Detection and identification of special cells via aptamer-based nano-conjugates sensors have been revolutionized over the past few years. These sensing platforms rely on selecting aptamers using ...systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) in vitro, which allows for sensitive detection of cells. Integration of the aptamer-based sensors (aptasensors) with nanomaterials offers enhanced specificity and sensitivity, which in turn, offers great promise for numerous applications, spanning from bioanalysis to biomedical applications. Accordingly, the demand for using aptamer-conjugated nanomaterials for various applications has progressively increased over the past years. In light of this, this Review seeks to highlight the recent advances in the development of aptamer-conjugated nanomaterials and their utilization for the detection of various pathogens involved in infectious diseases and food contamination.
•Detection of pathogens using biosensors is critical for translation into the clinic.•Aptamers offer a variety of merits to sensing platforms compared to conventional recognition elements.•A variety of nanomaterials have been utilized to design the sensing interfaces.•Nanostructured sensors leverage the analytical performance of aptasensors.
Paraquat (PQ) is a herbicide agent commonly used in agricultural applications. Hepatotoxicity is among clinical complications associated with PQ intoxication. Oxidative stress and its subsequent ...events are major mechanisms identified in PQ-induced liver toxicity. Berberine (BBR) is a natural antioxidant widely investigated for its hepatoprotective effects. The present study designed to evaluate the potential cytoprotective properties of BBR against PQ-induced cytotoxicity in primary cultured rat hepatocytes and in vivo test of liver function enzymes. Cellular and biochemical parameters including lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), cell viability, ROS formation, glutathione (GSH) content, and mitochondrial membrane potential in the PQ-treated hepatocytes were measured, and the mentioned markers were evaluated in the presence of BBR. BBR treatment caused significant decrease in PQ-induced cell death, ROS formation, and LDH release. On the other hand, it was found that BBR inhibits cellular glutathione depletion in PQ-treated hepatocytes. Also, BBR treatment significantly diminished PQ-induced the liver function enzyme elevation. These data mention the potential hepatoprotective effect of BBR with therapeutic capability against PQ-induced liver damage.
The repair and regeneration of articular cartilage represent important challenges for orthopedic investigators and surgeons worldwide due to its avascular, aneural structure, cellular arrangement, ...and dense extracellular structure. Although abundant efforts have been paid to provide tissue-engineered grafts, the use of therapeutically cell-based options for repairing cartilage remains unsolved in the clinic. Merging a clinical perspective with recent progress in nanotechnology can be helpful for developing efficient cartilage replacements. Nanomaterials, < 100 nm structural elements, can control different properties of materials by collecting them at nanometric sizes. The integration of nanomaterials holds promise in developing scaffolds that better simulate the extracellular matrix (ECM) environment of cartilage to enhance the interaction of scaffold with the cells and improve the functionality of the engineered-tissue construct. This technology not only can be used for the healing of focal defects but can also be used for extensive osteoarthritic degenerative alterations in the joint. In this review paper, we will emphasize the recent investigations of articular cartilage repair/regeneration via biomaterials. Also, the application of novel technologies and materials is discussed.
Cartilage is frequently damaged with a limited capacity for repair. Current treatment strategies are insufficient as they form fibrocartilage as opposed to hyaline cartilage, and do not prevent the ...progression of degenerative changes. There is increasing interest in the use of autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) for tissue regeneration. MSCs that are used to treat articular cartilage defects must not only present a robust cartilaginous production capacity, but they also must not cause morbidity at the harvest site. In addition, they should be easy to isolate from the tissue and expand in culture without terminal differentiation. The source of MSCs is one of the most important factors that may affect treatment. The infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) acts as an important reservoir for MSC and is located in the anterior compartment of the knee joint in the extra-synovial area. The IPFP is a rich source of MSCs, and in this review, we discuss studies that demonstrate that these cells have shown many advantages over other tissues in terms of ease of isolation, expansion, and chondrogenic differentiation. Future studies in articular cartilage repair strategies and suitable extraction as well as cell culture methods will extend the therapeutical application of IPFP-derived MSCs into additional orthopedic fields, such as osteoarthritis. This review provides the latest research concerning the use of IPFP-derived MSCs in the treatment of articular cartilage damage, providing critical information for the field to grow.
Medicinal plants are considered colossal producers of bioactive therapeutics agents. The genus Mentha possesses commercial values owing to its aromatic species. Despite its traditional applications ...in food flavoring, Mentha spp. such as Mentha piperita (peppermint), M. aquatica (water mint), M. spicata (spearmint), and M. arvensis (wild mint) are widely used for treating not only cold and fever but also gastro-intestinal and cardiovascular disorders as folk medicines. It has revealed a plethora of biological traits viz. antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-ulcer, anti-diabetic, insecticidal, and anti-inflammatory activities. Generally, the presence of bioactive phytochemicals is the prime reason for the traditional pharmacological activities of Mentha spp. A rich source of potential phytoconstituents of Mentha spp. is an important agent for designing nutrapharmaceuticals. The current review paper discusses the different phytochemical, traditional medicinal features, and prime therapeutic properties of some of the most commonly used Mentha spp. Also, this paper summarizes the role of various metabolites of Mentha towards the development of therapeutic drugs in the future.
Evidence has been provided of the anti-proliferative activity of citalopram against some cancer cells.
The apoptotic impact of citalopram, an antidepressant, against liver hepatocellular carcinoma ...cell line HepG2 was investigated in relation to the oxidative pathway and nuclear factor (NF)κB activation.
