the article presented a map of electricity price parameters, where regions are grouped according to the possibility of implementing demand management mechanisms. Additionally, specific practical recommendations on price-dependent demand management for electricity consumption of industrial enterprises were given for each identified regional group.
The growth of indebtedness of industrial enterprises operating in conditions of economic instability for consumed electricity and the sanctions imposed by the energy supplying organizations for late ...payments, determine the urgency of the problem of managing the risks of non-payment for energy from industrial enterprises. The article is devoted to the description of the method developed by the authors for managing the risks of non-payment of industrial enterprises for consumed electricity, based on the principles of price-dependent electricity consumption. Based on the study of the mechanism of formation of the cost of electricity purchased by industrial enterprises in the wholesale and retail electricity markets, special methods were proposed to control each component of the cost of electricity: electrical energy, electrical power, electricity transmission services. It justifies the need to develop options for operating modes of industrial equipment, such as nominal load mode, load limiting mode, technological minimum load, in order to effectively implement and use price-dependent power consumption in crisis conditions.Modeling scenarios of price-dependent demand management for power consumption is made on the example of a machine-building enterprise and the calculation and component-wise analysis of the economic effect of price-dependent management and the factors influencing its formation are carried out. The developed method allows you to effectively manage the risks of non-payment of industrial enterprises for electricity, as well as minimize the risks of restricting the supply of electricity to industrial facilities and disruptions in the operation of industrial equipment.
The definition and existence criterion are given for the generalized-periodic motions of a certain wide class of systems. The class contains all the systems that can be characterized by the classical ...periodic operator of displacement, the systems generated by the Volterra integral equations, and some others. A relationship is established between generalized-periodic motions and integral invariant sets.
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