We report on a search for elementary particles with charges much smaller than the electron charge using a data sample of proton-proton collisions provided by the CERN Large Hadron Collider in 2018, ...corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 37.5 fb−1 at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. A prototype scintillator-based detector is deployed to conduct the first search at a hadron collider sensitive to particles with charges ≤ 0.1 e . The existence of new particles with masses between 20 and 4700 MeV is excluded at 95% confidence level for charges between 0.006 e and 0.3 e , depending on their mass. New sensitivity is achieved for masses larger than 700 MeV.
Phys. Rev. D 102, 032002 (2020) We report on a search for elementary particles with charges much smaller than
the electron charge using a data sample of proton-proton collisions provided by
the CERN ...Large Hadron Collider in 2018, corresponding to an integrated
luminosity of 37.5 fb$^{-1}$ at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. A prototype
scintillator-based detector is deployed to conduct the first search at a hadron
collider sensitive to particles with charges ${\leq}0.1e$. The existence of new
particles with masses between 20 and 4700 MeV is excluded at 95% confidence
level for charges between $0.006e$ and $0.3e$, depending on their mass. New
sensitivity is achieved for masses larger than $700$ MeV.
Abstract
Background
The incidence and diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has increased considerably in recent years. Many clinical practice guidelines (CPG) have been developed for the ...management of this disease across different clinical contexts, however, little evidence exists on their methodological quality. Therefore, we aimed to systematically evaluate the quality of CPGs for the diagnosis and treatment of IBD using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) instrument.
Methods
We identified CPGs by searching databases (MEDLINE - PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, LILACS) and other sources of gray literature on January 2022. We included guidelines with specific recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of IBD and evaluated them with the AGREE II instrument to assess their methodological quality. Six independent reviewers assessed the quality of the guidelines and resolved conflicts by consensus. We assessed the degree of agreement using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and change in quality over time was appraised in two periods: from 2012 to 2017 and from 2018 to 2022.
Results
We analyzed and evaluated 26 CPGs that met the inclusion criteria. The overall agreement among reviewers was moderate (ICC: 0.74; 95% CI 0.36 - 0.89). The mean scores of the AGREE II domains were: “Scope and purpose” 84.51%, “Stakeholder involvement” 60.90%, “Rigor of development” 69.95%, “Clarity of presentation” 85.58%, “Applicability” 26.60%, and “Editorial independence” 62.02%. No changes in quality were found over time.
Conclusions
The quality of the CPGs evaluated was generally good, with a large majority of the assessed guidelines being “recommended” and “recommended with modifications”; despite this, there is still room for improvement, especially in terms of stakeholder involvement and applicability. Efforts to develop high quality CPGs for IBD need to be further optimized.
The aim of this work is to propose a consensus to scientific community that handles personal exposimeters, which measure intensity of an electromagnetic wave (W/m2). To express the intensity of an ...electromagnetic wave there is a duality in the way of expressing it. Some scientists prefer to use W/m2 while others use V/m, which is a unit of the electric field. There is also a duality in the name, sometimes it is called it power flux density and some other times, wave intensity. We believe that this second name is more appropriate from the point of view of physics. We suggest expressing intensity of an electromagnetic wave in W/m2 instead of giving the value of their electric field which is measured in V/m. There is a quadratic relation between electric field and intensity of the wave, and it is necessary to do a mathematical operation, so in our opinion, it is preferable to use W/m2 which directly gives us the value of the measured intensity. Furthermore, if the intensity is very low, it may be expressed in μW/m2 and with only three significant figures, due to sensitivity of the current exposimeters used.
•Expressing the intensity of electromagnetic wave in W/m2.•Personal exposures to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields.•Intensity of a wave is called wave intensity.•Near-Field zone or Fresnel zone and Far-Field zone or Fraunhofer zone.
We report on a search for elementary particles with charges much smaller than the electron charge using a data sample of proton-proton collisions provided by the CERN Large Hadron Collider in 2018, ...corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 37.5 fb\(^{-1}\) at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. A prototype scintillator-based detector is deployed to conduct the first search at a hadron collider sensitive to particles with charges \({\leq}0.1e\). The existence of new particles with masses between 20 and 4700 MeV is excluded at 95% confidence level for charges between \(0.006e\) and \(0.3e\), depending on their mass. New sensitivity is achieved for masses larger than \(700\) MeV.
