Fowl typhoid is a septicemic disease caused by
subsp.
serovar Gallinarum biovar Gallinarum. It is a host-specific disease primarily affecting chickens and turkeys, although it has been reported in ...various animal species and sporadically in humans. Here, we present a case of a fowl typhoid outbreak on a turkey poult farm where the source of infection was the hatchery. The birds started showing symptoms of growth retardation at 21 days of age, after which the mortality rates gradually started to increase. Post mortem examination revealed that the main lesions were granulomatous proliferations in the small intestines. The results of the histopathological examination indicate that the severity of the infection was alleviated by the application of phytogenic mixtures and probiotics as a supportive treatment, even though the affected flock was eventually culled at 60 days of age. The farmer was advised to apply more strict biosecurity measures to prevent the spread of the disease on the farm and try to eradicate the pathogen from the barn. Since the outbreak, there have been no recurrent infections.
Intestinal parasites of dogs and cats may affect their health with a significant zoonotic risk to public health. Therefore, establishing an efficient control program should pass through the ...determination of the diversity, prevalence, and pathogenicity of those parasites. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites in dogs and cats and proceed to infection comparisons between young and adult animals. The detection of parasites in fecal samples was determined using flotation and immunofluorescent methods across 320 dogs and 64 cats from the Kvarner region in Croatia. The prevalence was calculated for each detected parasite in its host. Differences in prevalence between young animals and adults were analyzed. Parasites were detected in 32 dogs and 34.4% of cats. In total, 12 different genera were detected; Giardia spp. was the most prevalent parasite in both species, infecting 24.7% and 18.8% of investigated dogs and cats, respectively.
spp. and
had a prevalence of (18.4%) and (6.3%), respectively. Prevalences of
,
., and
. were significantly (
< 0.05) higher in puppies compared to adult dogs.
(
) was detected in one puppy. In addition to the first report of
, a relatively high prevalence of intestinal parasites in dogs and cats in the Kvarner region of Croatia was recorded, posing a potential zoonotic risk.
Hematology is one of the best population health indicators, and the quickest way to gain insight into some hematological parameters is blood film evaluation. Sometimes, due to the inability to store ...blood, the unavailability of hematological instruments during field work, or the insufficient amount of blood for complete hematological analysis, blood film evaluation could be the only method for obtaining information about hematological changes. The population of brown bears (Ursus arctos) is often endangered, and is protected as an important integral species of terrestrial communities. Since any baseline hematological data of free-living endangered species are particularly important, the aim of this study was to test the possibility of using blood film evaluation, as the only source of hematological data, for assessment of an animal’s hematological and, consequently, health status. Blood films of seventeen brown bears from eastern Turkey were evaluated to assess the morphology of erythrocytes and leukocytes, estimate the total leukocyte count, determine the differential leukocyte count, and look for the presence of cell inclusions or hemoparasites. Rouleaux formations were present in twelve animals, poikilocytosis in four, while parasitic nematodes, microfilariae, were found in nine out of seventeen bears. The results confirmed that blood film evaluation alone could be of use in assessing an animal’s hematological status, but for more accurate assessment of health status, more blood parameters need to be analyzed. New findings in the study, such as the presence of rouleaux formations and microfilaria in brown bears from eastern Turkey, have opened the door for further investigation in this field.
Cilj ovog preglednoga rada bio je istražiti dosadašnje spoznaje o patofiziološkim mehanizmima nastanka mastocitoma u različitih vrsta životinja i ljudi. Također je bila namjera na temelju ...literaturnih podataka usporediti biološko ponašanje i oblike mastocitoma u ljudi i različitih životinjskih vrsta i komparativnim pristupom istražiti najvažnija obilježja mastocitoma, njihovu pojavnost te mogućnost širenja. Patogeneza mastocitoma nije još u potpunosti razjašnjena. Pretpostavlja se da je više čimbenika uključeno u mehanizam nastanka; pasminska predispozicija upućuje na gensku komponentu uključenu u patogenezu mastocitoma, a važnu ulogu ima i mutacija gena koji kodira receptor s aktivnošću tirozin ‒ kinaze (KIT) na membrani mastocita za vezanje čimbenika matičnih stanica (SCF, engl. stem cell factor). Mutacija KIT gena uzrokuje stvaranje KIT receptora koji je kontinuirano aktivan u odsutnosti liganda, tj. SCF-a što dovodi do proliferacije mastocita i nastanka mastocitoma. Mutacije KIT gena u pasa su najčešće locirane na eksonu 11 koji kodira regulatornu jukstamembransku domenu KIT receptora, dok je u ljudi s mastocitozom najzastupljenija mutacija D816V na poziciji 2447 kodirajuće sekvence KIT gena. Mutacije KIT gena u pasa su povezane s progresijom i lošijom prognozom mastocitoma, dok u ljudi i u mačaka mutacije KIT gena nisu povezane s prognozom bolesti, premda u ljudi imaju bitnu ulogu u dijagnostici i terapiji.
