Propolis is a complex natural compound that honeybees obtain from plants and contributes to hive safety. It is rich in phenolic and flavonoid compounds, which contain antioxidant, antimicrobial, and ...anticancer properties. In this study, the chemical composition and antioxidant activities of propolis were investigated; ABTS
, DPPH
and DMPD
were prepared using radical scavenging antioxidant methods. The phenolic and flavonoid contents of propolis were 53 mg of gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g and 170.164 mg of quercetin equivalent (QE)/g, respectively. The ferric ion (Fe
) reduction, CUPRAC and FRAP reduction capacities were also studied. The antioxidant and reducing capacities of propolis were compared with those of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), α-tocopherol and Trolox reference standards. The half maximal inhibition concentration (IC
) values of propolis for ABTS
, DPPH
and DMPD
scavenging activities were found to be 8.15, 20.55 and 86.64 μg/mL, respectively. Propolis extract demonstrated IC
values of 3.7, 3.4 and 19.6 μg/mL against α-glycosidase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and carbonic anhydrase II (hCA II) enzyme, respectively. These enzymes' inhibition was associated with diabetes, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and glaucoma. The reducing power, antioxidant activity and enzyme inhibition capacity of propolis extract were comparable to those demonstrated by the standards. Twenty-eight phenolic compounds, including acacetin, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, naringenin, chrysin, quinic acid, quercetin, and ferulic acid, were determined by LC-MS/MS to be major organic compounds in propolis. The polyphenolic antioxidant-rich content of the ethanol extract of propolis appears to be a natural product that can be used in the treatment of diabetes, AD, glaucoma, epilepsy, and cancerous diseases.
Objectives
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular problems, including complications such as conduction defects and arrhythmias, which might lead to increased ...morbidity and/or mortality. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the electrocardiographic (ECG) parameters, including T-peak to T-end intervals (Tpe), Tpe/corrected QT (QTc) ratio, heart rate variability (HRV), and heart rate turbulence (HRT) in AS patients.
Methods
Seventy-six AS patients and 55 control subjects were included in the study. 12-lead ECG and 24-h Holter monitoring recordings were obtained. Tpe and Tpe/QTc were measured using the 12-lead ECG and HRV and HRT parameters were assessed using 24-h Holter ECG recordings. Subjects were assigned into three groups based on their HRT parameters (Tonset (TO) and Tslope (TS)) (HRT-0, normal TO or TS; HRT-1, abnormal TO or TS; HRT-2, abnormal TO and TS).
Results
Tpe was prolonged and Tpe/QTc ratio was higher in AS patients (
p
< 0.001 for both). Moreover, Tpe and Tpe/QTc ratio significantly correlated with disease duration. All HRV parameters (VLF, LF, HF, SDNN, SDANN, ASDNN, rMSSD, pNN50) were decreased in AS patients in comparison with those in control subjects (
p
< 0.05 for all parameters). Controls were significantly more likely to have normal TO and TS (82% vs 53%,
p
< 0.001). There was negative correlation between Holter parameters and disease duration, as well as Tpe and Tpe/QTc ratio (
p
< 0.05 for all parameters).
Conclusions
This study demonstrated that AS patients have disrupted ventricular repolarization (increased Tpe, Tpe/QTc ratio). Results suggest a decreased cardiac impact of the parasympathetic system in AS patients.
Key Points
• This study demonstrated that AS patients have disrupted ventricular repolarization.
• The study also finds that heart rate turbulence and heart rate variability are impaired in AS patients.
• Impaired Holter and ECG parameters may be one of the high cardiovascular risk factors in AS patients.
In this cross-sectional study, optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) findings were compared in patients with gout (
= 30) and healthy participants (
= 32). The superficial and deep vessel ...density variables measured using OCT-A were compared between the groups. The superficial foveal and perifoveal vessel densities of the patient group were lower than those of the healthy participants (
= 0.014 and
= 0.045, respectively). However, all superficial and parafoveal vessel densities were similar in both groups (
= 0.469 and
= 0.284, respectively). The deep capillary plexus density measurements of the whole-zone, foveal, parafoveal, and perifoveal vessel densities using OCT-A revealed no significant differences between the groups (
= 0.251,
= 0.074,
= 0.177, and
= 0.881, respectively). A higher serum uric acid (SUA) level was found to be independently associated with a decreased superficial capillary plexus density and an increased choriocapillary flow deficit in the study population. Men were less sensitive to high SUA levels than women. These findings suggest that an elevated uric acid concentration may play a role in the development and progression of cardiovascular disease through changes in the microvasculature, as shown by the OCT-A parameters.
1,3‐Diheterocycloalkanes derivatives are important starting materials in fine organic synthesis. These compounds can be widely used in various fields such as industry, medicine, biotechnology and ...chemical technology. The paper is focused on synthesis and study of alkoxymethyl derivatives of diheterocycloalkanes (M1–M15) and inhibition effect on carbonic anhydrase and acetylcholinesterase. The structures of compounds were confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Also, in this study alkoxymethyl derivatives of diheterocycloalkanes were assessed for their influence on various metabolic enzymes, including acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and human carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes (hCA I and hCA II). The results demonstrated that all these compounds exhibited potent inhibitory effects on all the target enzymes, surpassing the standard inhibitors, as evidenced by their IC50 and Ki values. The Ki values for the compounds concerning AChE, hCA I, and hCA II enzymes were in the ranges of 1.02±0.17–8.38±1.02, 15.30±3.15–58.14±5.17 and 24.05±3.70–312.94±27.24 nM, respectively.
