It is important to study extended models containing more than one physical
Higgs boson in the spectrum. In particular, Two Higgs Doublet Models (2HDMs)
are attractive extensions of the SM, predicting ...new phenomena with the fewest
new parameters. The Higgs sector in the Minimal Supersymmetric extension of the
SM (MSSM) is a 2HDM itself. The neutral Higgs searches performed at LEP are
showing no evidence of the presence of a signal and have therefore been
interpreted in the context of 2HDMs. Depending on the model considered
exclusion of large regions of the parameter space can be obtained, but the
existence of the lightest Higgs boson with masses lower than 90 GeV is not
ruled out in all models by LEP. In the MSSM at least one of the neutral Higgs
bosons is predicted to have its mass close to the electroweak energy scale;
when radiative corrections are included, this mass should be less than about
140 GeV. This prediction provides a strong motivation for searches at present
and future colliders.
The results of the Higgs boson searches performed by the four LEP experiments
at centre-of-mass energies between 189 GeV and 209 GeV corresponding to an
integrated luminosity of 2461 pb$^{-1}$ are ...presented here. Searches have been
performed for Higgs in the Standard Model (SM), in 2 Higgs Doublet Models
(2HDM's), for doubly charged, fermiophobic and invisible Higgs as well as a
decay mode independent search. Most of the results of the four experiments have
been combined by the LEP Higgs working group.
It is important to study extended models containing more than one physical Higgs boson in the spectrum. In particular, Two Higgs Doublet Models (2HDMs) are attractive extensions of the SM, predicting ...new phenomena with the fewest new parameters. The Higgs sector in the Minimal Supersymmetric extension of the SM (MSSM) is a 2HDM itself. The neutral Higgs searches performed at LEP are showing no evidence of the presence of a signal and have therefore been interpreted in the context of 2HDMs. Depending on the model considered exclusion of large regions of the parameter space can be obtained, but the existence of the lightest Higgs boson with masses lower than 90 GeV is not ruled out in all models by LEP. In the MSSM at least one of the neutral Higgs bosons is predicted to have its mass close to the electroweak energy scale; when radiative corrections are included, this mass should be less than about 140 GeV. This prediction provides a strong motivation for searches at present and future colliders.
The results of the Higgs boson searches performed by the four LEP experiments at centre-of-mass energies between 189 GeV and 209 GeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2461 pb\(^{-1}\) are ...presented here. Searches have been performed for Higgs in the Standard Model (SM), in 2 Higgs Doublet Models (2HDM's), for doubly charged, fermiophobic and invisible Higgs as well as a decay mode independent search. Most of the results of the four experiments have been combined by the LEP Higgs working group.
Two Higgs Doublet Models are attractive extensions of the Standard Model. The most recent results obtained by the LEP collaborations on searches for Higgs bosons in the context of Two Higgs Doublet ...Models are presented.
O Transtorno Bipolar (TB) é uma doença psiquiátrica grave, altamente incapacitante que está associada com diversas comorbidades médicas e altas taxas de suicídio. Embora sua fisiopatologia não esteja ...completamente elucidada, inúmeros estudos têm mostrado alterações no sistema imune de indivíduos com TB. A resposta crônica destes indivíduos ao estresse parece gerar um aumento da inflamação sistêmica bem como da neuroinflamação. A micróglia ativada devido aos estímulos inflamatórios contínuos deve ocasionar diferentes prejuízos tanto bioquímicos quanto funcionas. Os macrófagos, primeira linha de defesa, são células de característica plástica de extrema importância do sistema imune e podem ser estimulados a polarizar para diferentes formas com liberação de fatores pró e antiinflamatórios, estimulando ou mantendo a homeostase no ambiente agredido de alguma forma. Desta forma, nosso trabalho buscou investigar a resposta fenotípica dos macrófagos contra o meio ambiente pró-inflamatório sistêmico observado no plasma de pacientes bipolares eutímicos, maníacos e depressivos em comparação aos controles. A amostra incluiu 5 controles saudáveis, 8 pacientes bipolares remetidos, 5 pacientes maníacos e 5 pacientes depressivos. As citocinas e quimiocinas de RNAm em células U937 tratadas com plasma mostraram um padrão de expressão diferente relativo entre controles saudáveis e pacientes com TB. As citoquinas inflamatórias tais como IL-1β e TNF-α, em pacientes bipolares maníacos e depressivos demonstram maiores quantidades de IL-1β mRNA do que os pacientes eutímicos e pacientes depressivos induziram maiores quantidades de RNAm de TNF-α do que os pacientes eutímicos em células U937. Já a expressão das quimiocinas CXCL9 e CXCL10 no plasma de pacientes com TB depressivos, demostraram ser de menor expressão significativa no grupo de pacientes maníacos quando comparados a controles e pacientes bipolares eutímicos. Nossos resultados sugerem que as citocinas periféticas devem modular a polarização M1 ou M2 de macrófagos no TB.
