With the dramatic development of source and detector components, terahertz (THz) spectroscopy technology has recently shown a renaissance in various fields such as medical, material, biosensing and ...pharmaceutical industry. As a rapid and noninvasive technology, it has been extensively exploited to evaluate food quality and ensure food safety. In this review, the principles and processes of THz spectroscopy are first discussed. The current state-of-the-art applications of THz and imaging technologies focused on foodstuffs are then discussed. The advantages and challenges are also covered. This review offers detailed information for recent efforts dedicated to THz for monitoring the quality and safety of various food commodities and the feasibility of its widespread application. THz technology, as an emerging and unique method, is potentially applied for detecting food processing and maintaining quality and safety.
The insect gut microbiota has been shown to contribute to the host's digestion, detoxification, development, pathogen resistance, and physiology. However, there is poor information about the ranking ...of these roles. Most of these results were obtained with cultivable bacteria, whereas the bacterial physiology may be different between free-living and midgut-colonizing bacteria. In this study, we provided both proteomic and genomic evidence on the ranking of the roles of gut bacteria by investigating the anal droplets from a weevil, Cryptorhynchus lapathi.
The gut lumen and the anal droplets showed qualitatively and quantitatively different subsets of bacterial communities. The results of 16S rRNA sequencing showed that the gut lumen is dominated by Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, whereas the anal droplets are dominated by Proteobacteria. From the anal droplets, enzymes involved in 31 basic roles that belong to 7 super roles were identified by Q-TOF MS. The cooperation between the weevil and its gut bacteria was determined by reconstructing community pathway maps, which are defined in this study. A score was used to rank the gut bacterial roles. The results from the proteomic data indicate that the most dominant role of gut bacteria is amino acid biosynthesis, followed by protein digestion, energy metabolism, vitamin biosynthesis, lipid digestion, plant secondary metabolite (PSM) degradation, and carbohydrate digestion, while the order from the genomic data is amino acid biosynthesis, vitamin biosynthesis, lipid digestion, energy metabolism, protein digestion, PSM degradation, and carbohydrate digestion. The PCA results showed that the gut bacteria form functional groups from the point of view of either the basic role or super role, and the MFA results showed that there are functional variations among gut bacteria. In addition, the variations between the proteomic and genomic data, analyzed with the HMFA method from the point of view of either the bacterial community or individual bacterial species, are presented.
The most dominant role of gut bacteria is essential nutrient provisioning, followed by digestion and detoxification. The weevil plays a pioneering role in diet digestion and mainly digests macromolecules into smaller molecules which are then mainly digested by gut bacteria.
The simultaneous effects of three continuous factors: solvent concentration (50−100%), treated times (25−85 min), treated temperatures (25−55 °C), and two categorical factors: type of solvents ...(methanol or ethanol) and ultrasonic frequency (28 kHz or 40 kHz) on ultrasonic-assisted extraction yield from waste orange peels were evaluated and optimized by response surface methodology. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy with a wavelength of 500 cm−1 to 4000 cm−1 was employed to rapidly identify the orange extracts. The significant polynomial regression models on crude extraction, sediments after evaporation, and precipitation yield were established (p < 0.05). Results revealed that solvent concentration affected crude extraction and precipitation yield linearly (p < 0.01). The optimal and practical ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions for increasing the precipitation yield were using 61.42% methanol with 85 min at 55 °C under 40 kHz ultrasonic frequency. The spectra of extracts showed a similar fingerprint of hesperidin.
On the size of rotating black holes Feng, Xing-Hui; Lü, H.
The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields,
06/2020, Letnik:
80, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Recently a sequence of inequalities relating the black hole horizon, photon sphere, shadow were proposed for spherically symmetric and static black holes, providing the upper bound for given mass. In ...this paper, we extend the discussion to include rotating black holes. When viewed from the north pole direction, the shadow remains a round disk, but the image is skewed when viewed from the equatorial plane. After properly implementing the “size” parameters for the rotating black holes, we verify that the sequence of inequalities remain valid for a variety of solutions, including Kerr, Kerr–Newman, Kerr–Sen and Kerr–Cvetič–Youm black holes. The upshot is that rotation makes both the actual and apparent sizes of a black hole smaller.
In the era of big data, the development of Internet technology has caused earth-shaking changes and innovations in various fields of the financial industry. Especially in the financial market, big ...data has become an important research topic. It can accelerate the deep integration of Blockchain technology with the most advanced information technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data, and the Internet of Things, as well as the in-depth integration with the real economy, and innovatively solve the “trilemma” of difficulties in loan financing for small and medium-sized enterprises, difficulties in bank risk control, and difficulties in departmental supervision. It can provide a way for the application and innovation of Blockchain, and it can also provide assistance for the development of the financial industry. Therefore, how to make good use of big data and better integrate it into the operation of the financial industry is the primary issue at present.
