Skrb za bolesne i potrebite stara je koliko i umijeće liječenja. Međutim, sve do modernog doba skrb za bolesne bila je obilježena više karitativnim pristupom bez propisanih standarda i sustavne ...organizacije edukacije osoba koje su skrb provodile. U radu će se prikazati rad i djelovanje sestara milosrdnica sv. Vinka Paulskog od druge polovice 19. stoljeća do današnjih dana i njihov doprinos razvoju zdravstvene zaštite u Rijeci. Izvršena je analiza dosad neistraženih primarnih arhivskih izvora, provedeni su polustrukturirani intervjui i pregled dostupne literature koja se bavi djelovanjem ovoga reda. Sestre milosrdnice su značajno utjecale na unaprjeđivanje skrb i organizacije rada u zdravstvenim ustanovama u Hrvatskoj od druge polovice 19. stoljeća. Rasvjetljavanje njihovog djelovanje u sklopu zdravstvenih i socijalnih ustanova u Rijeci, koja je bila pod utjecajem različitih povijesnih događanja, nezaobilazna je tema u razumijevanje povijesnog razvoja sestrinstva na našim područjima.
Caring for the sick and needy is as old as it is easier to treat them. Until modern times, however, nursing was characterised by a rather charitable approach without prescribed standards and a systematic organisation of the training of the people who carried it out. The article presents the work and activities of »The Sisters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul from the second half of the 19th century to the present day and their contribution to the development of healthcare in Rijeka. An analysis of previously unexplored primary archival sources, semi-structured interviews and a review of the available literature on the activities of this order were conducted. The Sisters of Charity had a significant influence on the improvement of care and the organisation of work in health care institutions in Croatia from the second half of the 19th century. The information about their activities in the health and social care institutions in Rijeka, which was influenced by various historical events, is an unavoidable topic for understanding the historical development of nursing in our region.
Organizirano i formalizirano obrazovanje medicinskih sestara u Hrvatskoj započinje 1921. osnivanjem Škole za sestre pomoćnice u Zagrebu. Od osnutka prvih zdravstvenih ustanova u Karlovca do kraja ...Drugoga svjetskog rata iznimno je malo obrazovanog osoblja za njegu bolesnika. Taj su posao obavljale priučene osobe i redovnice koje su pohađale bolničarske škole organizirane u sklopu bolnica kojima su upravljale ili su imale diplomu Škole za sestre pomoćnice u Zagrebu. Nakon Drugoga svjetskog rata mnoge su redovnice bile prisiljene napustiti službu, što je u velikoj mjeri pridonijelo osipanju školovanog osoblja kojega je ionako bilo premalo. Opća bolnica u Karlovcu nastali će problem rješavati otvaranjem škola za dječje njegovateljice, bolničare, higijeničare i zubne asistente, koji će sve do otvaranja Škole za medicinske sestre u Karlovcu 1960. činiti većinu osoblja koje je pružalo izravnu skrb bolesnicima. Cilj je ovog rada dati pregled obrazovanja pomoćnog osoblja i strukturu zaposlenika koji su bili izravni pružatelji skrbi, uz osvrt na uvjete rada u Općoj bolnici Karlovac od kraja Drugoga svjetskog rata do 60-ih godina 20. stoljeća. Prikazani su pronađeni programi školovanja za dječje njegovateljice i bolničare te navedene osobe koje su te programe provodile.
Organized and formal education of nurses in Croatia began in 1921 with the establishment of the School for Nursing Assistants in Zagreb. From the establishment of the first health institutions in Karlovac until the end of the Second World War, there were extremely few educated personnel for patient care. Patient care was performed by apprentices and nuns who attended nursing schools organized as part of the hospitals they managed or who had a diploma from the School for Assistant Nurses in Zagreb. In the period after the Second World War, many nuns were forced to leave the service, which contributed to a large extent to the attrition of trained personnel, who were already scarce. The General Hospital in Karlovac solved this problem by opening schools for childcare workers, paramedics, hygienists, and dental assistants, who, until the opening of the School for Nurses in Karlovac in 1960, will make up the majority of the staff providing direct care to patients. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the education of auxiliary staff and the structure of employees who were direct care providers, with a review of the working conditions in General Hospital Karlovac from the end of the Second World War to the 1960s. The educational programs found for childcare workers and paramedics and the listed persons who implemented these programs are shown.