Candida auris is an emerging multidrug-resistant fungus that causes hospital-associated outbreaks of invasive infections with high death rates. During 2015-2016, health authorities in Colombia ...detected an outbreak of C. auris. We conducted an investigation to characterize the epidemiology, transmission mechanisms, and reservoirs of this organism. We investigated 4 hospitals with confirmed cases of C. auris candidemia in 3 cities in Colombia. We abstracted medical records and collected swabs from contemporaneously hospitalized patients to assess for skin colonization. We identified 40 cases; median patient age was 23 years (IQR 4 months-56 years). Twelve (30%) patients were <1 year of age, and 24 (60%) were male. The 30-day mortality was 43%. Cases clustered in time and location; axilla and groin were the most commonly colonized sites. Temporal and spatial clustering of cases and skin colonization suggest person-to-person transmission of C. auris. These cases highlight the importance of adherence to infection control recommendations.
Berries are rich in bioactive compounds, including antioxidants and especially polyphenols, known inhibitors of starch metabolism enzymes. Lactic acid fermentation of fruits has received considerable ...attention due to its ability to enhance bioactivity. This study investigated the effect of fermentation with L. mesenteroides of juice from the Chilean berry murta on antioxidant activity, release of polyphenols, and inhibitory activity against α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. Three types of juices (natural fruit, freeze-dried, and commercial) were fermented. Total polyphenol content (Folin–Ciocalteu), antioxidant activity (DPPH and ORAC), and the ability to inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes were determined. Fermented murta juices exhibited increased antioxidant activity, as evidenced by higher levels of polyphenols released during fermentation. Inhibition of α-glucosidase was observed in the three fermented juices, although no inhibition of α-amylase was observed; the juice from freeze-dried murta stood out. These findings highlight the potential health benefits of fermented murta juice, particularly its antioxidant properties and the ability to modulate sugar assimilation by inhibiting α-glucosidase.
Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are designed to help health professionals provide patients with excellent medical care. The last critical appraisal of CPGs on the treatment of psoriasis evaluated ...publications up to 2009, but several new guidelines have been published since and their methodological quality remains unclear.
The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the quality of CPGs on the treatment of psoriasis published between 2010 and 2020 using the Appraisal Guidelines Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) tool.
We searched for relevant CPGs in MEDLINE, Embase, and LILACS (Latin American and Caribean Health Sciences Literature) as well as in the gray literature. Two reviewers working independently selected the guidelines for analysis and extracted the relevant data. Each guideline was then assessed using the AGREE II instrument by 5 reviewers, also working independently.
Nineteen CPGs met the inclusion criteria and most of them had been produced in high-income countries. The mean (SD) domain scores were 84.9% (14.7%) for scope and purpose, 65.5% (19.3%) for stakeholder involvement, 66.7% (15.6%) for rigor of development, 72.8% (16.8%) for clarity of presentation, 46.6% (21.7%) for applicability, and 57.0% (30.4%) for editorial independence.
Although about three-quarters of the CPGs assessed were judged to be of high quality and over half were recommended for use in clinical practice, standards of guideline development need to be raised to improve CPG quality, particularly in terms of applicability and editorial independence, which had the lowest scores in our evaluation.
Las guías de práctica clínica (GPCs) se han desarrollado para apoyar a los profesionales de la salud a brindar una excelente atención médica a sus pacientes. Varias GPCs para el tratamiento de psoriasis se han desarrollado desde la última evaluación de calidad de GPCs publicada en 2009 y hasta el momento su calidad metodológica es poco clara.
Evaluar sistemáticamente la calidad de GPCs para el tratamiento de psoriasis publicadas en el periodo de 2010-2020, utilizando el instrumento Appraisal Guidelines Research and Evaluation (AGREE II).
Se realizaron búsquedas de GPCs en bases de datos, incluyendo MEDLINE, Embase, LILACS y en la literatura gris. La selección de GPCs y la extracción de datos se realizó de forma independiente por dos revisores. Cinco revisores, aparte, evaluaron las GPCs usando el instrumento AGREE II.
