After a short historical overview of past systematic studies on
Cantharellus
, discussing delimitation and species diversity of the genus as well as previous, morphology-based, infrageneric ...classifications, this paper presents the first molecularly-based infrageneric classification of this genus using a multigene phylogenetic approach (nucLSU, mitSSU, RPB2 and
tef-1
) on a dataset that covers approximately halve of the described chanterelles worldwide, including many type specimens. Six subgenera are recognized and the recognition of subgenus
Afrocantharellus
as a separate genus is not accepted. The taxonomic value of individual morphological features is discussed as challenged by this new multigene phylogeny which comprises five new sections, one new subgenus and many emendations for previously recognized infrageneric groups. The paper discusses the observed discrepancy in biodiversity of
Cantharellus
when comparing between studies that focus either on below- or above-ground presence. A preliminary biogeographic hypothesis suggests an ‘out of Africa’ Gondwanan origin as a result of vicariance and subsequent migrations.
We studied the taxonomy of Pluteus podospileus and similar species using morphological and molecular (nrITS, TEF1-α) data, including a detailed study of the type collections of P. inflatus var. ...alneus, Pluteus minutissimus f. major, and P. granulatus var. tenellus. Within the P. podospileus complex, we phylogenetically confirmed six species in Europe, five in Asia, and eight in North America. Based on our results, we recognize P. seticeps as a separate species occurring in North America, while P. podospileus is limited to Eurasia. We describe six new species and a new variety: P. absconditus, P. fuscodiscus, P. gausapatus, P. inexpectatus, P. millsii, and P. notabilis and its variety, P. notabilis var. insignis. We elevate Pluteus seticeps var. cystidiosus to species rank as Pluteus cystidiosus. Based on the holotype of P. inflatus var. alneus, collections of P. inflatus identified by Velenovský, and several modern collections, we resurrect the name P. inflatus. Based on molecular analyses of syntypes of Pluteus minutissimus f. major and a holotype of Pluteus granulatus var. tenellus, we synonymize them under P. inflatus. We also increase our knowledge about the morphology and distribution of P. cutefractus.
Using the basic GenBank local alignment search tool program (BLAST) to identify fungi collected in a recently protected beech forest at Montricher (Switzerland), the number of ITS sequences ...associated to the wrong taxon name appears to be around 30%, even higher than previously estimated. Such results rely on the in-depth re-examination of BLAST results for the most interesting species that were collected, viz. first records for Switzerland, rare or patrimonial species and problematic species (when BLAST top scores were equally high for different species), all belonging to Agaricomycotina. This paper dissects for the first time a number of sequence-based identifications, thereby showing in every detail—particularly to the user community of taxonomic information—why sequence-based identification in the context of a fungal inventory can easily go wrong. Our first conclusion is that in-depth examination of BLAST results is too time consuming to be considered as a routine approach for future inventories: we spent two months on verification of approx. 20 identifications. Apart from the fact that poor taxon coverage in public depositories remains the principal impediment for successful species identification, it can be deplored that even very recent fungal sequence deposits in GenBank involve an uncomfortably high number of misidentifications or errors with associated metadata. While checking the original publications associated with top score sequences for the few examples that were here re-examined, a positive consequence is that we uncovered over 80 type sequences that were not annotated as types in GenBank. Advantages and pitfalls of sequence-based identification are discussed, particularly in the light of undertaking fungal inventories. Recommendations are made to avoid or reduce some of the major problems with sequence-based identification. Nevertheless, the prospects for a more reliable sequence-based identification of fungi remain quite dim, unless authors are ready to check and update the metadata associated with previously deposited sequences in their publications.
Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows:
,
from permafrost,
from an unidentified marine sponge.
,
on humus in mixed forest.
, Golovinomyces ...glandulariae on
on leaves of
on leaves of
on leaves of
,
on soil,
on rotten stalks of
on leaf litter covered soil,
(incl.
gen. nov.) on
in soil,
from pod of
,
on soil.
,
on resin of
,
on leaves of
,
from carbonatite in Karst cave.
,
on leaves of
,
on wood.
,
on calcareous substrate.
,
and
var.
on soil.
,
on dead wood.
,
in soil.
,
(incl.
ord. nov. and
gen. nov.) and
on needles of
,
on stems of
on
on
sp.
,
on forest floor.
,
from saline water.
,
on fallen branch of deciduous tree,
on decaying deciduous wood or soil.
,
and
(incl.
gen. nov.) on leaves of
sp.,
on leaf spots of
×
on leaves of
on leaf litter of
,
(incl.
gen. nov.) on leaf litter of
,
on leaves of
,
(incl.
gen. nov. and
fam. nov.) on leaves of
,
and
on leaves of
sp.,
on leaves of
subsp.
,
on leaf litter of
sp.,
pota
(incl.
pota
gen. nov.) on leaves of
,
on
,
on leaves of
,
and
on leaves of
sp.,
(incl.
gen. nov.) on leaves of
,
on leaf litter of
,
(incl.
gen. nov.) on leaf spots of
sp.,
(incl.
gen. nov. and
fam. nov.) on leaves of
,
on leaf spots of
sp.,
from dog food,
(incl.
gen. nov.) on leaves of
,
on leaf spots of
,
and
on leaves of
,
on leaves of
,
on leaves of
,
(incl.
gen. nov.) on leaves of
,
from rotting wood in goldmine,
on
,
on soil,
on a living twig of
,
in fluvial sediments,
on dead attached twig of
,
on soil,
on leaf litter of
,
in soil,
in soil,
on submerged plant debris.
,
on cicada nymph,
on spider,
on leaves of
sp.,
on cicada nymph.
,
and
on culms of
,
from air sample,
and
on leaves of
×
,
on leaves of
sp
,
from sediment in a mine,
from sediment in a railroad tunnel,
on soil,
on leaf of
,
and
on soil. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes.
Les holotypes des espèces africaines Cantharellus symoensii Heinem., C. platyphyllus Heinem. et C. floridulus Heinem. sont révisés. Des récoltes récentes de C. symoensii et C. floridulus, provenant ...de Zambie et du Burundi, sont aussi décrites. C. heinemannianus Eyssartier & Buyck sp. nov. et C. platyphyllus f. cyanescens (Buyck) Eyssartier & Buyck comb, et stat. nov. sont proposés. Contribution to the systematics of the genus Cantharellus in tropical Africa : study of some red-pigmented species. — The type specimens of the African species Cantharellus symoensii Heinem., C. platyphyllus Heinem. and C. floridulus Heinem. are revised. Recent collections of C. symoensii and C. floridulus, from Zambia and Burundi, are described also. C. heinemannianus Eyssartier & Buyck sp. nov. and platyphyllus f. cyanescens (Buyck) Eyssartier & Buyck comb, et stat. nov. are proposed.
This revision of cuboid-spored
Entoloma in Madagascar is based on the examination of type material described earlier by Romagnesi and new collections made by the first two authors.
Entoloma ...pseudoheimii sp. nov. and
E. rufovinascens sp. nov. are described, and two new combinations made:
E. cuboidosporum var.
chromostomum, and
E. heimii combs nov. A key to the madagascarian cuboid-spored species of
Entoloma is provided.
This revision of cuboid-spored Entoloma in Madagascar is based on the examination of type material described earlier by Romagnesi and new collections made by the first two authors. Entoloma ...pseudoheimii sp. nov. and E. rufovinascens sp. nov. are described, and two new combinations made: E. cuboidosporum var. chromostomum, and E. heimii combs nov. A key to the madagascarian cuboid-spored species of Entoloma is provided.
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