Sestrinski vjestnik Čuljak, Martina; Franković, Sanda
Acta medico-historica Adriatica,
12/2022, Letnik:
20, Številka:
2
Journal Article, Web Resource
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Osnutak Škole za sestre pomoćnice u Zagrebu 1921. označio je početak profesionalizacije sestrinstva u Hrvatskoj. Sestre pomoćnice ubrzo osnivaju strukovno udruženje i pokreću stručno glasilo. U ...prosincu 1932. izdaju prvi časopis na području tadašnje države, Vjesnik Sekcije za Savsku banovinu Jugoslavenskoga društva diplomiranih sestara pomoćnica. Izašao je samo jedan broj nakon čega u siječnju 1933. dolazi do promjene naziva časopisa u Sestrinsku riječ, koja izlazi do 1940. Nakon stanke od dvije godine, 1942. počinje se izdavati Sestrinski vjestnik (dalje Sestrinski vjesnik) koji izlazi zaključno s prvim brojem časopisa 1945. Prilozi u časopisu analizirani su s obzirom na stalne i povremene rubrike kojima su pripadali ili s obzirom na teme koje su obrađivali. Prilozi su objavljivani u sedam stalnih rubrika i jednu povremenu. Stalne rubrike bile su: Sestre nam pišu, Iz družtva, Iz uredništva, Promjene u službi kod sestara Glavnog ravnateljstva za zdravstvo, Mi čitamo, Zrnca i Sa kućnih posjeta, a povremena rubrika je Što drugi pišu. Ostali prilozi grupirani su tematski, prema sadržaju koji obrađuju, na sljedeće teme: položaj sestara u državi, sestrinsko zvanje, sestra kao promicatelj socijalne medicine i rad u institucijama, rad sestara na selu, zaštita žene (majke) i djeteta, bolesti i ozljede te priče iz sestrinske prakse. Autori većine priloga su sestre, a priloge o bolestima i ozljedama pišu liječnici. Sestrinski vjesnik imao je nekoliko funkcija: informativnu, edukativnu i promicanje profesionalne solidarnosti. Uz zapisnike Društva diplomiranih sestara pomoćnica Nezavisne Države Hrvatske od 1940. do 1945., časopis je iznimno vrijedna građa za analizu rada sestara pomoćnica toga vremena.
The founding of the School for Nursing in Zagreb in 1921 marked the beginning of the professionalization of nursing in Croatia. Nurses founded an association and started a professional newsletter. The Sestrinski vjesnik (Nursing Journal) was preceded by the Sestrinska riječ (Nursing Word). The journal articles were analyzed regarding the permanent and occasional sections to which they belonged or regarding the topics they covered. The regular columns were: Nurses write to us, From the Association and From the editorial board, Changes in the service of the nurses of the General Directorate of Health, We read, Grains, Home visits, and the occasional column was What others write. Other contributions are grouped according to the following topics: The position of nurses in the country, Nursing, Nursing as a promoter of social medicine and work in institutions, Nursing work in the countryside, Protection of women (mothers) and children, Diseases and injuries, and Stories from nursing practice. The authors of most of the articles were nurses, while in the thematic section, Diseases and injuries, the authors were doctors. The journal had several functions: informative, educational, and promotion of professional solidarity. Together with minutes of the Association of Graduate Nurses from 1940 to 1945, it makes exceptionally valuable material for analysis of the nursing work of that time.
U radu će se prikazati povijest Škole za sestre pomoćnice u razdoblju od njezina osnutka 1921. godine, pa sve do završetka školovanja prve generacije učenica 1922. godine. U dosadašnjoj literaturi su ...podatci o osnutku i djelovanju te institucije bili krivo i nepotpuno citirani, što je djelomično bio rezultat i nekorištenja arhivskoga gradiva. Iz tih razloga, osnovni motiv za izradu ovog rada bio je vezan uz ispravak temeljnih historiografskih podataka, bez kojih je nemoguće ostvariti egzaktan pristup temi. Rekonstrukcija podataka temeljila se prvenstveno na arhivskim fondovima i zbirkama Hrvatskog državnog arhiva (HDA) i Državnog arhiva u Zagrebu (DAZG), kao i dokumentima pohranjenim u pismohranama Škole za medicinske sestre Mlinarska i Družbe sestara milosrdnica Svetoga Vinka Paulskoga. Također su korištene i službene publikacije (Narodne novine i Službeni list), kao i do sada objavljena literatura o povijesti te škole. Na temelju ovoga istraživanja pokušali su se rasvijetliti podatci vezani uz točan datum osnutka škole, zatim početak i trajanje školske godine za prvu generaciju učenica 1921./1922., kao i broj upisanih i ispisanih učenica te diplomiranih sestara. U radu su također prikazani i pravni akti u vezi s konstituiranjem te institucije.