Since the emergence of the concept of chemical topology, interlocked molecular assemblies have graduated from academic curiosities and poorly defined species to become synthetic realities. ...Coordination-directed synthesis provides powerful, diverse, and increasingly sophisticated protocols for accessing interlocked molecules. Originally, metal ions were employed solely as templates to gather and position building blocks in entwined or threaded arrangements. Recently, metal centers have increasingly featured within the backbones of the integral structural elements, which in turn use noncovalent interactions to self-assemble into intricate topologies. By outlining ingenious recent examples as well as seminal classic cases, this Review focuses on the role of metal–ligand paradigms in assembling molecular links. In addition, the ever-evolving approaches to efficient assembly, the structural features of the resulting architectures, and their prospects for the future are also presented.
Exosomes are a novel class of intercellular signal modulators that contain a wide range of molecules and deliver information between cells and tissues. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a type of regulatory ...non‐coding RNA, are often incorporated into exosomes as signaling molecules. In this review, we discuss the expression of exosomal miRNAs from diverse origins such as tumor cells, solid tumor tissue, and biological fluids in various cancers (lung, breast, colorectal, liver, stomach, and pancreatic). We address the biological functions of exosome‐derived miRNAs in processes such as tumor‐cell proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and chemoresistance in the tumor microenvironment. In particular, we discuss three oncogenic miRNAs, miR‐21, miR‐141, and miR‐451, which occur within exosomes, in terms of gene regulation and intercellular communication. We consider therapeutic miRNA‐based nanoparticles, which are widely expressed in tumors and show promise in drug therapy. The review assesses the wide‐ranging evidence for using exosomal miRNAs as tumor markers in molecular diagnosis. Further, we consider the use of nanoparticle platforms to transport miRNAs, in the targeted treatment of disease and tumors.
We propose an active metasurface whose functionalities can be dynamically switched among linear-to-linear, linear-to-elliptical, and linear-to-circular polarization conversions in a wideband. The ...active metasurface is composed of butterfly-shaped unit cells embedded with voltage-controlled varactor diodes. By controlling the bias voltage of the varactor diodes, the electromagnetic responses of the proposed metasurface can be tailored, leading to reconfigurable polarization conversions. The simulation results reveal that with no bias voltage, the proposed metasurface is able to reflect linear-polarization waves to cross-polarization waves in the frequency range from 3.9 to 7.9 GHz, with a polarization conversion ratio of over 80%; however, at the bias voltage of −19 V, the metasurface is tuned to be a circular polarization converter in a wideband from 4.9 to 8.2 GHz. Moreover, two equivalent circuits along the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">x </tex-math></inline-formula>- and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">y </tex-math></inline-formula>-directions are developed to elucidate the tunable mechanism. The experimental results are in a good agreement with the simulation results obtained from commercial software and from the equivalent circuit model.
Based on the context of complexity = action (CA) conjecture, we calculate the holographic complexity of AdS black holes with planar and spherical topologies in Horndeski theory. We find that the rate ...of change of holographic complexity for neutral AdS black holes saturates the Lloyd’s bound. For charged black holes, we find that there exists only one horizon and thus the corresponding holographic complexity can’t be expressed as the difference of some thermodynamical potential between two horizons as that of Reissner–Nordstrom AdS black hole in Einstein–Maxwell theory. However, the Lloyd’s bound is not violated for charged AdS black hole in Horndeski theory.
We propose a supercompact and ultrawideband (UWB) bandpass filter for spoof surface plasmonic polariton (SSPP) mode. By using meander-line technology, the electrical size of the proposed SSPP ...structure is reduced dramatically, which is only about 1/4 of the traditional rectangular-groove structure with the same geometry. Based on the proposed SSPP structure, we construct a supercompact UWB bandpass filter working in the frequency range of 0.25-4.5 GHz, whose geometric size is only 87.5 × 12.8 mm 2 . The upper cutoff frequency of the passband can be controlled by changing the meander-line design of the SSPP unit, and the lower cutoff frequency of the passband is determined by the capacitive coupling of the feeding structure. Both the simulation and experimental results show that the UWB SSPP bandpass filter is centered at 2.4 GHz with an extremely wide relative bandwidth of 174%, whose electrical size is only 0.7λ × 0.1λ at the central frequency.
PDF
