Purpose.
The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of moderate physical exercise throughout pregnancy on the duration of labor stages.
Design.
Study was a randomized controlled trial.
...Setting.
The study took place at Hospital Puerta de Hierro and Hospital Severo Ochoa in Madrid, Spain.
Subjects.
We examined 166 pregnant women (31.6 ± 3.8 years), and all had uncomplicated and singleton gestation. Of these 83 were allocated to the exercise group (EG) and 83 to the control group (CG).
Intervention.
Women from the EG participated in a physical conditioning program throughout pregnancy, which included 55- to 60-minute sessions, 3 days per week.
Measures.
Pregnancy outcomes were measured: duration of labor stages, gestational age, weight gain, type of delivery, birth weight, birth size, head circumference, Apgar score, pH of umbilical cord.
Analysis.
Student's unpaired t-tests and χ2 tests were used; p values of < .05 indicated statistical significance. Cohen's d was used to determine the effect size.
Results.
Significant differences were found in the duration of the first stage of labor (EG = 389.6 ± 347.64 minutes vs. CG = 515.72 ± 353.36 minutes; p = .02, effect size Cohen's d = .36). The second and third stages did not differ between the study groups.
Conclusion.
A physical exercise program during pregnancy is associated with a shorter first stage of labor. These results may have important relevance to public health.
Data processing in sports is a phenomenon increasingly present at all levels, from professionals in search of tools to improve their performance to beginners motivated by the quantification of their ...physical activity. In this work, a comparison between some of the main machine learning and deep learning algorithms is carried out in order to classify padel tennis strokes. Up to 13 representative padel tennis strokes are classified. Before a classification of padel tennis strokes is performed, a sufficiently representative data set is needed that collects numerous examples of the performance of these strokes. Since there was no similar data set in the literature, we proceeded to the creation of such a data set, for which we developed a data collection system based on an electronic device with an inertial measurement unit. Using the developed data set, the machine learning and deep learning algorithms were hyperparameterized to compare their performance under the best possible configurations. The algorithms were fed with both the temporal series of the acceleration and speed of the six degrees of freedom and also with feature engineering input, consisting in calculating the mean, maximum, and minimum values for each axis. The algorithms evaluated are: fully connected or dense neural networks, 1D convolutional neural networks, decision tree, K nearest neighbors, support vector machines, and eigenvalue classification. According to the results achieved, the best algorithm is the 1D convolutional neural network with temporal series input that achieves an accuracy higher than 93%. However, other simpler algorithms such as dense networks and support vector machines achieve similar results.
In the 2020/21 academic year, were occupied by women only 22.23% of the places in the Degree in Physical Activity and Sports Sciences (CAFYD) in Spain. This research analyzes the trend in the number ...of women interested and enrolled in these studies in the Community of Madrid. Secondly, it also explores whether the explanatory role of each of the physical tests in the global result differs between men and women. The sample consisted of the 8.061 applicants (6.614 men and 1.447 women) enrolled in the access test to engage in the CAFYD Degree between 2009 and 2021. Regarding the first objective, despite the high differences found between the percentage of men and women who overcame the tests, it seems there is a tendency for these differences to be reduced (%women2009=15.69 vs %women2021=22.36), with a higher percentage of women applicants considered suitable who finally obtain a place (10% more than men). About the second objective, the logistic regression analysis revealed that all the physical tests were significant in predicting the success of men in passing the tests (β >.17 and <.52, p.<.001). However, among women, the scores in coordination exercises (β =.07, p. =.25), throwing (β =-.06, p. =.30), and flexibility (β = .07, p.=.71) did not seem to be significant in the prediction of the success to pass the physical test. Results suggest that physical tests may currently be more discriminate in explaining physical aptitude for men than for women.
Physical education (PE) provides an important achievement setting for researchers to investigate social comparison processes, however, our understanding of how these processes function, and their ...consequences, remains limited in this setting. The present study aimed to determine the role of two frames of reference (the class and a chosen individual), motives for comparison, and motivational regulations in predicting physical self-concept (PSC), self-efficacy, and positive/negative affect in PE. Four hundred and ninety-one adolescents (Mage = 14.75, SD = 0.90 years, nested within 28 PE classes and nine teachers) completed a multi-section inventory assessing the key constructs. Multilevel modeling analysis showed that students’ perceptions of ability compared to the class as a whole were pertinent in determining all outcomes whereas comparisons with an individual were less influential. As for the effects of motives for comparison, both self-efficacy and positive affect were positively predicted by self-evaluation and self-improvement. In terms of motivational regulations, findings suggested that more autonomous forms of motivation positively predicted PSC, self-efficacy and positive affect, and were inversely related with negative affect. The results also endorsed the utility of studying intrapersonal moderators of social comparisons in PE, and provide important implications for professional practice.