An opportunity lost in time Franković, Sanda; Abou Aldan, Damjan
Acta medico-historica adriatica : AMHA,
06/2022, Letnik:
20, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The aim of this paper is to present the course of the transformation of the Nursing high school into the College of Nursing and its accession to the School of Medicine in Zagreb. The task of the ...paper is to present the organisation of schooling for the first generation of nursing students. The reconstruction of the data was based on the archival material stored in the files of the School of Nursing Mlinarska in Zagreb and the Society for Nursing History of the Croatian Nurses Association (CNA). Documents and photographs kept in private collections were used as well as already published literature related to the topic.For the purposes of oral history collection, a semi-structured questionnaire created in 2013 by the Society for Nursing History was used. The first program of the College of Nursing was launched at the initiative of Dr Andrija tampar in the academic year 1953/1954. There were 17 students enrolled, 11 of whom graduated on time. The study program was comparable to the current world trends in nursing education. The analysis of the teaching staff reveals that the teachers were nurses with extensive experience and recognised university lecturers. The introduction of a higher education nursing program, comparable to the international nursing programs, speaks to the nurses’ expectations and status. Compared to today’s programs, it was very modern.
Cilj je ovog rada prikazati tijek transformacije Srednje škole za medicinske sestre u Visoku školu za sestrinstvo i njezino pripojenje Medicinskom fakultetu u Zagrebu. Zadaća je rada prikazati organizaciju školovanja prve generacije studenata medicinskih sestara. Rekonstrukcija podataka temeljila se na arhivskoj građi pohranjenoj u kartotekama Škole za medicinske sestre Mlinarska u Zagrebu i Društva za povijest sestrinstva Hrvatske udruge medicinskih sestara (HUMS). Za potrebe rada korišteni su dokumenti i fotografije koje se čuvaju u privatnim zbirkama te već objavljena literatura vezana uz ovu temu. Za potrebe prikupljanja usmene povijesti korišten je polustrukturirani upitnik koji je 2013. izradilo Društvo za povijest sestrinstva.Prvi program Visoke škole za sestrinstvo pokrenut je na inicijativu dr. Andrije Štampara u akademskoj godini 1953./1954. Upisano je 17 studenata, od kojih je 11 diplomiralo u roku. Studijski program bio je usporediv s aktualnim svjetskim trendovima u obrazovanju medicinskih sestara. Analiza nastavnog osoblja pokazuje da su učiteljice bile medicinske sestre s dugogodišnjim iskustvom i priznati sveučilišni predavači. Uvođenje programa visokog obrazovanja iz sestrinstva, koji je bio usporediv s međunarodnim programima sestrinstva toga doba, dovoljno govori o očekivanjima i statusu medicinskih sestara. U usporedbi s današnjim programima, bio je vrlo moderan.
Uvod:
Škola za sestre pomoćnice u Zagrebu od svog osnutka 1921. godine uz ravnatelja škole ima i sestru predstojnicu. U radu se pokušala učiniti rekonstrukcija školovanja i rada Jelke pl. Labaš ...Blaškovečka, prve nadstojnice u Školi za sestre pomoćnice u Zagrebu. Učinjen je i kratak osvrt na njezino djelovanje u družbi Kćeri Božje ljubavi kojoj se pridružuje nakon odlaska iz škole.
Metode:
Rekonstrukcija podataka temeljila se na fondovima Hrvatskog državnog arhiva (HDA) i Državnog arhiva u Karlovcu. Korišteni su podaci iz arhiva Provincije Božje providnosti Družbe Kćeri Božje ljubavi. Kao dopuna arhivskim izvorima korišteni su do sada objavljeni radovi na obrađenu temu.
Rezultati:
Uvidom u arhivsku građu i pregledom publikacija opisano je školovanje Jelke pl. Labaš Blaškovečka u Višoj djevojačkoj školi u Karlovcu, nastavak obrazovanja i djelovanje u Bolnici Crvenog križa Rudolfinerhaus u Beču. Opisani su uvjeti imenovanja za prvu nadstojnicu Škole za sestre pomoćnice u Zagrebu i njezin rad u vrijeme obavljanja te funkcije. Navedena su mjesta i pozicije na kojima je djelovala u Družbi Kćeri Božje ljubavi.
Zaključak:
Obrazovanje i iskustvo koje je Jelka pl. Labaš stekla radeći u Rudolfinerhausu u Beču primjenjivala je u izobrazbi sestara u Školi za sestre pomoćnice u Zagrebu. Svojim je radom doprinijela organizaciji škole u prvim godinama njenog djelovanja. Za šire razumijevanje njezina rada nakon odlaska iz škole u Družbu Kćeri Božje ljubavi bilo bi potrebno dodatno istražiti pismohranu Družbe.
Introduction:
School for nursing assistants in Zagreb since its founding in 1921, alongside the school principal, also had a nursing headmistress. The paper tried to reconstruct
the schooling and work of Jelka Labaš Blaškovečka, the first headmistress at the School for Nursing assistants in Zagreb. A brief review shows her work in the Daughters of Divine Charity (international congregation of Roman Catholic religious sisters), which she joined upon finishing school.
