Cancer susceptibility candidate 2 (CASC2), a recently discovered long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA), was confirmed to play numerous roles in several human cancers. However, the involvement and concrete ...mechanism of CASC2 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) still need to be further elucidated. The relative expressions of CASC2 and miR‐24‐3p in HCC tissue and cell lines were determined by quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR). The effects of CASC2 and miR‐24‐3p on HCC cells were further assessed via cell viability and apoptosis. In vivo tumorigenesis assay was performed to verify the inhibition effect of CASC2 on the tumor growth and further clarify the important role of miR‐24‐3p in this mechanism. Compared with the paired normal tissues, the relative expression of CASC2 significantly reduced in the HCC tissues, while miR‐24‐3p as determined by qRT‐PCR obviously increased in the HCC tissues. This observation was also found in HCC cell lines. Meanwhile, the expression of CASC2 was negatively related to miR‐24‐3p expression in the HCC tissues (r = −0.804, P < 0.001). CASC2 could negatively regulate the expression of miR‐24‐3p in vitro. Moreover, CASC2 overexpression resulted in the growth inhibitory and apoptosis‐inducing effects on HCC cells, but the up‐regulation of miR‐24‐3p greatly eliminated the CASC2‐induced effects. The tumorigenesis of HCC cells was restrained significantly by CASC2 overexpression as shown by decreased tumor volume and growth rate. However, miR‐24‐3p up‐regulation rescued the inhibition of CASC2 on the tumor growth in tumor‐bearing mice. LncRNA CASC2 inhibited the viability and induced the apoptosis of HCC cells through regulating miR‐24‐3p.
We investigated the involvement and concrete mechanism of CASC2 in HCC. CASC2 inhibited the viability and induced the apoptosis of HCC cells. The role of CASC2 in cell tumorigenesis was mediated by miR‐24‐3p.
Pine wilt disease is the most devastating pine disease caused by
.
is morphologically similar to
and geographically overlaps in its distribution. Although interspecific hybridization of the two ...nematodes has been performed in vitro, the dynamic regularity of hybrid formation and its risk in forests has not been well evaluated. In this study, a hybrid of
and
was identified in the laboratory and fields by molecular markers. The heterozygosity of ITS-5.8S loci for identification was unstable in the hybrid population, and the allele inherited from
was lost over several generations. We also provided evidence that hybrids existed in some new epidemic areas, while old epidemic areas were usually dominated by
. Hybrids could be generated when
was invaded by
, and the pathogenicity of the hybrids was similar to that of
. These findings may improve the understanding of the natural hybridization between
and
and pathogenic variation in pine wilt disease, providing new insights for future studies on disease detection, transmission, and quarantine.
PEGylated and folate-targeted chitosan polymeric nanoparticles (FPNs) for the treatment of gastric carcinoma were prepared successfully. OQC-anchored folate conjugates were synthesized and used in ...assembling FPNs nano-system for enhancing intracellular uptake against folate receptor overexpressing cancer cells. The results indicated that folate-targeted chitosan polymeric nanoparticles (CPNs) can reverse drug-resistant SGC-7901 cells of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) compared with non-targeted CPNs. Increased therapeutic efficiency of 5-FU/METHFR shRNA co-loaded PNs were also tested in SGC-7901 cells and compaed with 5-FU or METHFR shRNA in solution, which was associated with increased cell inhibition function for single drug group and synergistic effects of 5-FU and METHFR shRNA at 2.0 µg/mL FPNs concentration. In addition, the cell accumulation levels of 5-FU in SGC-7901 cells was time dependent for these nanoparticles. FPNs (effective diameter: 83.2 ± 1.1 nm; polydispersity index: 0.193) could significantly boost cellular accumulation of 5-FU and overcome the drug efflux mechanism of MDR than 5-FU-loaded NPNs and 5-FU in solution. In conclusion, ligand-targeted PNs can be used as a potentially effective drug delivery system.
Background: Previous observational studies have suggested a possible association between periodontal disease and gastric cancer (GC); however, a causal relationship has not yet been established. This ...study aimed to explore the causal relationship between the 2 through a 2-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) study. Methods: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary statistics were obtained from publicly available GWAS and relevant databases. Two-sample bidirectional MR analysis was conducted to investigate the causal relationship between periodontal disease and GC using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method selected as the primary analytical approach. Cochran Q test, MR-PRESSO, MR-pleiotropy, and leave-one-out analyses were performed to assess heterogeneity, pleiotropy, and sensitivity. Results: In European ancestry, IVW analysis revealed no causal relationship between periodontal disease and GC (OR = 1.873; 95% CI 4.788e-10, 7.323e + 09; P = .956), or between loose teeth and GC (OR = 1.064; 95% CI 0.708, 1.598; P = .765). In East Asian ancestry, there was no causal relationship between periodontitis and GC according to IVW (OR = 0.948; 95% CI 0.886, 1.015; P = .126). Conversely, according to the results of the IVW analysis, there was no causal relationship between GC and periodontal disease, regardless of European or East Asian ancestry. Furthermore, there was no heterogeneity or pleiotropy in the causal relationships between these variables (all P > .05), suggesting a certain level of reliability in our results. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this MR study, we found no mutual causal relationship between periodontal disease and GC. This finding can prevent overtreatment by clinical physicians and alleviate the psychological burden on patients.