The cytotoxic effects of citalopram on HepG2 cells were determined by MTT assay. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and cytochrome c release were measured following treatment with citalopram. Apoptosis analysis and Bax and Bcl--2 mRNA and protein levels were also determined.
The cytotoxic effects of different concentrations of citalopram on HepG2 cells were observed as a reduction in cell viability and an increase in ROS formation. Citalopram caused an increase in mitochondrial Bax levels and a decrease in Bcl2 levels and also caused cytochrome c release. Moreover, DAPI staining and flow cytometry assays revealed citalopram-induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Oxidant scavengers and Bay 11-7082 (an irreversible inhibitor of NFκB activation) prevented the citalopram-associated cell death, increased BAX and decreased Bcl2.
Outcomes from current study suggest that citalopram might exhibit apoptotic effect against hepatocellular carcinoma cell line by induction of cell death through cytochrome c release and ROS-dependent activation of NFκB.
Podocytopathy: The role of actin cytoskeleton Ahmadian, Elham; Eftekhari, Aziz; Atakishizada, Seyyeddin ...
Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy,
December 2022, 2022-12-00, 20221201, 2022-12-01, Letnik:
156
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Renal injury and the development of albuminuria are tightly connected with the loss of podocytes. Podocyte damages cause proteinuric renal diseases since podocyte foot processes (FP) and their ...interposed slit diaphragms (SD) are the final barriers against protein loss. Podocyte effacement and the resultant deterioration of podocyte SD integrity that involve the active rearrangement of the podocyte actin cytoskeleton is a chief mechanism of proteinuric kidney diseases. The progress of these injuries can eventually lead to cell detachment and death. Due to the prominence of the actin cytoskeleton in maintaining glomerular filtration, the assessment of the molecular design and regulation of actin is a central target of podocyte research. In the current review, a comprehensive summary of the actin cytoskeleton, its constituents, and regulatory signaling pathways has been provided. Since actin-regulated cell plasticity is a crucial feature of normal podocyte function, and deteriorations in its dynamics seem to directly affect podocyte morphology and glomerular permeability, this review discusses cascades that regulate actin polymerization in podocytes.
Display omitted
•Renal injury/albuminuria are tightly connected with the loss of podocytes.•Deterioration of podocyte slit diaphragms integrity led to proteinuric kidney.•Actin-regulated cell plasticity is a crucial feature of normal podocyte function
The present work deals with the green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using
(yellowish peel) and the evaluation of its antimicrobial, antioxidant, and ...anticholinesterase activities. For the synthesis of AgNPs, peel aqueous extract (200 mL) was treated with a 40 mM AgNO3 solution (200 mL) at room temperature, and a color change was observed. In UV-Visible spectroscopy, an absorption peak formation at ~439 nm was the sign that AgNPs were present in the reaction solution. UV-vis, FE-SEM, TEM, EDX, AFM, XRD, TG/DT analyses, and Zetasizer techniques were used to characterize the biosynthesized nanoparticles. The crystal average size and zeta potential of AC-AgNPs with predominantly spherical shapes were measured as 19.47 ± 1.12 nm and -13.1 mV, respectively. Pathogenic microorganisms
,
,
,
, and
were used for the Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) test. When compared to tested standard antibiotics, AC-AgNPs demonstrated good growth inhibitory activities on
,
, and
strains. In vitro, the antioxidant properties of AC-AgNPs were measured using different spectrophotometric techniques. In the β-Carotene linoleic acid lipid peroxidation assay, AC-AgNPs showed the strongest antioxidant activity with an IC
value of 116.9 µg/mL, followed by metal-chelating capacity and ABTS cation radical scavenging activity with IC
values of 120.4 µg/mL and 128.5 µg/mL, respectively. The inhibitory effects of produced AgNPs on the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes were determined using spectrophotometric techniques. This study provides an eco-friendly, inexpensive, and easy method for the synthesis of AgNPs that can be used for biomedical activities and also has other possible industrial applications.
Metallic nanoparticles are valuable materials and have a range of uses. Nanoparticles synthesized from plant wastes by environment-friendly methods have attracted the attention of researchers in ...recent years. Also, the advantages of biological resources and synthesis methods are attracting attention. In this study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized from Ananas comosus fruit peels using ecofriendly method steps. The characterization of the particles obtained was determined by using a UV-visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis.), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction diffractometer (XRD), Fourier scanning electron microscope (FESEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The nanoparticles showed maximum absorbance at 463 nm, measuring 11.61 in crystal nanosize, and presented spherical in appearance. An antimicrobial activity test was determined with the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) method. The nanoparticles showed promising inhibitory activity on the Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogen microorganisms (Escherichia coli ATCC25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC29213, Bacillus subtilis ATCC11774, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27833 bacteria, and Candida albicans yeast) at low concentrations. The cytotoxic and growth inhibitory effects of silver nanoparticles on different cancer cell lines were examined via the MTT assay.
Diabetic nephropathy as a deleterious complication of diabetes mellitus and an important cause of end-stage renal failure is characterized by changes in the molecular and cellular levels. Cell-cell ...communication via the gap and tight junctions are involved in the pathogenesis of diseases such as diabetes and kidney failure. Studying cell junctions including gap junctions, tight junctions, and anchoring junctions within the nephron can be used as an early sign of diabetic nephropathy. Furthermore, cell junctions may be an upcoming target by pharmacological methods to improve treatments of diabetic nephropathy and pave the way to introduce promising therapeutic strategies based on cell-cell communications effects and its translation into clinical studies for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
PDF
