The development of the use of interferometric techniques in the study of the optical properties of materials encouraged many researchers to work on the derivation and development of the theoretical ...considerations and the equations used in the calculations of those properties. The form of these equations depends on the technique used and the cross section of the sample, and also on the method of calculating the optical path difference of light across the sample studied. A modified formula to calculate the three‐dimensional birefringence distribution of the fiber, without the need to determine the refractive indices of the fiber in the parallel and perpendicular directions, was presented. The phase distribution of the simulated and experiment interferograms was obtained using subfringe integration method. The results obtained from the new method were compared with the calculated results of a well‐known method (Z method) and the figures presented showed that the results of the two methods were close to each other.
Formula of three‐dimensional (3D) refractive index of fiber considering the refraction has been reviewed.
More accurate formula to calculate the 3D birefringence of fiber was derived.
Automatic fringe analysis was done for duplicate and nonduplicate fringes.
The phase distributions of the fringe used directly to calculate the 3D birefringence of fiber.
In this paper, we analyzed, automatically, the two‐beam interference image to determine the three‐dimensional (3D) phase distribution using subfringe integration method.
The 3D phase distribution used to calculate the 3D refractive indices and birefringent of the fiber using a new formula.
Biosorption has gained important credibility during recent years because of its good performance and low cost. This work is concerned with studying the potentiality of the chitin component of the ...shrimp shells for uranium biosorption from nitric acid liquid solutions. The structural characteristics of the working chitin have been determined via Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The surface morphology was examined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The adsorption capacity of biomass was investigated experimentally. The influence of contact time, pH, metal ion concentration, solution volume to mass ratio and temperature were evaluated and the results were fitted using adsorption isotherm models. The kinetic of uranium biosorption was also investigated as well as biosorption thermodynamic.
Physicochemical process of biosorption is known to be promising technique due to the ease of operation and comparable low cost of biosorbant application. Chitin flakes extracted from shrimp shells show potentiality in uranium adsorption reached 7.48mg uranium at the following conditions: 60min contact time, pH 3.66, 50:1V/m ration and at room temperature. The theoretical sorption capacity was 25.31mgg−1, according to Langmuir isotherm model. The rate of sorption follows pseudo second-order. The nature of biosorption process is spontaneous and exothermic. Display omitted
•This study shows the potentially for shrimp shell beads for uranium adsorption.•The max. biosorption was achieved at pH 3.6, contact time 60min, S/L ratio 1:50.•Uranium sorption follows Langmuir isotherm with theoretical capacity of 25.31g/kg.•The nature of sorption process of the sorbents is spontaneous and exothermic.•The rate of sorption follows pseudo second-order.
In one pot, the self-assembly of AgNO
and 2-chloroquinoxaline (2Cl-quinox) in water-ethanol mixture afforded two novel crystalline Ag(I) complexes. The major product is the polymeric complex ...Ag(2Cl-quinox)(NO
)
; (1), while the minor product (2) comprises two molecules which are the monomeric Ag(2Cl-quinox)
(NO
); (2a) and polymeric Ag(2Cl-quinox)(NO
)
; (2b) complexes. The single crystal X-ray structure revealed that 1 and 2b are made up of two-dimensional infinite sheets. In contrast, 2a is a monomeric complex which has a highly distorted tetrahedral geometry around Ag(I) center. In all cases, the 2Cl-quinox molecule acts as a terminal monodentate ligand. Complexes 1 and 2b have similar molecular structures and also have almost similar crystal packing. Using Hirshfeld surface analysis, the O…H hydrogen bonds and π-π stacking interactions contributed significantly to the molecular packing. Both complexes have broad-spectrum action towards multi drug-resistance bacteria. The most effective function of 2 is against Proteus morganii, with a MIC value of 8 μg/mL. Complex 2 (IC
= 5.93 ± 0.52 μg/mL) has remarkably greater cytotoxic effect against lung carcinoma (A-549) than cis-platin (IC
= 7.5 ± 0.69 μg/mL) and AgNO
(IC
= 14.7 ± 0.53 μg/mL). The higher Ag-content in 2 could be the main reason for its higher cytotoxicity than 1.
