Display omitted
Developing efficient and stable electrocatalysts with three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical nanostructures is extremely important in practical applications of direct alcohol fuel cells. ...Herein, 3D hierarchical thorn-like multi-metallic PtPdNiCu alloyed nanotripods (PtPdNiCu TNTPs) were efficiently fabricated by a one-pot aqueous method, in which Pluronic F127 performed as the structure-director and dispersing agent. The as-prepared PtPdNiCu TNTPs exhibited distinct electrocatalytic activity for methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) with a mass activity (MA) of 1.465 A mg−1Pd, which is superior to commercial Pt/C (0.925 A mg−1Pd) in 1.0 M KOH solution, along with the greater MA (1.019 A mg−1Pd) for ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) than Pt/C (0.712 A mg−1Pd). This work would provide an impetus for rationally constructing multimetal nanomaterials to commercial implementation of advanced alcohol fuel cells.
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) has emerged as an abundant modification throughout the transcriptome with widespread functions in protein-coding and noncoding RNAs. It affects the fates of modified RNAs, ...including their stability, splicing, and/or translation, and thus plays important roles in posttranscriptional regulation. To date, m6A methyltransferases have been reported to execute m6A deposition on distinct RNAs by their own or forming different complexes with additional partner proteins. In this review, we summarize the function of these m6A methyltransferases or complexes in regulating the key genes and pathways of cancer biology. We also highlight the progress in the use of m6A methyltransferases in mediating therapy resistance, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy and radiotherapy. Finally, we discuss the current approaches and clinical potential of m6A methyltransferase-targeting strategies. Keywords: m6A, m6A methyltransferase, Cancer, Therapy resistance, Drug discovery
Northwest China is one of the most arid regions in the world and has experienced intriguing climate warming and humidification. Nonetheless, future climate conditions in Northwest China still remain ...uncertain. In this study, we applied an ensemble of the 12 latest model simulations of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) to assess future drought conditions until 2099 in Northwest China, as inferred from the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI). Future drought conditions were projected under three climate change scenarios through the combination of shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) and representative concentration pathways (RCPs), namely, SSP126 (SSP1 + RCP2.6, a green development pathway), SSP245 (SSP2 + RCP4.5, an intermediate development pathway), and SSP585 (SSP5 + RCP8.5, a high development pathway). For 2015-2099, drought severity showed no trend under SSP126, in contrast, for the SSP245 and SSP585 scenarios, a rapid increase during 2015-2099 was observed, especially under SSP585. We also found that the drought frequency in Northwest China under SSP585 was generally lower than that under SSP126 and SSP245, although the drought duration under SSP585 tended to be longer. These findings suggest the green development pathway in drought mitigation and adaptation strategies in Northwest China, an arid and agricultural region along the Silk Road.
A simple and green approach was developed for the preparation of fluorescent Cu nanoclusters (NCs) using the artificial peptide CLEDNN as a template. The as-synthesized Cu NCs exhibited a high ...fluorescence quantum yield (7.3%) and good stability, along with excitation and temperature dependent fluorescent properties, which could be employed for temperature sensing. Further investigations demonstrated low toxicity of Cu NCs for cellular imaging.
Abstract
The discovery of a luminous radio burst, FRB 200428, with properties similar to those of fast radio bursts (FRBs), in coincidence with an X-ray flare from the Galactic magnetar SGR ...1935+2154, supports magnetar models for cosmological FRBs. The burst’s X-ray to radio fluence ratio, as well as the X-ray spectral shape and peak energy, are consistent with FRB 200428 being the result of an ultra-relativistic shock (powered, e.g., by an ejected plasmoid) propagating into a magnetized baryon-rich external medium; the shock simultaneously generates X-ray/gamma-rays via thermal synchrotron emission from electrons heated behind the shock, and coherent radio emission via the synchrotron maser mechanism. Here, we point out that a unique consequence of this baryon-loaded shock scenario is the generation of a coincident burst of high-energy neutrinos, generated by photohadronic interaction of relativistic ions—heated or accelerated at the shock—with thermal synchrotron photons. We estimate the properties of these neutrino burst FRB counterparts and find that a fraction ∼10
−8
–10
−5
of the flare energy (or ∼10
−4
–10
−1
of the radio isotropic energy) is channeled into production of neutrinos with typical energies ∼TeV–PeV. We conclude by discussing prospects for detecting this signal with IceCube and future high-energy neutrino detectors.
