The persistent legacy of the 1918 influenza virus Morens, David M; Taubenberger, Jeffery K; Fauci, Anthony S
New England journal of medicine/The New England journal of medicine,
07/2009, Letnik:
361, Številka:
3
Journal Article
As the third decade since AIDS was first recognized comes to an end, extraordinary advances have occurred in the understanding, treatment, and prevention of HIV infection and AIDS. As a result of ...these successes, it is now time to focus on future challenges. Paramount among these is reaching the goal of truly controlling and ultimately ending the HIV and AIDS pandemic. To that end, AIDS researchers and public health personnel worldwide are aggressively pursuing 3 key areas of scientific research. Given the availability of highly effective therapeutic regimens for HIV infection, the first challenge is efficiently identifying a maximum number of HIV-infected persons through voluntary HIV testing and initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART). Second, scientists are trying to develop a cure for HIV infection, which would alleviate the need for lifelong ART. Finally, preventing new cases of HIV infection, which currently number approximately 2.6 million per year globally, is critical to any attempt to end this pandemic. This article addresses each of these challenges and provides directions for the future.
Influenza vaccines for the future Lambert, Linda C; Fauci, Anthony S
New England journal of medicine/The New England journal of medicine,
11/2010, Letnik:
363, Številka:
21
Journal Article
The immune system normally responds to influenza virus by making neutralizing antibodies to regions of the viral spike, the hemagglutinin, that vary year to year. This natural response protects ...against circulating subtypes but necessitates production of new vaccines annually. Newer vaccine approaches have succeeded in eliciting broadly neutralizing antibodies to highly conserved yet vulnerable regions of the hemagglutinin and suggest potential pathways for the development of universal influenza vaccines.
Participants at the February 2011 meeting at the U.S. National Institutes of Health on Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) vaccine research recommend that future clinical trials have two goals: prevention of ...infectious mononucleosis and EBV-associated cancers, facilitated by identification of disease-predictive surrogate markers.
This article highlights biomedical research goals for the development of critical tools, including innovative diagnostics, safe and effective vaccines, and new and improved therapeutics, necessary to ...achieve an end to the global epidemic of sexually transmitted infections. The incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including gonorrhea, syphilis, chlamydia, and trichomoniasis, is increasing by over 1 million new cases daily and represents a global public health crisis. There is an alarming increase of gonorrhea and syphilis among men who have sex with men and bisexual men, 2 key populations also at high risk for human immunodeficiency virus. A refocused, dedicated, and intensive biomedical research program is needed targeting development of innovative diagnostics, safe and effective vaccines, and new and improved therapeutics. This article highlights biomedical research goals providing critical tools necessary to achieve an end to the global STIs epidemic.
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