V delu obravnavamo medkulturne identitete Italijanov, ki nastopajo v romanih Travniška kronika Iva Andrića in Turško ogledalo (Török tükör) Viktorja Horvata. Analizirana romana imata nekaj stičnih ...točk. Večkulturna okolja spremljajo refleksije na družbene polome in se s svojimi pridobljenimi mehanizmi odzivajo nanje.
ABSTRACT The paper deals with the research aimed at evaluating the possibilities and the level of influence of modern teaching methods on the quality of literary text analysis. Modern teaching ...methods certainly have a certain influence on student's literary experience and ability to analyse literary works. We have researched the aforementioned level of influence within the specific educational sphere using literary excerpts in the phase of text localisation. The research presents the results of parallel group experiments, carried out in the seventh grades. Given that the essence of the model lies in redefining the role of text localization and, therefore, the perception of the text, it was assumed that the changes would have a positive impact on the relation of students to literary excerpts, their attitudes towards the literary work as a whole, success in mastering the teaching literary material. Hence, the main task of this study was to determine whether or not and to what extent experimental teaching compared to traditional teaching resulted in the expected change in the attitudes of students towards teaching on how to interpret literary excerpts and students' success in mastering this type of literary text. The aim is to contribute to the overall teaching of literary excerpt interpretation in the context of multimedia experience with the multi-dimensional art and more complex demands of modern education and modern literature. Key words: literary excerpt, literary text, localization, methodological models---SAŽETAK Rad se bavi istraživanjem koje je provedeno s ciljem vrednovanja mogućnosti i razine utjecaja suvremenih nastavnih metoda na kvalitetu analize književnoga teksta. Suvremene nastavne metode zacijelo imaju stanoviti utjecaj na učenikovo književno iskustvo i sposobnost analize književnih djela. Istražili smo gore spomenutu razinu utjecaja u specifičnom odgojno- obrazovnom području koristeći se književnim ulomkom u fazi lokalizacije teksta kao primjerom. Istraživanje sadrži rezultate eksperimenata s paralelnim skupinama u sedmom razredu. Polazeći od toga da je bit modela u redefiniranju uloge lokalizacije teksta, a samim tim i percepcije teksta, pretpostavilo se da promjene do kojih dolazi imaju pozitivan utjecaj na odnos učenika prema književnom ulomku, njegova stajališta prema književnom djelu kao cjelini, uspjeh u svladavanju gradiva iz književnosti. Glavni je zadatak istraživanja stoga bio utvrditi utječe li i u kojoj mjeri eksperimentalna nastava, u odnosu na tradicionalnu, na očekivane promjene u stajalištima učenika prema tumačenju književnih ulomaka u nastavi i uspjehu učenika u svladavanju ove vrste književnih tekstova. Cilj je istraživanja pridonijeti sveukupnom poučavanju o tumačenju književnog ulomka u kontekstu multimedijskog iskustva s višedimenzionalnom umjetnošću te složenijih zahtjeva suvremenog obrazovanja i književnosti. Ključne riječi: književni ulomak, književni tekst, lokalizacija, metodički modeli
Rad se bavi istraživanjem koje je provedeno s ciljem vrednovanja mogućnosti i razine utjecaja suvremenih nastavnih metoda na kvalitetu analize književnoga teksta. Suvremene nastavne metode zacijelo ...imaju stanoviti utjecaj na učenikovo književno iskustvo i sposobnost analize književnih djela. Istražili smo gore spomenutu razinu utjecaja u specifičnom odgojno- obrazovnom području koristeći se književnim ulomkom u fazi lokalizacije teksta kao primjerom. Istraživanje sadrži rezultate eksperimenata s paralelnim skupinama u sedmom razredu. Polazeći od toga da je bit modela u redefiniranju uloge lokalizacije teksta, a samim tim i percepcije teksta, pretpostavilo se da promjene do kojih dolazi imaju pozitivan utjecaj na odnos učenika prema književnom ulomku, njegova stajališta prema književnom djelu kao cjelini, uspjeh u svladavanju gradiva iz književnosti. Glavni je zadatak istraživanja stoga bio utvrditi utječe li i u kojoj mjeri eksperimentalna nastava, u odnosu na tradicionalnu, na očekivane promjene u stajalištima učenika prema tumačenju književnih ulomaka u nastavi i uspjehu učenika u svladavanju ove vrste književnih tekstova. Cilj je istraživanja pridonijeti sveukupnom poučavanju o tumačenju književnog ulomka u kontekstu multimedijskog iskustva s višedimenzionalnom umjetnošću te složenijih zahtjeva suvremenog obrazovanja i književnosti.