We investigate the growth of the northern Tibetan Plateau and associated climate change by applying oxygen and carbon isotopic compositions in Cenozoic strata in the southwestern Qaidam basin. The ...X-ray diffraction and isotopic studies reveal that the carbonate minerals are mainly authigenic and they do not preserve any evidence for detrital carbonate and diagenesis. The isotope data show large fluctuations in the d18O and d13C values in the middleelate Eocene, indicating relatively warm and seasonal dry climate. The positive correlation of the d18O and d13C values in the Oligocene and the positive shift of the d13C values from the Eocene to Oligocene suggest that the climate changed to arid in the Oligocene. However, the d18O values show negative shift, which is closely related to the global cooling event. During the Miocene, the d13C values vary between e2& and e4&, whereas the d18O values show continuous negative shift. The mean d18O values decrease from e8.5& in the early Miocene to e10.0& in the late Miocene. The stable isotope-based paleoaltimetry results suggest that the elevation of the southwestern Qaidam basinwas approximately 1500 m in the middleelate Eocene and Oligocene. Subsequently, during Miocene the crustal uplift process started and the elevation reached approximately 2000 m in the early Miocene and 2500 m in the late Miocene, which suggests large-scale growth of the northern Tibet Plateau during the Miocene.
We investigate the growth of the northern Tibetan Plateau and associated climate change by applying oxygen and carbon isotopic compositions in Cenozoic strata in the southwestern Qaidam basin. The ...X-ray diffraction and isotopic studies reveal that the carbonate minerals are mainly authigenic and they do not preserve any evidence for detrital carbonate and diagenesis. The isotope data show large fluctuations in the δ18O and δ13C values in the middle-late Eocene, indicating relatively warm and seasonal dry climate.The positive correlation of the δ18O and δ13C values in the Oligocene and the positive shift of the δ13C values from the Eocene to Oligocene suggest that the climate changed to arid in the Oligocene. However,the δ18 values show negative shift, which is closely related to the global cooling event. During the Miocene, the δ13C values vary between-2‰ and-4‰, whereas the δ18O values show continuous negative shift. The mean δ18 values decrease from-8.5‰, in the early Miocene to-10.0‰, in the late Miocene. The stable isotope-based paleoaltimetry results suggest that the elevation of the southwestern Qaidam basin was approximately 1500 m in the middle-late Eocene and Oligocene. Subsequently, during Miocene the crustal uplift process started and the elevation reached approximately 2000 m in the early Miocene and 2500 m in the late Miocene, which suggests large-scale growth of the northern Tibet Plateau during the Miocene.
A two-color phase-modulated birefringence equipment, used for the simultaneous and real-time measurement of birefringence and orientation angle of flow field, was designed by using a two color ...Argon-ion laser as light source coupled with the phase-modulate technique. Low filter circuits and lock-in amplifiers were used to measure the intensities of the incident light and the fundamental component of emergent light respectively, then the analog signals of light intensities were changed to digital signals, and thus the calculation of birefringence and orientation angle was achieved. The employment of the Bessel function of order 2 was avoided for the reason of a two-color laser was used as light source, so the calculation and the process of experiment became simplified. Experiments proved that this apparatus can accurately measure the birefringence and orientation angle simultaneously, where the maximum measurement error is smaller than 5 percent.
Until 2009, 176 meteorite impact craters have been found in the world. Since the 80's of 20th century, Chinese scholars have confirmed, from the geological, geochemical and drilling data, that a ...circular structure was formed by meteorite impacting in Xiuyan County, Liaoning Province. But the deep structures and the overall characteristics of the crater need still to be confirmed by using the geophysical methods. In this paper, three‐dimensional Q structure has been obtained for the first time by using seismic refraction data in order to have a total understanding of the crater. Q value structure is of great significance for understanding the non‐elastic and nonuniform nature of the crust. Using three‐dimensional Q tomography method based on absorption characteristic time t* the amplitude spectra have been obtained and by fitting the amplitude spectrum, t* values have been obtained, which reflect seismic wave attenuation. The three‐dimensional Q value structure has been obtained by using t* values through three‐dimensional Q tomography method. The results showed that the Q‐value layer from the surface to the depth of 100 m within the crater corresponds to the upper 107 m thick lake sediments, the Q‐value layer from the depth of 100 m to 300 m corresponds to the lower 188 m thick breccia accumulation lens. The Q‐value layer from the depth of 300 m to 700 m corresponds to the broken Lower Proterozoic metamorphic rock layer with less impacting. The wave impedance interface about 250 m deep corresponds to the meteorite impact interface confirmed by geological drilling at the 260 m depth.
The Xiuyan impact crater with a rim‐rim diameter of 1.8 km is located at northern hills in the Liaodong peninsula, Liaoning province, China, which is well reserved and confirmed by evidences from ...different sources to be a meteorite impact crater. A special geophysical field formed from the meteorite impact and subsequent deposit at the crater makes different medium velocity and density between inside and outside of the crater. In the project, velocity structures, stratum structures and whole configuration of the crater are gotten using the differences of seismic velocity and wave impedance from the combined exploration of reflection and refraction. Based on the reflection features of strata, the crater body formed by the direct impact has a diameter about 1.8 km and a depth about 800 m, and the depth affected by the impact is about 1.4 km. The crater structure is divided into 3 parts, slow deposition area, rapid deposition area and affected area. According to the seismic velocity features, the velocity at the crater center reaches 7.0 km/s at the depth of 800 m. The 7.0 km/s isoline is consistent with the crater configuration, but the velocity reaches 7.0 km/s at the depth of 500~600 m in the edge of the crater. The structure of the crater body and the physical property of rocks conform further that the Xiuyan crater is originated from meteorite impact.
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