The present study aims to perform a comprehensive chemical characterization of the essential oils of Thymus pubescens var. pubescens (TPEO), Thymus leucotrichus var. leucotrichus (TLEO), and the ...endemic Thymus canoviridis (TCEO) using GC-MS, besides evaluating the potential antidiabetic, anticholinesterase, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiglocouma, and antityrosinase activities of these essential oils. The antioxidant activity was assessed using various bioassays including DPPH, ABTS, DMPD, FRAP, CUPRAC, and Fe
3+
reducing assays. The IC
50
values of TPEO, TLEO, and TCEO for α-glycosidase were 28.32, 28.79, and 57.57 μg/mL, respectively. For tyrosinase, the IC
50
values were 359.9, 270.87, and 597.43 μg/mL, respectively. The IC
50
values for acetylcholinesterase were calculated as 44.15, 36.75, and 34.99 μg/mL, respectively, while for carbonic anhydrase, the IC
50
values were 21.70, 24.75, and 24.45 μg/mL, respectively. The quantitiy of total phenolics present in TPEO, TLEO, and TCEO were determined to be 10.50, 34.50, and 32.50 μg GAE/mg essential oil, respectively. The TPEO, TLEO, and TCEO exhibited distinct antioxidant activities on DPPH, ABTS, and DMPD. TPEO showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Acinetobacter baumannii bacterias. TLEO exhibited effective antimicrobial activity against S. aureus; The last of these TCEO demonstrated notable antimicrobial activity towards S. aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. mirabilis, A. baumannii. Additionaly, GC-MS revealed that the major components are TPEO (pulegone 29.01%, piperitenone 17.17%), TLEO (germacrene D 9.59%), and TCEO (carvacrol 52.87%). The essential oils possessed a range of biological activities, including antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticholinesterase, antityrosinase, antiglocouma and antimicrobial activities.
The aim of this study was to determine whether there is any association with anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agent administration and development of new-onset inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in ...ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients.
Records of the patients who met 1984 modified New York criteria for AS between 1998 and 2016 at Rheumatology Department were evaluated retrospectively and data about the patients, IBD properties and medication were obtained.
Among 420 patients, 310 were male, the average age was 42.9 ± 1.3 years, average disease duration was 16.7 ± 10.4 years. Anti-TNF agents were in use by 154 patients, 52 patients were receiving etanercept (ETN), infliximab (INF), adalimumab (ADA), and golimumab (GO) treatments were ongoing in 50, 41, and 11 patients, respectively. New-onset IBD developed in 10 patients; 3 from the group treated with non-anti-TNF drugs (1.1%) and 7 from the group treated with anti-TNF agents (4.5%) (p = 0.042). No significant difference was detected between three anti-TNF agent forms in relation with the risk of IBD onset. In AS patients, existence of familial AS (OR 4.69 (95%CI 1.28-17.19, p = 0.020) and anti-TNF agent treatment (OR 4.17 (95%CI 1.06-16.38, p = 0.041) were independent risk factors for new-onset IBD development.
Despite the increased risk of new-onset IBD development during the course of AS, paradoxical response to anti-TNF drugs must also be considered as a source that triggers onset of IBD.
Although rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is most commonly associated with peripheral joints, cervical spine involvement can be seen in almost 80% of patients in the presence of long-term disease, joint ...erosion, and risk factors such as male sex and rheumatoid factor positivity. It is very rare to have cervical involvement in the initial period of RA. If a patient has isolated cervical spine involvement without peripheral arthritis, it is highly likely that inappropriate investigations and delayed treatment may occur. Any damage that occurs in cervical spine may cause symptoms varying from slight instability to atlantoaxial subluxation, spinal cord and brain stem compression and even death. Therefore, physician should be aware that there may be isolated cervical involvement, albeit rare, in patients with RA. In this report, we presented a case of RA presenting with cervical spine involvement without peripheral arthritis to underline the importance of this kind of involvement in clinical practice. We also briefly reviewed other cases similar to ours in light of literature.
Coumestrol (3,9-dihydroxy-6-benzofuran 3,2-c chromenone) as a phytoestrogen and polyphenolic compound is a member of the Coumestans family and is quite common in plants. In this study, antiglaucoma, ...antidiabetic, anticholinergic, and antioxidant effects of Coumestrol were evaluated and compared with standards. To determine the antioxidant activity of coumestrol, several methods-namely N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride radical (DMPD
)-scavenging activity, 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate) radical (ABTS
)-scavenging activity, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH
)-scavenging activity, potassium ferric cyanide reduction ability, and cupric ion (Cu
)-reducing activity-were performed. Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), Trolox, α-Tocopherol, and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) were used as the reference antioxidants for comparison. Coumestrol scavenged the DPPH radical with an IC
value of 25.95 μg/mL (r
: 0.9005) while BHA, BHT, Trolox, and α-Tocopherol demonstrated IC
values of 10.10, 25.95, 7.059, and 11.31 μg/mL, respectively. When these results evaluated, Coumestrol had similar DPPH
-scavenging effect to BHT and lower better than Trolox, BHA and α-tocopherol. In addition, the inhibition effects of Coumestrol were tested against the metabolic enzymes acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), carbonic anhydrase II (CA II), and α-glycosidase, which are associated with some global diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), glaucoma, and diabetes. Coumestrol exhibited K
values of 10.25 ± 1.94, 5.99 ± 1.79, 25.41 ± 1.10, and 30.56 ± 3.36 nM towards these enzymes, respectively.
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