To determine the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonographically (US) and stereotactically guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in the diagnosis of nonpalpable breast lesions.
At 18 institutions, ...442 women who underwent 22-25-gauge imaging-guided FNAB were enrolled. Definitive surgical, core-needle biopsy, and/or follow-up information was available for 423 (95.7%) of these women. The reference standard was established from additional clinical and imaging information for an additional six (1.4%) women who did not undergo further histopathologic evaluation. The FNAB protocol was standardized at all institutions, and all specimens were reread by one of two expert cytopathologists.
When insufficient samples were included in the analysis and classified as positive, the sensitivity and specificity of FNAB were 85%-88% and 55.6%-90.5%, respectively; accuracy ranged from 62.2% to 89.2%. The diagnostic accuracy of FNAB was significantly better for detection of masses than for detection of calcifications (67.3% vs. 53.8%, P =.006) and with US guidance than with stereotactic guidance (77.2% vs. 58.9%; P =.002).
FNAB of nonpalpable breast lesions has limited value given the high insufficient sample rate and greater diagnostic accuracy of other interventions, including core-needle biopsy and needle-localized open surgical biopsy.
Between January 1, 1973, and December 31, 1988, the authors or their associates performed 552 fine-needle aspiration biopsies on patients with clinically significant masses of the salivary glands. ...All patients presented at the Medical College of Virginia Hospitals or Clinics of Virginia Commonwealth University; they were followed for periods ranging from 1 to 16 years. When available, the fine-needle aspiration diagnoses were correlated with histologic diagnoses and long-term patient outcomes. The sensitivity for a neoplasm was 93.3%; the specificity for the absence of a neoplasm was 99%. Diagnostic efficiency was 96.4%, and predictive value of a positive aspiration for a neoplasm was 98.3%. With fine-needle aspiration, surgical excision of salivary gland masses is often unnecessary. In patients with primary and metastatic neoplasms involving the salivary glands, fine-needle aspiration aids the surgeon in mapping the extent of the surgical procedure and in preoperatively preparing the patient. The procedure is cost-effective.
Fish are the most diverse and widely distributed vertebrates, yet little is known about the microbial ecology of fishes nor the biological and environmental factors that influence fish microbiota. To ...identify factors that explain microbial diversity patterns in a geographical subset of marine fish, we analyzed the microbiota (gill tissue, skin mucus, midgut digesta and hindgut digesta) from 101 species of Southern California marine fishes, spanning 22 orders, 55 families and 83 genera, representing ~25% of local marine fish diversity. We compare alpha, beta and gamma diversity while establishing a method to estimate microbial biomass associated with these host surfaces. We show that body site is the strongest driver of microbial diversity while microbial biomass and diversity is lowest in the gill of larger, pelagic fishes. Patterns of phylosymbiosis are observed across the gill, skin and hindgut. In a quantitative synthesis of vertebrate hindguts (569 species), we also show that mammals have the highest gamma diversity when controlling for host species number while fishes have the highest percent of unique microbial taxa. The composite dataset will be useful to vertebrate microbiota researchers and fish biologists interested in microbial ecology, with applications in aquaculture and fisheries management.
Abstract
Pelagic predators are effective biological samplers of midtrophic taxa and are especially useful in deep-sea habitats where relatively mobile taxa frequently avoid observation with ...conventional methods. We examined specimens sampled from the stomachs of longnose lancetfish,
Alepisaurus ferox
, to describe the diets and foraging behaviors of three common, but poorly known deep-sea fishes: the hammerjaw (
Omosudis lowii
, n = 79, 0.3–92 g), juvenile common fangtooth (
Anoplogaster cornuta
, n = 91, 0.6–22 g), and juvenile
Al. ferox
(n = 138, 0.3–744 g). Diet overlap among the three species was high, with five shared prey families accounting for 63 ± 11% of the total prey mass per species. However, distinct differences in foraging strategies and prey sizes were evident. Resource partitioning was greatest between
An. cornuta
that specialized on small (mean = 0.13 ± 0.11 g), shallow-living hyperiid amphipods and
O. lowii
that specialized on large (mean = 0.97 ± 0.45 g), deep-dwelling hatchetfishes. Juvenile
Al. ferox
foraged on a high diversity of prey from both shallow and deep habitats. We describe the foraging ecologies of three midtrophic fish competitors and demonstrate the potential for biological samplers to improve our understanding of deep-sea food webs.
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