Temperature dependences of the resistivity ρ(
T
) of samples of granular high-temperature superconductor YBa
2
Cu
3
O
7 – δ
are measured at various transverse external magnetic fields at 0 <
H
ext
< ...1900 Оe in the temperature range from the upper Josephson critical temperature of “weak bonds”
T
c
2
J
to temperatures slightly exceeding the superconducting transition temperature
T
c
. Based on the data obtained, the behavior of the field dependences of the critical temperatures of superconducting grains and “weak bonds,” and temperature and field dependences of the magnetic contribution to the resistivity
Δ
ρ
(
T
,
H
)
=
ρ
(
T
)
H
e
x
t
=
c
o
n
s
t
−
ρ
(
T
)
H
e
x
t
=
0
. It is shown that the behavior of the magnetic contribution to the resistivity Δρ along the line of the phase transition related to the onset of the magnetic field penetration in the form of Abrikosov vortices into the subsystem of superconducting grains
T
c
1
g
(
H
ext
) is anomalous. The concepts on the magnetic flux redistribution between both subsystems of two-level HTSC near in the vicinity of
T
c
1
g
: the Josephson vortex decreases, and the Abrikosov vortex density increases.
Background: There is increasing recognition in medical education that greater emphasis must be placed on preparing graduating medical students for their new roles as interns. Few publications in the ...literature have described transition-to-residency curricula specifically for students interested in pediatrics or pediatric-related fields
Approach: We developed novel online pediatric cases, embedded within an innovative, hybrid transition-to-residency course, to address high yield, multi-disciplinary topics within the context of several of the AAMC's identified Entrustable Professional Activities
Evaluation: The pilot cases were evaluated over two academic years (2018, 2019) at a single academic medical center as part of routine student course evaluation (N = 18/35) with the 2019 evaluation containing additional retrospective pre-post survey questions (N = 9/18) assessing self-reported changes in knowledge. Almost all students were very satisfied or satisfied with the modules overall (94%), the quality of the resources provided (100%), and the structure and clarity of the presentation of the material (100%). Among the students who completed the retrospective pre-post survey after participation in the online modules, significant self-reported improvements were noted in writing orders to the pediatrics floor (Z = −2.07, p = 0.04), providing anticipatory guidance (Z = −2.0,p = 0.046), formulating a differential diagnosis for common pediatric conditions (Z = −2.24, P = 0.03), and preparedness for managing common pediatric floor emergencies (Z = −2.33, P = 0.02).
Reflection: We demonstrated feasibility of implementation of an interactive, online case-based curriculum, medical student satisfaction with content and delivery, and increased self-reported knowledge after completion of the pilot pediatric cases on the online, asynchronous learning platform.
Summary The long-term outcome of patients with mucoepidermoid carcinoma is poor. Limited availability of cell lines and lack of xenograft models is considered a major barrier to improved mechanistic ...understanding of this disease and development of effective therapies. Objective To generate and characterize human mucoepidermoid carcinoma cell lines and xenograft models suitable for mechanistic and translational studies. Methods Five human mucoepidermoid carcinoma specimens were available for generation of cell lines. Cell line tumorigenic potential was assessed by transplantation and serial in vivo passaging in immunodeficient mice, and cell line authenticity verified by short tandem repeat (STR) profiling. Results A unique pair of mucoepidermoid carcinoma cell lines was established from a local recurrence (UM-HMC-3A) and from the metastatic lymph node (UM-HMC-3B) of the same patient, 4 years after surgical removal of the primary tumor. These cell lines retained epithelial-like morphology through 100 passages in vitro , contain the Crtc1–Maml2 fusion oncogene (characteristic of mucoepidermoid carcinomas), and express the prototypic target of this fusion (NR4A2). Both cell lines generated xenograft tumors when transplanted into immunodeficient mice. Notably, the xenografts exhibited histological features and Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) staining patterns that closely resembled those found in human tumors. STR profiling confirmed the origin and authenticity of these cell lines. Conclusion These data demonstrate the generation and characterization of a pair of tumorigenic salivary mucoepidermoid carcinoma cell lines representative of recurrence and lymph node metastasis. Such models are useful for mechanistic and translational studies that might contribute to the discovery of new therapies for mucoepidermoid carcinoma.
Abstract Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) exhibit a small population of uniquely tumorigenic cancer stem cells (CSC) endowed with self-renewal and multipotency. We have recently shown ...that IL-6 enhances the survival and tumorigenic potential of head and neck cancer stem cells ( i.e. ALDHhigh CD44high cells). Here, we characterized the effect of therapeutic inhibition of IL-6 with a novel humanized anti-IL-6 antibody (MEDI5117) using three low-passage patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of HNSCC. We observed that single agent MEDI5117 inhibited the growth of PDX-SCC-M1 tumors ( P < .05). This PDX model was generated from a previously untreated HNSCC. In contrast, MEDI5117 was not effective at reducing overall tumor volume for PDX models representing resistant disease (PDX-SCC-M0, PDX-SCC-M11). Low dose MEDI5117 (3 mg/kg) consistently decreased the fraction of cancer stem cells in PDX models of HNSCC when compared to IgG-treated controls, as follows: PDX-SCC-M0 ( P < .001), PDX-SCC-M1 ( P < .001), PDX-SCC-M11 ( P = .04). Interestingly, high dose MEDI5117 (30 mg/kg) decreased the CSC fraction in the PDX-SCC-M11 model ( P = .002), but not in PDX-SCC-M0 and PDX-SCC-M1. MEDI5117 mediated a dose-dependent decrease in the number of orospheres generated by ALDHhigh CD44high cells cultured in ultra-low attachment plates ( P < .05), supporting an inhibitory effect on head and neck cancer stem cells. Notably, single agent MEDI5117 reduced the overall recurrence rate of PDX-SCC-M0, a PDX generated from the local recurrence of human HNSCC. Collectively, these data demonstrate that therapeutic inhibition of IL-6 with low-dose MEDI5117 decreases the fraction of cancer stem cells, and that adjuvant MEDI5117 inhibits recurrence in preclinical models of HNSCC.
