We report on the expected sensitivity of dedicated scintillator-based detectors at the LHC for elementary particles with charges much smaller than the electron charge. The dataset provided by a ...prototype scintillator-based detector is used to characterize the performance of the detector and provide an accurate background projection. Detector designs, including a novel slab detector configuration, are considered for the data taking period of the LHC to start in 2022 (Run 3) and for the high luminosity LHC. With the Run 3 dataset, the existence of new particles with masses between 10 MeV and 45 GeV could be excluded at 95% confidence level for charges between 0.003 e and 0.3 e, depending on their mass. With the high luminosity LHC dataset, the expected limits would reach between 10 MeV and 80 GeV for charges between 0.0018 e and 0.3 e, depending on their mass.
We report on a search for elementary particles with charges much smaller than the electron charge using a data sample of proton-proton collisions provided by the CERN Large Hadron Collider in 2018, ...corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 37.5 fb−1 at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. A prototype scintillator-based detector is deployed to conduct the first search at a hadron collider sensitive to particles with charges ≤ 0.1 e . The existence of new particles with masses between 20 and 4700 MeV is excluded at 95% confidence level for charges between 0.006 e and 0.3 e , depending on their mass. New sensitivity is achieved for masses larger than 700 MeV.
Phys. Rev. D 102, 032002 (2020) We report on a search for elementary particles with charges much smaller than
the electron charge using a data sample of proton-proton collisions provided by
the CERN ...Large Hadron Collider in 2018, corresponding to an integrated
luminosity of 37.5 fb$^{-1}$ at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. A prototype
scintillator-based detector is deployed to conduct the first search at a hadron
collider sensitive to particles with charges ${\leq}0.1e$. The existence of new
particles with masses between 20 and 4700 MeV is excluded at 95% confidence
level for charges between $0.006e$ and $0.3e$, depending on their mass. New
sensitivity is achieved for masses larger than $700$ MeV.
We report on a search for elementary particles with charges much smaller than the electron charge using a data sample of proton-proton collisions provided by the CERN Large Hadron Collider in 2018, ...corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 37.5 fb\(^{-1}\) at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. A prototype scintillator-based detector is deployed to conduct the first search at a hadron collider sensitive to particles with charges \({\leq}0.1e\). The existence of new particles with masses between 20 and 4700 MeV is excluded at 95% confidence level for charges between \(0.006e\) and \(0.3e\), depending on their mass. New sensitivity is achieved for masses larger than \(700\) MeV.
Oral contraceptives are commonly taken by women and are known to increase the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE).
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between oral contraceptive ...use and natural anticoagulants, that is, protein C (PC), protein S (PS), and antithrombin in pregnant women with deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
This case-control study was conducted on 330 pregnant women, that is, cases 165 (who used oral contraceptives) and controls 165 (who did not use oral contraceptives). The levels of PC, PS, and antithrombin were measured and compared between the two groups. The use of different types of oral contraceptives and their association with DVT and PC and PS were also analyzed.
The study found that women with DVT had significantly lower levels of PC and PS compared with controls ( P < 0.001). However, no significant difference was found in the levels of AT. Among the different types of oral contraceptives, first-generation progestin pills including Ethynodiol Diacetate, Norethindrone Acetate, Norethynodrel, and second-generation oral contraceptives (Lynestrenol, Levonorgestrel and Norgestrel) were not found to be associated with lower levels of PC and AT while Desogestrel, Norgestimate, and Gestodene (third-generation) were associated with lower levels of PS.
This study suggests that the use of contraceptives, particularly those containing Desogestrel, Norgestimate, and Gestodene, may be associated with a higher risk of thrombosis because of the associated lower levels of PS. Monitoring anticoagulant levels is crucial in preventing DVT in this population.
TNF−α influences lymphomagenesis by upregulating proinflammatory and antiapoptotic pathways. In this study, we evaluated the frequency of TNF−α rs1800629 (−308 G>A) polymorphism in newly diagnosed ...adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and its correlation with age at diagnosis, gender and subtype of ALL. In this case control study, a total of 330 individuals were recruited, including 165 newly diagnosed adult patients with ALL, from the Radiation and Isotope Center in Khartoum (RICK) and 165 healthy normal controls. TNF−α rs1800629 polymorphism was tested through allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. The frequency of the rs1800629 GA genotype was high (70.9% vs. 60%, OR = 1.84) in the patient group as compared to healthy controls, whereas GG and AA genotypes did not exhibit any statistically significant difference between controls and patients. Based on subtype, GG and GA rs1800629 genotypes showed increased risk of B-ALL (OR 0.46 and 2.12, respectively), whereas rs1800629 GG, GA and AA genotypes did not show any disease association with T-ALL (p > 0.05). Age at diagnosis and gender did not exhibit any association of rs1800629 with ALL in the patient group. In conclusion, rs1800629 is associated with high risk of adult B-ALL, with an insignificant effect of age at diagnosis and gender.
