The identification of physiological loads imposed by soccer training or match play reveals essential information, which may help improve training and recovery strategies. Until today, the use of ...heart rate (HR) monitoring is not standardized in soccer. Thus, the aim of this review was to analyze, determine and compare the exercise intensity (EI) monitored by HR in professional, youth, and recreational soccer players during matches and training sessions using a meta-analysis. Heart rate is one of the most common physiological variables used to determine exercise internal training load. The mean EI recorded during competitive matches was described as 70-80% of VO2max or 80-90% of maximal heart rate (HRmax), independent of the playing level. With respect to HR training zones, approximately 65% of the total match duration is spent at intensity of 70-90% HRmax and rarely below 65% HRmax. However, although HRmax is mostly employed in the literature, monitoring EI should be expressed in relation to reserve heart rate, as it was described as a more reliable indicator of HR, allowing interindividual comparisons. The HR response according to the playing position indicates that midfielders are characterized by the highest EI, followed by forwards and fullbacks. Moreover, in the second half of the match, the EI is lower than that observed during the first half; this reduction could be correlated with the level of the player's physical conditioning. Consequently, coaches may favor the use of interval training or small-sided training games because these are shown to improve both aerobic capacity and the ability to repeat high-intensity actions. Small-sided games allow reaching similar HR responses to those found during interval training and match play but with greater heterogeneity values. Future investigations should include a larger sample of players with special reference to playing position and the expression of EI in percentage of the reserve heart rate, analyzing the possible intergender differences in HR response.
Anorexia nervosa has been presented in the literature primarily as a disease affecting adolescent females. Although few cases are described involving older women, this appears to be related to a lack ...of recognition and identification. Given an understanding of the pathophysiology, the signs and symptoms, behaviors, psychological profile, and family dynamics, the clinical nurse specialist (CNS) is in a unique position to assess clients and provide intervention, including referrals. Through the clinical findings illustrated by the case study, the potential areas of intervention by the CNS can be extrapolated. First and foremost, anorexia nervosa must be seen as occurring outside the traditional age range and continuing into later adulthood.
We describe the public ESO near-IR variability survey (VVV) scanning the Milky Way bulge and an adjacent section of the mid-plane where star formation activity is high. The survey will take 1929 ...hours of observations with the 4-metre VISTA telescope during five years (2010-2014), covering ~10^9 point sources across an area of 520 deg^2, including 33 known globular clusters and ~350 open clusters. The final product will be a deep near-IR atlas in five passbands (0.9-2.5 microns) and a catalogue of more than 10^6 variable point sources. Unlike single-epoch surveys that, in most cases, only produce 2-D maps, the VVV variable star survey will enable the construction of a 3-D map of the surveyed region using well-understood distance indicators such as RR Lyrae stars, and Cepheids. It will yield important information on the ages of the populations. The observations will be combined with data from MACHO, OGLE, EROS, VST, Spitzer, HST, Chandra, INTEGRAL, WISE, Fermi LAT, XMM-Newton, GAIA and ALMA for a complete understanding of the variable sources in the inner Milky Way. This public survey will provide data available to the whole community and therefore will enable further studies of the history of the Milky Way, its globular cluster evolution, and the population census of the Galactic Bulge and center, as well as the investigations of the star forming regions in the disk. The combined variable star catalogues will have important implications for theoretical investigations of pulsation properties of stars.
Pitomba (Talisia esculenta Radlk.) is a Brazilian exotic fruit consumed specially in the Amazonian region. Because of its large consumption and also due to the lack of knowledge regarding its ...chemical composition, pitomba fruit was studied in relation to its phenolic and aroma constitution. Using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS), 13 phenolic compounds (catechins, flavonoids and organic acids) were tentatively identified by comparison with standards and by fragmentation patterns. A validated method was applied to quantify common phenolic compounds of the pitomba pulp, for which quinic acid was the main compound (507.8±7.4μgg−1 DWP). Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was employed along with headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) to assess the aroma composition of pitomba fruit. A total of 27 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were tentatively identified for pitomba fruit, for which 2-phenethyl acetate (17.89%) and isopentyl acetate (13.43%) esters were the main VOCs, contributing to the characteristic aroma of pitomba. The antioxidant capacity of the extract of pitomba fruit was evaluated by ABTS, DPPH and ORAC assays. We observed that pitomba has a moderate antioxidant activity.
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•Tentative identification of 13 phenolic compounds by LC–QTOF-MS/MS•Quantification of nine different phenolic compounds UHPLCLC–SRM-MS/MS (SRM) method•HS-SPME/GC–MS of 27 VOCs in pitomba's aroma•Antioxidant determinations of the pulp extract•First report about the chemical composition of this Amazonian exotic fruit
To determine factors associated with loss of good vision (defined as Snellen visual acuity VA < 20/40) after surgery among eyes presenting with macula-on primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment ...(RRD) with initial VA ≥20/40.
Multicenter, retrospective, cohort study of eyes undergoing scleral buckle (SB), pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), or combined pars plana vitrectomy/scleral buckle (PPV/SB) for non-complex macula-on RRD with initial VA ≥20/40.
Among 646 eyes with macula-on RRDs with initial VA ≥20/40, 106 (16.4%) had VA <20/40 (i.e. lost good vision) at final follow-up. Eyes losing good vision had slightly worse pre-operative logMAR VA (mean 0.15 ± 0.10 20/28) compared to eyes that preserved good vision (mean 0.11 ± 0.10 20/26) (p = 0.004). RRDs extending greater than 6 clock-hours were more likely to lose good vision than smaller detachments (multivariate OR 4.57 95% CI 1.44-14.51; p = 0.0099). Compared to eyes repaired with SB alone, eyes undergoing PPV (multivariate OR 7.22 95% CI 2.10-24.90; p = 0.0017) or PPV/SB (multivariate OR 10.74 95% CI 3.20-36.11; p = 0.0001) were each more likely to lose good vision. Eyes requiring further RRD-related (multivariate OR 8.64 95% CI 1.47-50.66; p < 0.017) and non-RRD related vitreoretinal surgery (multivariate OR 14.35 95% CI 5.39-38.21; p < 0.0001) were more likely to lose good vision.