A 3-month-old dog originating from a Slovenian animal shelter presented with acute bloody, soft, foamy and malodorous diarrhoea. The clinical examination, haematology and serum biochemistry were ...unremarkable. Ultrasonography of the abdomen showed prominent mesenteric lymph nodes and the presence of echogenic content within the small intestine. Light microscopy of a native smear and a wet mount darkfield microscopy examination of the faecal material showed motile trichomonad-like organisms with a particular circular motion. The flotation and SAF (Sodium acetate - acetic acid - formalin solution) method using light microscopy revealed eggs of nematode Toxocara canis and protozoan oocysts of Isospora spp. Trichomonad-like organisms were successfully isolated and cultivated in axenic culture. Light microscopy of Giemsa-stained trichomonads showed the presence of five flagella, and Pentatrichomonas hominis (P. hominis) was presumptively diagnosed. The diagnosis was confirmed by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) followed by DNA sequencing and the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) of cultured trichomonad isolates. The PCR and sequencing results confirmed a 99% homology of the P. hominis isolates with isolates from other studies, originating both from humans and animals, which suggests that P. hominis could have zoonotic potential and have been transmitted from animals to people via the per-oral route. This is also the first report on P. hominis involvement in clinical diseases in dogs in Slovenia. Key words: Pentatrichomonas hominis; dog; isolation; cultivation; PCR; DNA sequencing; scanning electron microscopy SOOKUŽBA S PROTOZOJEM Pentatrichomonas hominis PRI PSU IZ SLOVENSKEGA ZAVETIŠČA Na kliniko smo zaradi akutne krvave, penaste in smrdljive driske sprejeli tri mesece starega psa, ki so ga lastniki nedavno posvojili iz zavetišča. Klinični pregled ter hematološke in biokemične preiskave krvi so bili brez posebnosti. Pri pregledu trebuha z ultrazvokom smo ugotovili velike mezenterialne bezgavke, tanko črevo pa je bilo polno ehogene vsebine. Z mikroskopskim pregledom nativnih preparatov smo v vzorcu blata opazili številne gibljive organizme, podobne trihomonasom, s specifičnim krožnim gibanjem. Z mikroskopiranjem ter s flotacijo in metodo SAF smo diagnosticirali še jajčeca nematodov Toxocara canis in oociste praživali Isospora sp. Trihomonasom podobne organizme smo uspešno izolirali in jih vzgojili v čisti kulturi. Mikroskopski pregled organizmov, obarvanih po Giemsi, je omogočil določitev števila bičkov in vzpostavitev suma na okužbo s Pentatrichomonas hominis (P. hominis). Diagnozo smo dokončno potrdili s polimerazno verižno reakcijo (PCR) in določitvijo baznega zaporedja, ter z vrstičnim elektronskim mikroskopom. PCR in določitev baznega zaporedja sta pokazala 99 % skladnost našega izolata z izolati P. hominis iz drugih gostiteljev/študij. Ta podatek kaže na zoonotski potencial P. hominis in na možnost peroralnega prenosa med živalmi in ljudmi. Članek predstavlja tudi prvo poročilo o trihomonadni okužbi s P. hominis pri psih v Sloveniji. Ključne besede: Pentatrichomonas hominis; pes; izolacija; gojenje; PCR; določanje zaporedja DNK; vrstična elektronska mikroskopija
Sindrom abdominalnog odjeljka u pasa Faraguna, Siniša; Kokalj, Ivo; Marinović, Marko ...