Diversos estudios internacionales ponen de manifiesto la importancia que tienen los profesionales del mundo del deporte. Los perfiles de intereses y valores vocacionales de esta comunidad profesional ...definen en gran medida su identidad vocacional y su identificación puede ser de utilidad para llevar a cabo procesos de orientación. El principal objetivo de este trabajo es explorar la identidad vocacional específica de los estudiantes de 2.º de Bachillerato que tienen como opción preferente acceder a los estudios del Grado en Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte (CCAFyD) y contribuir así a mejorar los procesos de orientación vocacional de esta población. Participaron 4715 sujetos de 2.º de Bachillerato de la Comunidad de Madrid, el 43,9% son varones y el 56,1% mujeres, con una edad media de 17.37 años (DT= .65) que completaron la batería de cuestionarios de orientación que se ofrecen en el e-portafolio vocacional del Proyecto Orión (www.upcomillas.es/myvip). Los resultados revelan que existen diferencias en los intereses y valores vocacionales de los estudiantes de 2.º de Bachillerato que tienen como opción principal estudiar CCAFyD en relación al resto de estudiantes. Concretamente, manifiestan interés hacia el área vocacional de “Deportes”, pero también hacia “Protección y Seguridad”, “Sanidad” y “Enseñanza y Orientación”. Finalmente, como valores vocacionales característicos presentan “Realizar una actividad divertida” y tener un “Horario laboral conciliable con la vida personal”. Se discute si las características vocacionales que presentan los jóvenes que se plantean realizar estudios de CCAFyD son las que se precisan para el ejercicio profesional que demanda actualmente nuestra sociedad.
Background:
Prenatal depression is associated with an increased risk of physical, physiological, cardiovascular, and psychological diseases for mothers and future newborns. Prenatal depression and ...depressive symptoms could have negative effects on the cognitive, emotional, social, and behavioral development of children.
Objective:
This study aimed to examine the influence of exercise during pregnancy on the prevalence of prenatal depression and depressive symptoms in the scientific literature.
Data Sources:
A search was carried out examining different online databases up to November 2020.
Methods of Study Selection:
A systematic review with random effects meta-analysis was performed. Only randomized controlled trials published in English or Spanish with pregnant populations and interventions with exercise programs carried out during pregnancy were included. The scores obtained by the tools that measured the emotional state and depressive symptoms as well as the number and percentage of depressed women of the study groups were analyzed.
Tabulation, Integration, and Results:
We analyzed 15 studies and found a negative association between moderate exercise during pregnancy and prenatal depression (ES = −0.36, 95% CI = −0.58, −13,
I
2
= 80.2%, P
heterogeneity
= 0.001). In addition, the studies also showed that women who were inactive during pregnancy had a 16% higher probability of suffering prenatal depression RR = 0.84 (95% IC = 0.74, 0.96)
I
2
= 61.9%, P
heterogeneity
= 0.010.
Conclusion:
Supervised exercise during pregnancy may be useful for the prevention and reduction of prenatal depression and depressive symptoms.
Systematic Review Registration:
Registered in PROSPERO (Registration No. CRD42020164819).
The present study investigated how challenge-based learning (CBL) in physical education (PE) may affect students' basic psychological needs (BPNs), motivational regulations, engagement, and learning ...in comparison with a traditional teaching (TT) methodology. A quasiexperimental study with experimental and control groups was carried out. In total, 50 participants (16 boys and 34 girls) between 13 and 15 years old (M
= 13.35, SD = 0.62) were involved in the experience for 6 weeks (n
= 24; n
= 26). Validated questionnaires were administered both before and after the intervention in both groups. Furthermore, theoretical knowledge and badminton-specific motor skill tests were carried out in both groups after the intervention. An analysis showed that after the intervention, students in the CBL condition improved their autonomy (M
= 3.15 vs. M
= 3.39; ES = 0.26 *), competence (M
= 4.01 vs. M
= 4.18; ES = 0.33 *), and relatedness satisfaction (M
= 3.86 vs. M
= 4.06; ES = 0.32 *). As for behavioural engagement measures, students in the CBL condition exhibited higher scores after than those from before (M
= 4.12 vs. M
= 4.36; ES = 0.35 *). No significant changes were observed for motivational regulations or agentic engagement. On learning outcomes, students in the experimental group achieved higher scores in both theoretical knowledge (M
= 6.48 vs. M
= 6.79) and badminton-specific motor skills (M
= 6.85 vs. M
= 7.65) than the control group did. The present study findings highlight that CBL might be a valid and effective methodological approach for students in PE to achieve adaptive motivational, behavioural, and learning outcomes.