Among macula-on RRDs, loss of good vision was associated with worse vision on presentation, vitrectomy-based procedures, greater extent of detachment, and lack of single surgery success. Understanding predictors of visual outcome in macula-on RRD repair may guide pre-operative counseling regarding visual prognosis.
MyoD belongs to a small family of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors implicated in skeletal muscle lineage determination and differentiation. Previously, we identified a transcriptional ...enhancer that regulates the embryonic expression of the human myoD gene. This enhancer had been localized to a 4 kb fragment located 18 to 22 kb upstream of the myoD transcriptional start site. We now present a molecular characterization of this enhancer. Transgenic and transfection analyses localize the myoD enhancer to a core sequence of 258 bp. In transgenic mice, this enhancer directs expression of a lacZ reporter gene to skeletal muscle compartments in a spatiotemporal pattern indistinguishable from the normal myoD expression domain, and distinct from expression patterns reported for the other myogenic factors. In contrast to the myoD promoter, the myoD enhancer shows striking conservation between humans and mice both in its sequence and its distal position. Furthermore, a myoD enhancer/heterologous promoter construct exhibits muscle-specific expression in transgenic mice, demonstrating that the myoD promoter is dispensable for myoD activation. With the exception of E-boxes, the myoD enhancer has no apparent sequence similarity with regulatory regions of other characterized muscle-specific structural or regulatory genes. Mutation of these E-boxes, however, does not affect the pattern of lacZ transgene expression, suggesting that myoD activation in the embryo is E-box-independent. DNase I protection assays reveal multiple nuclear protein binding sites in the core enhancer, although none are strictly muscle-specific. Interestingly, extracts from myoblasts and 10T1/2 fibroblasts yield identical protection profiles, indicating a similar complement of enhancer-binding factors in muscle and this non-muscle cell type. However, a clear difference exists between myoblasts and 10T1/2 cells (and other non-muscle cell types) in the chromatin structure of the chromosomal myoD core enhancer, suggesting that the myoD enhancer is repressed by epigenetic mechanisms in 10T1/2 cells. These data indicate that myoD activation is regulated at multiple levels by mechanisms that are distinct from those controlling other characterized muscle-specific genes.
The region of star formation in the ϱ Ophiuchi dark cloud has been mapped with a three-band far-infrared photometer flown on a balloon-borne telescope. The maps provide further detail on the spatial ...and temperature structure of known sources, in addition to detecting several others which have not been detected previously in the far-infrared. Surveys carried out at shorter wavelengths (with a view to determining how the range of spectral types formed is related to conditions within the region) have detected numerous stars embedded in this cloud. However, it has been difficult to differentiate between main-sequence and pre-main-sequence objects in some cases where the absorption of the cloud is uncertain. A number of these problems are resolved with measurements of source-luminosities in the far-infrared. It is concluded from the observations that quiescent conditions in the cloud favour the development of low-mass stars, whereas the formation of massive objects to the west has been triggered by some local disturbance.
Anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy (AIC) may be irreversible with a poor prognosis, disproportionately affecting women and young adults. Administration of allogeneic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal ...stromal cells (allo-MSCs) is a promising approach to heart failure (HF) treatment.
SENECA (Stem Cell Injection in Cancer Survivors) was a phase 1 study of allo-MSCs in AIC.
Cancer survivors with chronic AIC (mean age 56.6 years; 68% women; NT-proBNP 1,426 pg/ml; 6 enrolled in an open-label, lead-in phase and 31 subjects randomized 1:1) received 1 × 10
allo-MSCs or vehicle transendocardially. Primary objectives were safety and feasibility. Secondary efficacy measures included cardiac function and structure measured by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR), functional capacity, quality of life (Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire), and biomarkers.
A total of 97% of subjects underwent successful study product injections; all allo-MSC-assigned subjects received the target dose of cells. Follow-up visits were well-attended (92%) with successful collection of endpoints in 94% at the 1-year visit. Although 58% of subjects had non-CMR compatible devices, CMR endpoints were successfully collected in 84% of subjects imaged at 1 year. No new tumors were reported. There were no significant differences between allo-MSC and vehicle groups with regard to clinical outcomes. Secondary measures included 6-min walk test (p = 0.056) and Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire score (p = 0.048), which tended to favor the allo-MSC group.
In this first-in-human study of cell therapy in patients with AIC, transendocardial administration of allo-MSCs appears safe and feasible, and CMR was successfully performed in the majority of the HF patients with devices. This study lays the groundwork for phase 2 trials aimed at assessing efficacy of cell therapy in patients with AIC.
An analysis is presented of 72 T Tau stars identified by IRAS in the Tau-Aur complex. The composite energy distributions of the stars are constructed to define bolometric luminosities and the ...luminosity components in different spectral regimes are separated. The near- to far-IR spectral indices of these stars are analyzed. It is shown that 2/3 of typical T Tau stars have a bolometric to stellar luminosity ratio of about 1.0, which implies no appreciable disks. The distribution is bimodal, however, with a second peak at about 2.0, suggesting that 1/3 of the stars have disks. The bolometric luminosities of the north and south components of T Tau are found to be in the range of 9-21 solar luminosities and 1.5-14 solar luminosities for T Tau N and T Tau S, respectively.
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