Veterinarska stanica,
04/2022, Letnik:
53, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Sindrom abdominalnog odjeljka predstavlja karakteristično stanje s povišenim vrijednostima intraabdominalnog tlaka višim od 12 mmHg, dilatacijom abdomena popraćeno zatajenjem unutarnjih organa: ...bubrega, pluća i krvožilnog sustava. Budući da se uz njega često javljaju i brojne komplikacije kao i zatajenje brojnih organskih sustava, razvoj sindroma abdominalnog odjeljka predstavlja vrlo opasno i hitno stanje s visokom stopom mortaliteta. U humanoj medicini, ovaj sindrom je prepoznat već godinama, a do sada je dobro istražena i opisana njegova klasifikacija, etiologija, patofiziologija, klinička slika, dijagnostički postupci kao i smjernice za uspješno liječenje. U veterinarskoj medicini pojava ovoga sindroma u kliničkoj praksi vrlo često prolazi nedijagnosticirano. Zbog širokog spektra nespecifičnih simptoma koji se kod ovog oboljenja javljaju u pasa, kao i zbog prilično rijetkog prakticiranja mjerenja vrijednosti intraabdominalnog tlaka, razvoj sindroma abdominalnog odjeljka često se na vrijeme ne prepoznaje i/ili se kao takav pripisuje drugim patološkim stanjima različitih organskih sustava. Iz istog je razloga u veterinarskoj medicini do sada provedeno premalo kliničkih ispitivanja i znanstvenih radova u pasa, koji bi pružali odgovor i detaljnije objasnili etiologiju, mehanizam nastanka, progresiju, adekvatne dijagnostičke postupke te smjernice u liječenju ovoga sindroma. S obzirom da u pasa još uvijek nisu jasno definirane granične vrijednosti intraabdominalnog tlaka, teško je govoriti u kojem se trenutku javlja abdominalna hipertenzija i ako se javi hoće li rezultirati pojavom navedenog sindroma. Postavljanje egzaktne dijagnoze sindroma abdominalnog odjeljka u pasa je otežano s obzirom da do razvoja sindroma može doći zbog različitih traumatskih stanja, ozljeda, opekotina i različitih organskim ili sistemskih bolesti. Smjernice za liječenje za sada u veterinarskoj medicini nisu specifične, nije opisan jasan protokol liječenja u pasa, već se on odvija prema smjernicama preuzetim iz humane medicine. Sigurno je da je potrebno provesti dodatna znanstvena i klinička istraživanja koja će pridonijeti boljem shvaćanju ovoga sindroma. Usvojena nova znanja pridonijet će njegovu lakšem prepoznavanju, dijagnosticiranju i adekvatnom liječenju na dobrobit svih budućih pacijenata.
This research aimed to analyze whether ewes' total reproductive performance up to the fourth year of life (RP4) can be predicted based on the data available at an early stage of a ewe's productive ...life. The RP4 of 133 Romanov ewes was measured in terms of the total number of lambs born per ewe (TNLE) and total birth weight of lambs per ewe (TBLE). Multiple regression was used to analyze whether early reproductive performance indicators (first litter size - FLS, age at first lambing - AFL, first lambing interval - FLI), ewe birth rank, dam age, and dam birth rank can be used as the predictors of RP4. Predicted
and 95 % prediction intervals were used as indicators of the precision of prediction. Average TNLE and TBLE at the end of fourth year of ewe life were 11.84 lambs and 37.96 kg, respectively. FLS and FLI significantly (
) influenced TNLE and TBLE, while AFL was not a significant (
) variable. Ewes with shorter FLI had significantly (
) higher TNLE (10.94 lambs) and TBLE (36.17 kg) than ewes with long FLI (TNLE
9.12 lambs and TBLE
28.05 kg).
predicted for TNLE and TBLE was 7.54 % and 11.49 %, respectively. The ewe's birth rank and the dam's birth rank significantly (
) influenced TNLE and TBLE. Ewes born as singletons and ewes from singleton-born dams had significantly (
) lower TNLE and TBLE than ewes born as triplets and ewes from triplet-born dams.
predicted for TNLE was 16.76 %, and 25.69 % for TBLE. FLS and FLI are better predictors of RP4 than AFL. The birth rank of ewe and dam also proved significant predictors of RP4. For both sets of predictors (early reproductive indicators and birth rank data), low values of
predicted indicate that precise prediction of RP4 cannot be made.