Our study focused on the optical behavior, methylene blue (MB) dye degradation potential, antibacterial performance, and silver and trioxide mineral interaction with different bacterial species. We ...found that the addition of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) to neodymium oxide (Nd2O3) resulted in a significant response, with an enlargement of the inhibition zone for bacterial species such as Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Specifically, the inhibition zone for S. aureus increased from 9.3 ± 0.5 mm for pure Nd2O3 to 16.7 ± 0.4 mm for the Ag/Nd2O3 nano-composite, while for E. coli, it increased from 8.8 ± 0.4 mm for Nd2O3 to 15.9 ± 0.3 mm for Ag/Nd2O3. Furthermore, the optical behavior of the composites showed a clear band-gap narrowing with the addition of Ag NPs, resulting in enhanced electronic localization. The direct and indirect transitions reduced from 6.7 to 6.1 eV and from 5.2 to 2.9 eV, respectively. Overall, these results suggest that the Ag/Nd2O3 nano-composite has potential applications in sensor industries and water treatment, thanks to its enhanced optical behavior, antibacterial performance, and efficient MB degradation capabilities. In terms of MB degradation, the Ag/Nd2O3 mixed system exhibited more efficient degradation compared to pure Nd2O3. After 150 min, the MB concentration in the mixed system decreased to almost half of its starting point, while pure Nd2O3 only reached 33%.
Abstract
Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using algal polysaccharides is a simple, low-cost, and an eco-friendly approach. In the current study, different concentrations of
Arthospira ...platensis
exopolysaccharides (EPS) were used to synthetize AuNPs via the reduction of gold ions. The biologically synthesized AuNPs (AuNPs1, AuNPs2, AuNPs3) were prepared in 3 different forms through the utilization of three different ratios of EPS-reducing agents. AuNPs analysis confirmed the spherical shape of the EPS-coated AuNPs. Furthermore, AuNPs prepared by EPS and
l
-ascorbic acid (AuNPs3) showed more stability than the AuNPs colloidal solution that was prepared using only
l
-ascorbic acid. Analysis of the antimicrobial effects of AuNPs showed that
E. coli
was the most sensitive bacterial species for AuNPs3 and AuNPs1 with inhibition percentages of 88.92 and 83.13%, respectively. Also, safety assay results revealed that AuNPs3 was the safest biogenic AuNPs for the tested noncancerous cell line. The anticancer assays of the biogenic AuNPs1, AuNPs2, and AuNPs3 against MCF-7 cell line indicated that this cell line was the most sensitive cell line to all treatments and it showed inhibition percentages of 66.2%, 57.3%, and 70.2% to the three tested AuNPs, respectively. The AuNPs also showed abilities to arrest MCF-7 cells in the S phase (77.34%) and increased the cellular population in the sub G0 phase. Gene expression analysis showed that AuNPs3 down regulated Bcl2, Ikapα, and Survivn genes in MCF-7 treated-cells. Also, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of MCf-7 cells revealed that AuNPs 3 and AuNPs2 were localized in cell vacuoles, cytoplasm, and perinuclear region.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is used to produce polycarbonate plastic and epoxy resins which are used in many consumer products. Most people encounter BPA in their daily routines. However, it has been heavily ...reported that BPA has a neurotoxic effect. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of lycopene on cognitive deficits induced by a high dose of BPA focusing on mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and memory retrieval in adult male rats. Therefore, 72 rats were divided into four groups: control group, BPA group (50 mg/kg body weight (bw)) 3 days a week for 42 days, lycopene group (10 mg/kg bw) daily for 42 days, and lycopene + BPA group. Concurrent treatment of lycopene with BPA improved the learning and cognition memory in Morris water maze and novel object recognition tests along with an increase in acetylcholine esterase activity as well as inhibition of oxidative stress by restoring reduced glutathione and suppressing malondialdehyde hippocampal level to their normal levels. Mechanistically, lycopene upregulated the protein expression of tyrosine receptor kinase B, which resulted in an upsurge in its downstream cascades MAPK/ERK1/2/cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB)/brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling pathway in the hippocampus of BPA-intoxicated rats. Furthermore, concurrent treatment of lycopene with BPA prevented apoptosis by marked decrease in Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) gene expression and caspase 3 activity while restoring B-cell leukemia/lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) gene expression. In conclusion, the present study provided evidence that lycopene exerted a neuroprotective effect against BPA intoxication in hippocampi of rats via its antioxidant properties, activation of MAPK/ERK pathway, and inhibiting a neuronal apoptosis which reflected on improving the learning and cognition memory.