Cytokine storm (CS) refers to the spontaneous dysregulated and hyper-activated inflammatory reaction occurring in various clinical conditions, ranging from microbial infection to end-stage organ ...failure. Recently the novel coronavirus involved in COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) has been associated with the pathological phenomenon of CS in critically ill patients. Furthermore, critically ill patients suffering from CS are likely to have a grave prognosis and a higher case fatality rate. Pathologically CS is manifested as hyper-immune activation and is clinically manifested as multiple organ failure. An in-depth understanding of the etiology of CS will enable the discovery of not just disease risk factors of CS but also therapeutic approaches to modulate the immune response and improve outcomes in patients with respiratory diseases having CS in the pathogenic pathway. Owing to the grave consequences of CS in various diseases, this phenomenon has attracted the attention of researchers and clinicians throughout the globe. So in the present manuscript, we have attempted to discuss CS and its ramifications in COVID-19 and other respiratory diseases, as well as prospective treatment approaches and biomarkers of the cytokine storm. Furthermore, we have attempted to provide in-depth insight into CS from both a prophylactic and therapeutic point of view. In addition, we have included recent findings of CS in respiratory diseases reported from different parts of the world, which are based on expert opinion, clinical case-control research, experimental research, and a case-controlled cohort approach.
•Cytokine storm is the outcome of respiratory illnesses such as MERS, SARS, and COVID-19.•Patients with cytokine storms exhibit mild to severe clinical manifestations.•Immune pathways such as JAK/STAT, mTOR, ERK, and TRAF/NF-κB are stimulated in respiratory illness.•Cytokine storm can be early controlled using immunomodulators and cytokine antagonists.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most important contributing factors to infertility. The diagnosis of PCOS is not an easy procedure, as the signs and symptoms are heterogeneous and of ...undefined etiology. There are only a few published studies that address the diagnostic performance of anti-Müllerian hormone in diagnosis of PCOS in sub-Saharan Africa including Sudan.
This study aims to assess anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), luteinizing to follicle-stimulating hormone ratio (LH: FSH), total testosterone (TT), and prolactin (PRL) levels among PCOS. In addition, we determine if AMH can be used as a predictor of PCOS among Sudanese women.
There were 600 women enrolled in this observational cross-sectional study, 300 of whom had PCOS, and 300 of whom healthy women; PCOS was diagnosed using the Rotterdam criteria. On days 2-4 of the menstrual cycle, serum LH, FSH, AMH, TT, and PRL levels were measured for all participants. Diagnostic performance of these parameters for PCOS was determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.
Significantly higher means among PCOS regarding their BMI, AMH; LH: FSH ratio; TT; PRL, whereas significantly inverse in FSH compared with normal ovulatory women. On ROC analysis, AMH had the largest operating characteristic curve at cut-off >3.95 ng/mL; AUC = 0.999 with Youden's index 0.99%, followed by LH: FSH ratio at cut-off 0.749; AUC=0.932; Youden's index 0.813%, TT cut-off 0.82 mIU/L, AUC=0.852 with Youden's index 0.58, while PRL showed the lowest AUC=0.627 with cut-off 15.3 ng/mL, Youden's index was 0.18%, P. value<0.001.
Sudanese women with PCOS had higher serum AMH level, LH:FSH ratio, and TT level. Moreover, AMH level has better discriminative power and good diagnostic potency for the diagnosis of PCOS among Sudanese.
Purpose: Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the promoter region of the IL-10 gene can increase susceptibility to tumor development. The current study aimed to explore the genotypic frequency of ...interleukin-10 (IL-10) rs1800896 polymorphism in newly diagnosed adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and validate whether this SNP is a risk factor for adult ALL. Patients and Methods: This case--control study was based on a subset of newly diagnosed 154 adult patients with ALL recruited from the Radiation and Isotope Center in Khartoum (RICK) and 154 healthy controls from the same geographical area. Genomic DNA was used for the genotyping of rs1800896 polymorphism through allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. Results: The genotypic frequencies of rs1800896 showed a statistically significant association of AG and AA genotypes with adult ALL (p<0.001). Combined genotypes AG+GG vs AA also showed a positive association of rs1800896 with adult ALL (OR=4.89). The allelic frequencies of G and A did not show any significant difference in adult patients with ALL compared with the control group. AG rs1800896 genotype showed an increased risk of B and T ALL (OR=2.51 and 4.70, respectively). Age at diagnosis, gender, and immunophenotype (B vs T ALL) did not exhibit any association of rs1800896 with ALL in this patient group. Conclusion: rs1800896 polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of ALL in adult patients irrespective of the age at diagnosis, gender, and immunophenotype of ALL. Keywords: acute lymphoblastic leukemia, polymorphism, IL-10, --1082 (A>G), rs1800896
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