This research is focused on the assessment of the pollution status of river and lake sediments near Pb, Zn, and Cu mines and tailings in the southeastern part of Serbia—Krajište area. The study is ...based on hypothesis that investigated rivers and lakes in the Krajište area could be polluted by potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and that these elements could pose considerable ecological risk to the studied surface water environment. High PTE contents are detected in studied river sediments (up to 7892 mg kg
−1
for Zn, 3224 mg kg
−1
for Cu, 36,790 mg kg
−1
for Pb, 64.2 mg kg
−1
for Cd, and 1444 mg kg
−1
for As). Given that the contents of the studied elements in most of the river sediments exceeded the background values, values prescribed by regulations of the Republic of Serbia, as well as probable effect concentration (PEL), it is possible to conclude that sediments were heavily polluted and that detrimental effects can be expected. Contamination indices including the enrichment factor (EF), contamination factor (CF), index of geoaccumulation (Igeo), potential ecological risk index (Eri), ecological risk index (RI), pollution load index (PLI), and aggregative toxicity index (ATI) were used to assess the degree of pollution by PTEs. The ecological risk assessment revealed that there is a significant risk observed for toxic elements (primarily Pb, Cu, Cd, and As) at this moment. The highest contamination indices (EF, Igeo, CF, PLI, and ATI) are mainly associated with historical and current mining activities. The Monte Carlo analysis based on the risk assessment indices was used to evaluate the uncertainty. The most pronounced toxic risk is found for the Pb, Cu, Cd, and As which assessment was in the range of high and extremely high-risk probabilities. The obtained results suggest that levels of toxic elements pose a significant ecological risk to the surface water environment near Pb, Zn, and Cu mines in the Krajište area. The methodology applied in this paper could be very useful for other researchers dealing with the problem of environmental pollution by toxic elements.
Chemical composition and antioxidative, genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of essential oil (EO) and post-distillation waste (PDW) of Serbian Juniperus communis L. var. saxatilis Pall. was studied in ...human lung carcinoma (A549) and normal lung fibroblast (MRC-5) cells. GC-MS analysis identified 93.95% of total EO content and determined α-pinen as a dominant component (23.61%). LC-MS/MS analysis of PDW pointed at rutin (12.2 mg g−1) and quinic acid (11.1 mg g−1) as the most abundant. Antioxidativity of PDW was strong in DPPH (IC50 was 5.27 μg mL−1), and moderate in TBA and FRAP assays. Both substances were more cytotoxic to A549 than to MRC-5 cells. Obtained IC50 values were 69.4 μg mL−1 and 120 μg mL−1 for EO, and 1.27 mg mL−1 and 2.86 mg mL−1 for PDW, respectively. PDW was genotoxic (0.3 mg mL−1 and 1 mg mL−1 in A549 and MRC-5 cells, respectively) and induced apoptosis and arrested cell cycle in G2/M phase in A549 cells (0.3 mg mL−1). In mixtures with doxorubicin cytotoxicity of EO and PDW increased, and combination index values (0.12–0.18) revealed clear synergistic effect, stronger in cancer cells. This indicates that J. communis var. saxatilis could decrease the chemotherapeutic doses of doxorubicin, potentially reducing its side effects.
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•Dominant constituents of essential oil (EO) of Juniperus communis was α-pinen.•Dominant identified constituent of post-distillation waste (PDW) was rutin.•Strong antioxidant, apoptotic and genotoxic effects were determined only for PDW.•EO and PDW induced stronger cytotoxicity in cancer than in normal lung cells.•Synergism in cytotoxicity of EO and PDW in combination with doxorubicin was found.
This study was performed to derive the first insight into the distribution of low-field volume magnetic susceptibility (MS) throughout Zagreb city, based on in situ field measurements. The most ...interesting locations were selected for soil sampling and their geochemical contents were determined using ICP-OES. A geostatistical approach was applied to the MS and geochemical results. A median of 0.245 × 10−3 SI units was proposed as the average MS value in Zagreb. The mean concentrations of heavy metals in Zagreb’s soils (in µg/g) are Pb (36.82), Zn (87.77), Cu (30.84), Cd (0.66), Cr (29.04), Co (11.89), and Ni (28.40), and these measurements are relatively low in comparison to the Croatian legislation and the European and world average. Boxplot analyses demonstrate that 45% of the studied elements do not feature any anomalies, while most of the remaining elements indicate only one weak anomaly located at the same site as the MS anomalies. Our statistical analysis found significant correlations between MS and the following elements: Cd, Co, Fe, Mn, Na, Pb, Sb, and Zn. In situ MS measurements proved to be an efficient tool for the initial screening of large areas with elevated concentrations of heavy elements, enabling the cheap and fast assessment of the state of the environment.