Staying physically active is synonymous with good health and well-being, and its benefits on the health of people with intellectual disabilities (PWIDs) have been studied. However, there is a lack of ...information on how it can influence their quality of life (QoL). This study aimed to analyze the relationship between QoL and physical activity in PWIDs according to gender and the characteristics of the practiced activity. A questionnaire was administered to 380 PWIDs (mean age of 28.23 ± 12.53), 54.21% of which were men. The QoL dimensions and second-order factors were studied in relation to practicing physical activity, the practice type, the context, and gender. The results indicate that people who practiced any activity showed better QoL values. Those who engaged in a nonregulated physical activity had better values in self-determination, emotional well-being, social inclusion, and personal development, while those who did sports presented higher scores in interpersonal relationships and physical well-being. In addition, it also appears that the association between physical activity and the QoL dimensions is distinct in inclusive and specific contexts. In conclusion, physical activity is related to a better QoL, although the impact of the practice type and context differs for each QoL dimension.
Miscarriage is an inability to complete the normal process of pregnancy and childbirth and represents a major concern for pregnant women that can be an emotionally devastating event. While it has ...been suggested that engaging in strenuous physical activity might be associated with an elevated risk of miscarriage, there is a recent systematic review that suggested that prenatal exercise is not associated with fetal mortality. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis (SR + MA) was to assess the effects of physical activity during pregnancy on the likelihood of experiencing a miscarriage (Registration No.: CRD42022370629). Thirteen randomized clinical trials (3728 pregnant women) were included. Meta-analyses were conducted with the dependent variable being the miscarriage ratio in each study. The total risk ratio (RR) sum was calculated using a random effects model. The I2 statistic was utilized to quantify the heterogeneity observed in the results. No significant association between exercise during pregnancy and the occurrence of miscarriage was found (RR = 0.83 95% CI = 0.83 (0.49–1.41); z = 0.69, p = 0.49; I2 = 0.00%, Heterogeneity p = 0.91). Results of the present SR + MA showed no increase in miscarriage risk in those who engaged in low- to moderate-intensity exercise compared to those who did not.
Abstract The present study aims to test a model in which basic psychological needs (BPN) satisfaction in physical‐sport activity contexts is associated with self‐determined motivation, which, in ...turn, would predict the social inclusion of people with intellectual disabilities. A total of 286 people with intellectual disabilities (53.5% men) who reported engaging in physical‐sport activities responded to a validated questionnaire about the satisfaction of their BPN, motivation (using the Self‐determination index SDI), and social inclusion. A Pearson's bivariate correlation and structural equation modeling were conducted. The resulting model was reanalyzed in a multigroup analysis to test its invariance across self and proxy reports. Positive associations were found between the satisfaction of the BPN and the SDI. However, the SDI and social inclusion were positively associated only in proxy reports (βself = 0.07 vs. βproxy = 0.30). The tested model established positive relationships between the BPN and SDI in autonomy (βself = 0.21 vs. βproxy = 0.18), competence (βself = 0.47 vs. βproxy = 0.53), and relatedness (βself = 0.21 vs. βproxy = 0.23). Further research is needed to understand the factors leading to discrepancies between participants and proxies when relating the SDI to social inclusion in the context of physical‐sport activity. However, the results obtained suggest that it would be optimal to develop contexts of practice for people with intellectual disabilities in which the satisfaction of their BPN is favored and that this has a positive impact on their motivation and social inclusion.
Highlights In the context of physical‐sport activity practice, the satisfaction of basic psychological needs in people with intellectual disabilities seems to be associated with developing more self‐determined motivation, with a strong association found between competence satisfaction and self‐determined motivation. Self‐determination index appears to have a positive relationship with the social inclusion of people with intellectual disabilities in physical‐sport activity contexts. Discrepancies have been found between the perceptions of people with intellectual disabilities and proxies regarding the terms of this relationship, necessitating research to understand better the factors that may be generating such discrepancies.
PDF