An Fe( iii )-catalysed transformation of secondary N -phenyl substituted amides to primary amides by an electrochemical method is developed. Regioselective aryl C–H oxygenation occurs during the ...reaction, promoting selective C(phenyl)-N bond cleavage to form primary amides in yields of up to 92%.
Display omitted
Rational design of highly efficient and durable electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is of prime importance for renewable and sustainable energy. Herein, PtNi ...nanodentrites (PtNi NDs) were facilely synthesized in oleylamine (OAm) by a one-pot solvothermal method, using melamine and cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) as co-structure-directing agents. The obtained catalyst showed superior catalytic activity and enhanced durability for HER relative to commercial Pt/C, home-made PtNi3 nanocrystals (NCs) and Pt3Ni NCs both in alkaline and acidic media. The enhanced HER activities are attributed to bimetallic synergies and interface structures in PtNi NDs. This work provides an effective strategy to prepare highly efficient and durable electrocatalysts for HER.
The recent detection of gravitational waves and electromagnetic counterparts from the double neutron star merger event GW+EM170817 supports the standard paradigm of short gamma-ray bursts (SGRBs) and ...kilonovae/macronovae. It is important to reveal the nature of the compact remnant left after the merger, either a black hole or neutron star, and their physical link to the origin of the long-lasting emission observed in SGRBs. The diversity of the merger remnants may also lead to different kinds of transients that can be detected in future. Here we study the high-energy emission from the long-lasting central engine left after the coalescence, under certain assumptions. In particular, we consider the X-ray emission from a remnant disk and the nonthermal nebular emission from disk-driven outflows or pulsar winds. We demonstrate that late-time X-ray and high-frequency radio emission can provide useful constraints on properties of the hidden compact remnants and their connections to long-lasting SGRB emission, and we discuss the detectability of nearby merger events through late-time observations at ∼30-100 days after the coalescence. We also investigate the GeV-TeV gamma-ray emission that occurs in the presence of long-lasting central engines and show the importance of external inverse Compton radiation due to upscattering of X-ray photons by relativistic electrons in the jet. We also search for high-energy gamma rays from GW170817 in the Fermi-LAT data and report upper limits on such long-lasting emission. Finally, we consider the implications of GW+EM170817 and discuss the constraints placed by X-ray and high-frequency radio observations.
Quantitative proteome analysis allows comparisons of protein or phosphoprotein levels across multiple cell types or conditions. A number of experimental approaches have been described toward ...quantitative proteomics. In this chapter, we focus on Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) isobaric labeling of peptides for global, relative quantitation of proteins and phosphopeptides. To date, there has been no published protocol describing chemical labeling of small amounts of peptides specifically extracted from small tumor samples, for which rigorous sample preparation is necessary to ensure reproducible TMT labeling.
Herein, we developed a facile one-step strategy to construct uniform bimetallic Pt75Co25 alloyed nanodendritic assemblies (Pt75Co25 NDAs) in oleylamine (OAm). OAm and cetyltrimethylammonium chloride ...(CTAC) acted as reductant and structure-director, respectively. l-Proline served as the green co-reductant and co-structure-directing agent. By virtue of the unique structures and cooperative effects of the bimetals, the obtained catalyst displayed remarkable enlargement in catalytic properties for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in 0.5 M H2SO4 at 1600 rpm with a scan rate of 5 mV s−1 and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in 0.5 M KOH at 5 mV s−1 with a rotation rate of 1600 rpm, outperforming home-made Pt60Co40 nanoparticles (NPs), Pt82Co18 NPs and commercial Pt black catalysts. This work offers some guidance for novel dendritic nanoassemblies as advanced efficient and robust electrocatalysts.
Display omitted
•Pt75Co25 NDAs were fabricated by a one-pot method.•l-Proline and CTAC acted as the co-structure-directors.•The specific architectures have highly enlarged specific surface area.•The catalyst showed dramatically boosted catalytic performances for HER and ORR.
PDF
