The Capripoxvirus genus includes three agents: Sheeppox virus, Goatpox virus and Lumpy skin disease virus. Related diseases are of economic importance and present a major constraint to animals and ...animal products trade in addition to mortality and morbidity. Attenuated vaccines against these diseases are available, but afforded cross-protection is controversial in each specie. In this study, groups of sheep, goats and cattle were vaccinated with Romania SPPV vaccine and challenged with corresponding virulent strains. Sheep and cattle were also vaccinated with Neethling LSDV vaccine and challenged with both virulent SPPV and LSDV strains. Animals were monitored by clinical observation, rectal temperature as well as serological response. The study showed that sheep and goats vaccinated with Romania SPPV vaccine were fully protected against challenge with virulent SPPV and GTPV strains, respectively. However, small ruminants vaccinated with LSDV Neethling vaccine showed only partial protection against challenge with virulent SPPV strain. Cattle showed also only partial protection when vaccinated with Romania SPPV and were fully protected with Neethling LSDV vaccine. This study showed that SPPV and GTPV vaccines are closely related with cross-protection, while LSDV protects only cattle against the corresponding disease, which suggests that vaccination against LSDV should be carried out with homologous strain.
The atomic nucleus is composed of two different kinds of fermions: protons and neutrons. If the protons and neutrons did not interact, the Pauli exclusion principle would force the majority of ...fermions (usually neutrons) to have a higher average momentum. Our high-energy electron-scattering measurements using 12C, 27Al, 56Fe, and 208Pb targets show that even in heavy, neutron-rich nuclei, short-range interactions between the fermions form correlated high-momentum neutron-proton pairs. Thus, in neutron-rich nuclei, protons have a greater probability than neutrons to have momentum greater than the Fermi momentum. This finding has implications ranging from nuclear few-body systems to neutron stars and may also be observable experimentally in two-spin–state, ultracold atomic gas systems.
It is well-known that the Lipschitz stability originated from the paper 32 of J. Tabor. In this work, we establish the general solution of the new class of generalized multi-quadratic functional ...equationf(x1,…,xi−1,xi+kyi,xi+1,...,xn)+f(x1,…,xi−1,xi−kyi,xi+1,…,xn)=f(x1,…,xi−1,xi+ℓyi,xi+1,…,xn)+f(x1,…,xi−1,xi−ℓyi,xi+1,…,xn)+2(k2−ℓ2)f(x1,...,xi−1,yi,xi+1,...,xn),xi,yi∈G,i∈{1,...,n} where k,ℓ are two fixed integers with k≠±ℓ and G is an Abelian group. Under some natural conditions, we prove the stability of the above equation in Lipschitz spaces. Moreover, some results concerning the stability of the generalized multi-quadratic type functional equation in the Lipschitz norms are presented. Our main results improve and generalize results obtained in 5,10–12,25–27.
In this paper we first introduce a new concept of a functional equation called
multi-Drygas equation
. We deal with the generalized hyperstability results of the multi-Drygas functional equation on a ...restricted domain by applying the Brzdȩk’s fixed point theorem (Brzdȩk et al. in Nonlinear Anal.
74
: 6728–6732, 2011, Theorem 1). Our main results improve and generalize results obtained in Aiemsombonn and Sintunavarat (Bull Aust Math Soc 92: 269–280, 2016), El-Fassi(J Fixed Point Theory Appl 9: 2529–2540, 2017), Piszczek, Szczawińska(J Funct Spaces Appl 2013: 912718, 2013) . Some applications of our results are also provided.
Background: The electromagnetic form factors of the proton measured by unpolarized and polarized electron scattering experiments show a significant disagreement that grows with the squared four ...momentum transfer (Q2). Calculations have shown that the two measurements can be largely reconciled by accounting for the contributions of two-photon exchange (TPE). TPE effects are not typically included in the standard set of radiative corrections since theoretical calculations of the TPE effects are highly model dependent, and, until recently, no direct evidence of significant TPE effects has been observed. Purpose: We measured the ratio of positron-proton to electron-proton elastic-scattering cross sections in order to determine the TPE contribution to elastic electron-proton scattering and thereby resolve the proton electric form factor discrepancy. Methods: We produced a mixed simultaneous electron-positron beam in Jefferson Lab's Hall B by passing the 5.6 GeV primary electron beam through a radiator to produce a bremsstrahlung photon beam and then passing the photon beam through a convertor to produce electron/positron pairs. The mixed electron-positron (lepton) beam with useful energies from approximately 0.85 to 3.5 GeV then struck a 30-cm long liquid hydrogen (LH2) target located within the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS). By detecting both the scattered leptons and the recoiling protons we identified and reconstructed elastic scattering events and determined the incident lepton energy. A detailed description of the experiment is presented. Results: We present previously unpublished results for the quantity R2γ, the TPE correction to the elastic- scattering cross section, at Q2 ≈ 0:85 and 1.45 GeV2 over a large range of virtual photon polarization ε. Conclusions: Our results, along with recently published results from VEPP-3, demonstrate a non-zero contribution from TPE effects and are in excellent agreement with the calculations that include TPE effects and largely reconcile the form-factor discrepancy up to Q2 ≈ 2 GeV2. These data are consistent with an increase in R2γ with decreasing " at Q2 ≈ 0:85 and 1.45 GeV2. There are indications of a slight increase in R2γ with Q2.
Motivated by the notion of Ulam stability, we investigate the generalized hyperstability results for the Drygas functional equation
f
(
x
+
y
)
+
f
(
x
-
y
)
=
2
f
(
x
)
+
f
(
y
)
+
f
(
-
y
)
,
on a ...restricted domain. The method is based on a quite recent fixed point theorem (cf.
6
, Theorem 1) in some functions spaces. We derive from them some characterizations of inner product spaces. Our results are improvements and generalizations of the main results of Piszczek and Szczawińska
29
.
In this work, inclusive electron scattering from nuclear targets has been measured to extract the nuclear dependence of the inelastic cross section in Hall C at the Thomas Jefferson National ...Accelerator facility. Results are presented for 2H, 3He, 4He, 9B, 12C, 63Cu and 197Au at an incident electron beam energy of 5.77 GeV for a range of momentum transfer from Q2 = 2 to 7 (GeV/c)2. These data improve the precision of the existing measurements of the EMC effect in the nuclear targets at large x, and allow for more detailed examinations of the A dependence of the EMC effect.
The aim of this paper is first to reformulate the fixed point theorem 4, Theorem 1 in 2-Banach spaces, after it, we introduce and solve the radical quartic functional equationf(x4+y44)=f(x)+f(y). We ...also show that the fixed point methods allow to investigate Ulam's type stability of radical quartic functional equation in 2-Banach spaces.
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