Bipolar Disorder (BD) is a severe and highly incapacitating psychiatric disorder which is associated with the presence of medical comorbidities. The progression of BD is related to an important cognitive deficit and also to biological and clinical manifestations that lead to treatment resistance and worse prognosis. Immune disturbances have been widely observed and investigated in BD patients. Chronic inflammatory responses induce neuroinflammation, mainly by pro-inflammatory microglial activation, and result in biochemical and functional impairment. Macrophages are the first line of defense of the immune system and exhibit cell plasticity. As well, microglia represents the resident macrophage of the central nervous system been responsible for its protection. Both cells can be stimulated to polarize into two different phenotypes, mainly pro- and anti-inflammatory, maintaining the homeostasis under physiologic and pathologic conditions. Therefore, we aimed to investigate macrophages phenotypical response when submitted to BD patients plasma in different episodes, which is considered a pro-inflammatory environment, and healthy controls plasma. Subjects included healthy controls (n=5), remitted BD patients (n=8), manic patients (n=5) and depressive patients (n=5). The mRNA expression of chemokynes and cytokines from U937 cells treated with BD patients plasma were different from those submitted to healthy controls plasma. Higher mRNA expression of IL-1β was observed in those cells submitted to manic and depressive BD patients plasma when compared to euthymic patients. Also, depressive BD patients plasma induced higher expression of TNF-α compared to euthymic patients. However, chemokynes expression, such as CXCL9 and CXCL10, were reduced in depressive BD patients. However, chemokynes expression, such as CXCL9 and CXCL10, were reduced in depressive BD patients. Inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and TNF-α in bipolar manic and depressive patients demonstrate higher amounts of IL-1β mRNA that euthymic patients and depressive patients induced higher amounts of TNF-α mRNA levels than the patients in euthymic U937. Since the expression of CXCL9 and CXCL10 chemokines in plasma from patients with depressive TB, proved less significant expression in the group of manic patients when compared to controls and euthymic bipolar patients.
Tracking and vertexing at ATLAS Ferrari, Pamela; on behalf of the ATLAS; Collaborations, CMS
arXiv.org,
07/2007
Paper, Journal Article
Odprti dostop
Several algorithms for tracking and for primary and secondary vertex reconstruction have been developed by the ATLAS collaboration following different approaches. This has allowed a thorough ...cross-check of the performances of the algorithms and of the reconstruction software. The results of the most recent studies on this topic are discussed and compared.
The treatment coverage for major depressive disorder (MDD) is low in many parts of the world despite MDD being a major contributor to disability globally. Most existing reviews of MDD treatment ...coverage do not account for potential sources of study-level heterogeneity that contribute to variation in reported treatment rates. This study aims to provide a comprehensive review of the evidence and analytically quantify sources of heterogeneity to report updated estimates of MDD treatment coverage and gaps by location and treatment type between 2000 and 2019.