Methods:
The reconstruction of the data was based on funds from The Croatian State Archives and The National Archives in Karlovac. Data from the archive of the Province of God providence of the Daughters of Divine Charity was used. Published papers on the topic have been used as an addition to archival sources.
Results:
The insight into the archives and examination of publications was used to describe the schooling of Jelka pl. Labaš Blaškovečki at the Girls' High School in Karlovac, as well as a continuation of her education and work in Red Cross Hospital at the Rudolfinerhaus in Vienna. Terms of appointment for the first headmistress of the School for Nursing assistants in Zagreb and her work then is described. Her workplaces and job positions in the Daughters of Divine Charity are listed.
Conclusion:
Jelka pl. Labaš applied her education and experience that she acquired while working at the Rudolfinerhaus in Vienna in training nurses at the School for Nursing assistants in Zagreb. With her work, she contributed to the organization of the school in the first years of its operation. For a broader understanding of her work in the Daughters of Divine Charity, further examination of its archives would be necessary.
Introduction:
There is a worldwide debate on the level at which the basic education of nurses should be organized. If it is at the baccalaureate level, as one view claims, it is doubtful who will ...perform the basic nursing care. This doubt also directed the reform of nursing education in the Republic of Croatia. The process itself was accompanied by a desire to preserve the existing rights of all nurses, and to ensure that all nursing interventions are carried out by licensed nurses. This paper aims to describe the process of adapting nursing education before Croatia acceded to the European Union. Also, the aim is to determine the differences between vocational and baccalaureate curriculum.
Methods
:
The literature on nursing education was reviewed. Articles and documents about Union accession were studied. Nursing curricula were analysed.
Results
:
In the Republic of Croatia, there are two levels of basic education. Both programs are in line with the European Union Directive. The Nursing Act separates these two levels with different competencies. The education reform respected the rights of nurses who were employed at the moment of joining. The education reform has ensured the implementation of nursing care by licensed nurses in all segments of the nursing process.
Conclusion:
Two levels of education ensured the development of nursing and the possibility of further education for nurses. The monopoly over all basic nursing skills is preserved.
Uvod:
U svijetu se vodi rasprava na kojoj bi razini trebalo organizirati temeljno obrazovanje medicinskih sestara. Ako je na razini preddiplomskog studija, kako tvrdi jedno stajalište, dvojbeno je tko će obavljati osnovne sestrinske postupke. Ta je dvojba usmjerila reformu obrazovanja medicinskih sestara u Republici Hrvatskoj. Sam proces pratila je želja da se očuvaju postojeća prava svih medicinskih sestara te da sve sestrinske intervencije izvode licencirane medicinske sestre. Cilj je ovog rada opisati proces prilagodbe obrazovanja medicinskih sestara prije ulaska Republike Hrvatske u Europsku uniju. Također, cilj je utvrditi razlike između strukovnog i preddiplomskog kurikuluma.
Metode:
Pregledana je i analizirana literatura o obrazovanju medicinskih sestara. Proučeni su članci i dokumenti o pristupanju Europskoj uniji. Analizirani su nastavni kurikulumi za obrazovanje medicinskih sestara.
Rezultati:
U Republici Hrvatskoj postoje dvije razine osnovnog obrazovanja medicinskih sestara. Oba programa usklađena su s Direktivom Europske unije. Zakon o sestrinstvu razdvaja te dvije razine s različitim kompetencijama. Reformom obrazovanja poštovana su prava medicinskih sestara koje su bile zaposlene u trenutku pristupa Europskoj uniji. Nadalje, reformom obrazovanja osigurano je provođenje sestrinske skrbi od strane licenciranih medicinskih sestara u svim segmentima procesa zdravstvene njege.
Zaključak:
Dvije razine obrazovanja osigurale su razvoj sestrinstva i mogućnost daljnjeg školovanja medicinskih sestara. Monopol nad svim osnovnim sestrinskim postupcima očuvan je.
The aim of this paper is to present the course of the transformation of the Nursing high school into the College of Nursing and its accession to the School of Medicine in Zagreb. The task of the ...paper is to present the organisation of schooling for the first generation of nursing students. The reconstruction of the data was based on the archival material stored in the files of the School of Nursing Mlinarska in Zagreb and the Society for Nursing History of the Croatian Nurses Association (CNA). Documents and photographs kept in private collections were used as well as already published literature related to the topic. For the purposes of oral history collection, a semi-structured questionnaire created in 2013 by the Society for Nursing History was used. The first program of the College of Nursing was launched at the initiative of Dr Andrija Štampar in the academic year 1953/1954. There were 17 students enrolled, 11 of whom graduated on time. The study program was comparable to the current world trends in nursing education. The analysis of the teaching staff reveals that the teachers were nurses with extensive experience and recognised university lecturers. The introduction of a higher education nursing program, comparable to the international nursing programs, speaks to the nurses' expectations and status. Compared to today's programs, it was very modern.
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