Phosphogypsum (PG), the waste byproduct resulting from wet process phosphoric acid production, is employed as a selective and effective adsorbent for total rare earth elements (REEs) from aqueous ...solution and leach liquor. The elaboration of PG adsorbent complemented after some physical treatments. Adsorption and elution studies carried out in experimental batches, including the effect of pH, adsorbent dose, initial REE concentration, and equilibrium time. Adsorption of REEs onto PG fitted well with Langmuir isotherm with a theoretical capacity surpassed 357 mg/g. REEs were effectively eluted from loaded PG with 2 mol L
−1
HCl acid with an efficiency of 94%. PG showed an outstanding selectivity towards REEs in the presence of many cations and anions, for instance (Fe
3+
, UO
2
2+
, Ca
2+
, SO
4
2−
, NO
3
−
). Different qualitative techniques such as EDS, SEM, and FTIR used to emphasize the adsorption of REEs onto PG. The film diffusion model was the preponderant adsorption mechanism for REEs; also, the adsorption process has a good accordance with pseudo-second-order kinetic model.
The polymeric material polyvinyl pyrrolidine/carboxymethyl cellulose (PVP/CMC) was mixed with different quantities of tungsten-trioxide nanoparticles (WO
NPs). The samples were created using the ...casting method and Pulsed Laser Ablation (PLA). The manufactured samples were analyzed by utilizing various methods. The halo peak of the PVP/CMC was located at 19.65°, confirming its semi-crystalline nature, as shown in the XRD analysis. FT-IR spectra of pure PVP/CMC composite and PVP/CMC composite incorporated with various contents of WO
obtained a shift in band locations and change in intensity. Optical band gap was calculated via UV-Vis spectra, which decreased when increasing the laser-ablation time. Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) curves showed that samples' thermal stability had improved. The frequency-dependent composite films were used to determine AC conductivity of the generated films. When increasing the content of tungsten-trioxide nanoparticles, both (ε') and (ε'') increased. The incorporation of tungsten trioxide enhanced the ionic conductivity of PVP/CMC/WO
nano-composite to a maximum of 10
S/c. It is expected that these studies will have a significant impact on several utilizations, such as energy storage, polymer organic semiconductors, and polymer solar cells.
By one-step Laser Ablation of a erbium plate dipped in Carboxymethyl cellulose/Polyvinyl alcohol (CMC/PVA ((50/50 wt %) solution, Er2O3NBs were fabricated. The Physical characterization of the ...produced nanocomposite films were performed via different technique. In addition. The electrical conductivity and dielectric properties for the prepared CMC/PVA/ErO3NPs have been investigated. FT-IR showed rapidly decreased in most peaks intensities after embedded of ErO3, which approve the complexationbetween CMC/PVA and Er2O3 NPs. The values of energygap were decreased by increasing the content of Er2O3NPs in CMC/PVA and increasing the laser ablation duration to 20 min, achieving 3.29 eV and 1.51 eV, respectively. AC results confirms the modification after the incorporation of Er2O3 NPs. The results show that using Er2O3 NPs make improvement in both electrical, thermal, and optical characteristics of the composite.
•CMC/PVA/Er2O3 NPs films well prepared by using PLAL process.•XRD approved the embedding of Er2O3 NPs in CMC/PVA is crystalline structure.•UV–Vis showed the appearing of SPR absorption peak of the embedded Er2O3 NPs.•FE-SEM scans show a clear change confirming the doping of Er2O3 NPs on the surface.•Values of σac′ are increased as ablation time increased at higher frequencies.