Diez y nueve GPCs cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión, en su mayoría desarrolladas en países de altos ingresos. Las puntuaciones medias de los dominios fueron: alcance y propósito (84,9%±14,7%), participación de las partes interesadas (65,5%±19,3%), rigor del desarrollo (66,7%±15,6%), claridad de presentación (72,8%±16,8%), aplicabilidad (46,6%±21,7%), e independencia editorial (57,0%±30,4%).
A pesar de que tres cuartos del total de GPCs incluidas fueron clasificadas como de alta calidad y más de la mitad de ellas se recomendaron para la práctica clínica, el desarrollo de las GPCs todavía debe optimizarse para mejorar su calidad. Especialmente en su aplicabilidad e independencia editorial, los cuales fueron los dominios con la puntuación más baja.
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•Anchored hybrid enrichment (AHE) datasets resolved a species complex of Lepanthes.•Probes with extended anchor regions resulted in longer loci and resolved trees.•Species tree ...estimations were topologically congruent contrary to gene trees.•Anonymous markers from AHE can be identified with a script for automatic BLASTs.•Paraphyly of haplotypes suggests that some biological phenomena cause discordances.
Phylogenetic relationships in species complexes and lineages derived from rapid diversifications are often challenging to resolve using morphology or standard DNA barcoding markers. The hyper-diverse genus Lepanthes from Neotropical cloud forest includes over 1200 species and many recent, explosive diversifications that have resulted in poorly supported nodes and morphological convergence across clades. Here, we assess the performance of 446 nuclear-plastid-mitochondrial markers derived from an anchored hybrid enrichment approach (AHE) coupled with coalescence- and species network-based inferences to resolve phylogenetic relationships and improve species recognition in the Lepanthes horrida species group. In addition to using orchid-specific probes to increase enrichment efficiency, we improved gene tree resolution by extending standard angiosperm targets into adjacent exons. We found high topological discordance among individual gene trees, suggesting that hybridization/polyploidy may have promoted speciation in the lineage via formation of new hybrid taxa. In addition, we identified ten loci with the highest phylogenetic informativeness values from these genomes. Most previous phylogenetic sampling in the Pleurothallidinae relies on two regions (ITS and matK), therefore, the evaluation of other markers such as those shown here may be useful in future phylogenetic studies in the orchid family. Coalescent-based species tree estimation methods resolved the phylogenetic relationships of the L. horrida species group. The resolution of the phylogenetic estimations was improved with the inclusion of extended anchor targets. This approach produced longer loci with higher discriminative power. These analyses also disclosed two undescribed species, L. amicitiae and L. genetoapophantica, formally described here, which are also supported by morphology. Our study demonstrates the utility of combined genomic evidence to disentangle phylogenetic relationships at very shallow levels of the tree of life, and in clades showing convergent trait evolution. With a fully resolved phylogeny, is it possible to disentangle traits evolving in parallel or convergently across these orchid lineages such as flower color and size from diagnostic traits such as the shape and orientation of the lobes of the petals and lip.
We report a measurement of the energy spectrum of cosmic rays for energies above 2.5 × 1018 eV based on 215,030 events recorded with zenith angles below 60°. A key feature of the work is that the ...estimates of the energies are independent of assumptions about the unknown hadronic physics or of the primary mass composition. The measurement is the most precise made hitherto with the accumulated exposure being so large that the measurements of the flux are dominated by systematic uncertainties except at energies above 5 × 1019 eV. The principal conclusions are (1) The flattening of the spectrum near 5 × 1018 eV, the so-called "ankle," is confirmed. (2) The steepening of the spectrum at around 5 × 1019 eV is confirmed. (3) A new feature has been identified in the spectrum: in the region above the ankle the spectral index γ of the particle flux ( ∝ E−γ ) changes from 2.51 ± 0.03 ( stat ) ± 0.05 ( syst ) to 3.05 ± 0.05 ( stat ) ± 0.10 ( syst ) before changing sharply to 5.1 ± 0.3 ( stat ) ± 0.1 ( syst ) above 5 × 1019 eV. (4) No evidence for any dependence of the spectrum on declination has been found other than a mild excess from the Southern Hemisphere that is consistent with the anisotropy observed above 8 × 1018 eV.
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