The structure and magnetic properties of thin Co90Fe10 films have been studied to determine how different soft magnetic underlayers (Fe81B13.5Si3.5C2 (Metglas) and Ni81Fe19) influence these ...properties with the aim to achieve soft fcc Co90Fe10 films with large magnetostriction constants. The thickness of the Co90Fe10 films was 25nm with the thickness of the magnetic underlayer ranging from 15nm to 35nm. The effect of applying a magnetic field during the growth of both layers was also investigated. From X-ray diffraction, it was found that the Co90Fe10 films grown on NiFe had lower in-plane stresses compared to those grown on silicon and Metglas. While the coercive fields of all the Co90Fe10 films were smaller than the monolith Co90Fe10 film, the magnetostriction constants were strongly dependent on the underlayer they were grown on. Thus it is possible to tune the magnetostriction constant of the Co90Fe10 film to be positive or negative by selecting the correct soft magnetic underlayer.
•The coercive fields of CoFe films are reduced when grown on NiFe and Metglas layers.•CoFe magnetostriction constants can be tuned by selecting the correct underlayer.•Growing on NiFe is favourable to achieve soft CoFe films, than growing on Metglas.
Morphological Typology Stump, Gregory; Finkel, Raphael A.
07/2013, Letnik:
v.Series Number 138
eBook
Odprti dostop
In this radically new approach to morphological typology, the authors set out new and explicit methods for the typological classification of languages. Drawing on evidence from a diverse range of ...languages including Chinantec, Dakota, French, Fur, Icelandic, Ngiti and Sanskrit, the authors propose innovative ways of measuring inflectional complexity. Designed to engage graduate students and academic researchers, the book presents opportunities for further investigation. The authors' data sets and the computational tool that they constructed for their analysis are available online, allowing readers to employ them in their own research. Readers can access the online computational tool through www.cambridge.org/stump_finkel.
Objective:
To examine trends in child sleep, physical activity, and screen use during the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City with a prospective, longitudinal online survey of parents recruited from a ...large medical center.
Methods:
Data was collected Spring 2020 (“Complete Shutdown”) and Fall 2020 (“Partial Shutdown”). Outcomes were parental perceptions about changes in child sleep, physical activity, and screen time compared to before COVID-19; and contemporaneous measures of these child behaviors. We report contemporaneous responses and paired analyses to describe longitudinal changes.
Results:
Two hundred seventy-seven participants were surveyed during Complete Shutdown and 227 (81.9%) filled out a follow-up survey during Partial Shutdown. The largest percentage of parents at both time points perceived no change in child sleep, decreases in child exercise, and increases in child screen time. In paired analyses, perceptions shifted toward less sleep, more physical activity and less screen time from Complete Shutdown to Partial Shutdown.
Conclusion:
COVID-19 had negative impacts on child health behaviors that did not resolve over a 6-month period despite partial reopenings.
Here, we introduce the Early Relational Health (ERH) Learning Community's bold, large-scale, collaborative, data-driven and practice-informed research agenda focused on furthering our mechanistic ...understanding of ERH and identifying feasible and effective practices for making ERH promotion a routine and integrated component of pediatric primary care. The ERH Learning Community, formed by a team of parent/caregiver leaders, pediatric care clinicians, researchers, and early childhood development specialists, is a workgroup of Nurture Connection-a hub geared toward promoting ERH, i.e., the positive and nurturing relationship between young children and their parent(s)/caregiver(s), in families and communities nationwide. In response to the current child mental health crisis and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) policy statement promoting ERH, the ERH Learning Community held an in-person meeting at the AAP national headquarters in December 2022 where members collaboratively designed an integrated research agenda to advance ERH. This agenda weaves together community partners, clinicians, and academics, melding the principles of participatory engagement and human-centered design, such as early engagement, co-design, iterative feedback, and cultural humility. Here, we present gaps in the ERH literature that prompted this initiative and the co-design activity that led to this novel and iterative community-focused research agenda, with parents/caregivers at the core, and in close collaboration with pediatric clinicians for real-world promotion of ERH in the pediatric primary care setting.
Poor infant sleep quality is associated with negative maternal and infant health outcomes. This study measures socioeconomic disparities in infant sleep quality, and assesses whether child sleep ...location and maternal stress mediate associations between socioeconomic status (SES) and infant sleep quality. The study includes 86 socioeconomically diverse, mother-infant dyads living in an urban area with infants aged 6–12 months. Mothers reported socioeconomic demographics, infant sleep quality (Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire) and maternal subjective stress (Perceived Stress Scale). Maternal objective stress was measured via hair cortisol concentration (HCC). The associations among SES, infant sleep quality, infant co-rooming, and maternal stress were assessed. Infants from families with lower income-to-needs (ITN) ratios had poorer infant sleep quality. The association between familial ITN and infant sleep quality was mediated by whether the child co-rooms with parents. Maternal perceived stress was independently associated with infant sleep quality, but HCC was not associated with infant sleep quality.
PDF
