Due to the unique soil and morphological conditions prevailing in Izmir Bay basin, structural damage has been governed by site effects. Consistently, during October 30, 2020 M7.0 Samos Earthquake, ...which took place offshore of Samos Island, structural damage and life losses were observed to be concentrated in Bayrakli region of Izmir Bay, despite the fact that the fault rupture was at a distance of 65–75 km from the city of Izmir. Additionally, strong ground motions recorded in Izmir Bay showed unique site amplifications that were observed surprisingly at both rock and soil sites. Soil amplifications and duration elongations were mostly due to site effects governed by the response of very deep alluvial deposits of low plasticity. Similarly, due to very extensive faulting-induced fracturing and unusually stratified nature of rock sub-layers, unexpected long period amplifications were also observed at rock sites. These earthquake and site resonance effects were more pronounced in the period range of 0.5–1.5 s. When they were superposed with relatively coinciding natural period of 7–9 story residential buildings of Izmir City, it was concluded that the triple resonance effects among incoming rock ground motions, soil deposits, and the damaged buildings, amplified and prolonged the overall system response. Within the confines of this manuscript, the governing role of site effects leading to increased seismic demand was assessed, through a series of 1D equivalent linear, total stress-based site response assessments, the results of which clearly highlighted the variation of seismic demand in Izmir Bay.
•Samos Island earthquake produced rich long period rock spectral accelerations.•Deep soil sites in Izmir Bay, amplified these long period rich rock motions.•Due to resonance effects, 7-9 story buildings were subjected to larger shakings.•Site effects increased seismic demand and prolonged shaking duration.•These, along with poor design-construction practices caused structural damage.
•Millets, a crop with excellent nutrition but poor functional characteristics.•Modification improves functionality of proteins by denaturation, degradation.•Challenge to formulate millet-based foods ...due to supramolecular interactions.•Potential to serve delivery carrier, futuristic foods, meat analogues etc.
The increase in human population brings major concerns related to food sustainability, security and nutrition across the globe. This led to massive efforts to explore protein-rich foods as potential candidates for future foods and investigate innovative green and sustainable processing techniques. Millet, a drought-resistant crop, is a promising candidate of future foods due to its unique agricultural performance and excellent nutritional profile. Nevertheless, its undesirable properties i.e., astringency and bitterness pose a challenge in formulating millet-based foods. In this review, a multi-disciplinary approach focussed on modification techniques including physical, chemical, biological and novel has been presented. Also, the challenges faced by food processors to formulate millet based futuristic foods and applications of modified millet proteins have been included. The modification leads to denaturation or degradation which alters three-dimensional structure and break down of proteins in smaller fragments respectively making it attractive option as a delivery carrier and protein rich food to address food insecurity.
Cisplatin is an important antineoplastic drug used in multiple chemotherapeutic regimens but unfortunately causes serious toxic effects as ovarian and uterine toxicity. This study aimed to ...investigate the potential protective effect of resveratrol (RSV) against cisplatin-induced ovarian and uterine toxicity in female rats. Thirty-two female Wistar rats were divided randomly into four groups (n = 8 in each). Control group received oral normal saline for 28 days; RSV group received RSV (10 mg/kg; daily) via oral gavage; CIS group received a single dose of CIS (7 mg/kg; i.p.) on the 21st day; (CIS + RSV) group received both RSV and CIS by the same schedules and doses of RSV and CIS groups, respectively. Results demonstrated a significant decrease in MDA level and a significant increase in both glutathione content and activity of the antioxidant enzymes GPx, SOD, and CAT in the tissues of the ovary and uterus of CIS + RSV group in comparison to that of CIS group (P<0.05), also there are significantly decreased tissue levels of the proinflammatory cytokines and enzymes (NF-κB, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, COX-2, and iNOS), increased estradiol, progesterone, prolactin and decreased FSH serum levels in CIS + RSV group compared to CIS group (P < 0.05). Moreover, there is downregulation of tissues Cleaved Caspase-3, NF-κB and Cox-2 proteins as shown in Western blot analysis, also apoptosis was significantly inhibited, evidenced by downregulation of Bax and upregulation of Bcl-2 proteins, and the ovarian and uterine histological architecture and integrity were maintained in CIS + RSV group compared to CIS group. In conclusion, these findings indicate that RSV has beneficial effects in ameliorating cisplatin-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in the ovarian and uterine tissues of female rats.
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•Ovarian and uterine toxicity is one of the major adverse effects of cisplatin.•Resveratrol ameliorates the oxidative stress in the ovarian and uterine tissues.•Resveratrol decreases the levels of proinflammatory cytokines and enzymes.•Resveratrol inhibits apoptosis via decreasing expression of Bax and upregulation of Bcl-2 proteins.•Resveratrol preserves histoarchitecture and minimize cisplatin-induced ovarian and uterine damage.