A systematic review of the literature was conducted to identify relevant studies that provided data on treatment rates for MDD between January 1, 2000, and November 26, 2021, from 2 online scholarly databases PubMed and Embase. Cohort and cross-sectional studies were included if treatment rates pertaining to the last 12 months or less were reported directly or if sufficient information was available to calculate this along with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). Studies were included if they made use of population-based surveys that were representative of communities, countries, or regions under study. Studies were included if they used established diagnostic criteria to diagnose cases of MDD. Sample and methodological characteristics were extracted from selected studies. Treatment rates were modeled using a Bayesian meta-regression approach and adjusted for select covariates that quantified heterogeneity in the data. These covariates included age, sex, treatment type, location, and choice of MDD assessment tool. A total of 149 studies were included for quantitative analysis. Treatment coverage for health service use ranged from 51% 95% UI 20%, 82% in high-income locations to 20% 95% UI 1%, 53% in low- and lower middle-income locations. Treatment coverage for mental health service use ranged from 33% 95% UI 8%, 66% in high-income locations to 8% 95% UI <1%, 36% in low- and lower middle-income countries. Minimally adequate treatment (MAT) rates ranged from 23% 95% UI 2%, 55% in high-income countries to 3% 95% UI <1%, 25%) in low- and lower middle-income countries. A primary methodological limitation was the lack of sufficient data from low- and lower middle-income countries, which precluded our ability to provide more detailed treatment rate estimates.
In this study, we observed that the treatment coverage for MDD continues to be low in many parts of the world and in particular in low- and lower middle-income countries. There is a continued need for routine data collection that will help obtain more accurate estimates of treatment coverage globally.
An unresolved question for the understanding of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology is why a significant percentage of amyloid-β (Aβ)-positive cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals do not ...develop detectable downstream tau pathology and, consequently, clinical deterioration. In vitro evidence suggests that reactive astrocytes unleash Aβ effects in pathological tau phosphorylation. Here, in a biomarker study across three cohorts (n = 1,016), we tested whether astrocyte reactivity modulates the association of Aβ with tau phosphorylation in CU individuals. We found that Aβ was associated with increased plasma phosphorylated tau only in individuals positive for astrocyte reactivity (Ast
). Cross-sectional and longitudinal tau-positron emission tomography analyses revealed an AD-like pattern of tau tangle accumulation as a function of Aβ only in CU Ast
individuals. Our findings suggest astrocyte reactivity as an important upstream event linking Aβ with initial tau pathology, which may have implications for the biological definition of preclinical AD and for selecting CU individuals for clinical trials.
Mental disorders (MDs) are known risk factors for suicide. This systematic review updates the evidence base for this association and improves upon analytic approaches by incorporating study-level and ...methodological variables to account for measurement error in pooled suicide risk estimates.
A systematic review was conducted to review studies on MDs as risk factors for suicide. Relevant studies were searched using PubMed, Embase, PsychINFO, and existing reviews from 2010 to 19. Studies were eligible if they were longitudinal/case-control studies, representative of the general population, used diagnostic instruments, and quantified suicide risk. The outcome assessed was relative risks (RRs) for suicide due to MDs. A multi-level meta-regression approach was used to obtain pooled RRs adjusted for covariates and between-study effects.
We identified 20 eligible studies yielding 69 RRs. Disorder type, age, sex, use of psychological autopsy, study design, and adjustment for confounders were tested as predictors of pooled suicide risk. Overall, all disorders were significant predictors of suicide with predicted adjusted RRs ranging from 4·11 2·09, 8·09 for dysthymia to 7·64 4·3, 13·58 for major depressive disorder.
Our results indicate that MDs are important risk factors for suicide. This systematic review provides pooled RRs that have been adjusted for methodological sources of bias. Findings from our paper may inform suicide prevention strategies as part of national health agendas.
•Mental disorders are important risk factors for suicide.•Differences in study methodology may contribute to over or underestimation of study-reported suicide risk.•It is important to analytically quantify sources of variation when synthesizing published evidence on suicide risk in a meta-regression framework.
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