This study investigated the quality of Kupa River sediment using sequential extraction, ecological risk, and contamination indexes (Risk assessment code, Index of geoaccumulation, Enrichment factor, ...Ecological risk factor, Ecological risk index), determination of magnetic susceptibility of sediments, and statistical methods. The BCR sequential extraction technique was used for evaluating various element-binding forms. Most of the elements were considered to be immobile due to the high availability in the residual fraction. Lead was present mainly in the reducible fraction, while more easily mobile and bioavailable forms were predominant for cadmium and barium. Sediment samples from the river catchment exhibited low ecological risk. The most toxic element, Cd, is the main contributor to the total potentially ecological risk. Increased values of contamination factors have been observed for Zn, Cr, and Ba in some localities. Results of the comparison of element contents in sediments in a 15-year period (2018 vs. 2003) indicated that the situation with toxic element content in sediments along Kupa River improved formost of its course. Unfortunately, on the lower course of the river, the situation has worsened. Using the example of Kupa River sediments, it was shown that the magnetic susceptibility method is excellent indetecting increased values of Cr.
In this manuscript, samples of Kupa River sediments were examined using three different extraction agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of single extraction procedures to ...investigate the bioavailability and mobility of major and trace elements (Al, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S, Si, Sr, Ti, V, and Zn) from river sediment. Two forms of studied elements were evaluated: mobile, the most toxic element form (extraction with 1 M CH3COONH4 and 0.01 M CaCl2) and potentially mobilized form (2 M HNO3 extraction). The estimation of the ecological risk, with the application of the probability distribution of RI (potential ecological risk index) values, is yielded with the help of the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS). Ammonium acetate is proved to be a better extraction agent than calcium chloride. A positive correlation between the content of all extracted elements with nitric acid and the total element content indicates that 2 M HNO3 efficiently extracts all studied elements. Results showed anthropogenic sources of cadmium and copper and high barium mobility. The MCS suggests that risk of Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn was low; As and Cd posed a lower and median ecological risk in the studied areas.
Increasing pollutant levels in surface water are a very important problem in developing countries. In Serbia, the largest rivers are transboundary rivers that cross the border already polluted. ...Taking this into account, evaluation of the distribution characteristics, ecological risk, and sources of toxic elements in river water and surface sediments in the watercourses of the Vlasina watershed is of great significance for the protection of water resources in Serbia. A total of 17 sediment and 18 water samples were collected and analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma—Optical Emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and Inductively Coupled Plasma—Mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to determine micro- and macroelements contents. The geo-accumulation index (I
geo
) was applied to determine and classify the magnitude of toxic element pollution in this river sediment. The contents of the studied toxic elements were below water and sediment quality guidelines. For studied river water, results of principal component analysis (PCA) indicated the difference in behavior of Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, and As and V, respectively. Cluster analysis (CA) classified water samples according to As and Cu content. The PCA results revealed that lead in river sediments had different behavior than other elements and can be associated mainly with anthropogenic sources. According to the degree of I
geo
, the majority of sediments in the Vlasina region were uncontaminated regarding studied toxic elements. The origin of elements is mostly from natural processes such as soil and rock weathering.
This study investigated the quality of Kupa River sediment using sequential extraction, ecological risk, and contamination indexes (Risk assessment code, Index of geoaccumulation, Enrichment factor, ...Ecological risk factor, Ecological risk index), determination of magnetic susceptibility of sediments, and statistical methods. The BCR sequential extraction technique was used for evaluating various element-binding forms. Most of the elements were considered to be immobile due to the high availability in the residual fraction. Lead was present mainly in the reducible fraction, while more easily mobile and bioavailable forms were predominant for cadmium and barium. Sediment samples from the river catchment exhibited low ecological risk. The most toxic element, Cd, is the main contributor to the total potentially ecological risk. Increased values of contamination factors have been observed for Zn, Cr, and Ba in some localities. Results of the comparison of element contents in sediments in a 15-year period (2018 vs. 2003) indicated that the situation with toxic element content in sediments along Kupa River improved formost of its course. Unfortunately, on the lower course of the river, the situation has worsened. Using the example of Kupa River sediments, it was shown that the magnetic susceptibility method is excellent indetecting increased values of Cr. Keywords: potentially toxic elements; Kupa River; Croatia; sediment; chemical fractions
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