The duration and severity of COVID-19 are related to age, comorbidities, and cytokine synthesis. This study evaluated the impact of these factors on patients with clinical presentations of COVID-19 ...in a Brazilian cohort. A total of 317 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were included; cases were distributed according to clinical status as severe (n=91), moderate (n=56) and mild (n=170). Of these patients, 92 had acute COVID-19 at sample collection, 90 had already recovered from COVID-19 without sequelae, and 135 had sequelae (long COVID syndrome). In the acute COVID-19 group, patients with the severe form had higher IL-6 levels (p=0.0260). In the post-COVID-19 group, there was no significant difference in cytokine levels between groups with different clinical conditions. In the acute COVID-19 group, younger patients had higher levels of TNF-α, and patients without comorbidities had higher levels of TNF-α, IL-4 and IL-2 (p<0.05). In contrast, patients over age 60 with comorbidities had higher levels of IL-6. In the post-COVID-19 group, subjects with long COVID-19 had higher levels of IL-17 and IL-2 (p<0.05), and subjects without sequelae had higher levels of IL-10, IL-6 and IL- 4 (p<0.05). Our results suggest that advanced age, comorbidities and elevated serum IL-6 levels are associated with severe COVID-19 and are good markers to differentiate severe from mild cases. Furthermore, high serum levels of IL-17 and IL-2 and low levels of IL-4 and IL-10 appear to constitute a cytokine profile of long COVID-19, and these markers are potential targets for COVID-19 treatment and prevention strategies.
•Volatile composition of apples stored under extremely low oxygen was studied.•Low oxygen (<0.7kPa) does not affect negatively the profile of volatile compounds.•The production of 2-methyl-butyl ...acetate was highest at 0.7kPa O2.•Extremely low oxygen has a significant effect on reducing the synthesis ethylene.•Ethanol no increase in apples stored under 0.5kPa O2 in relation 1.0kPa.
The aim of this work was to assess the profile of volatile compounds in ‘Royal Gala’ apples stored under controlled atmosphere (CA), with O2 levels ranging from 1.0kPa to as low as 0.5kPa during 8months (0.5°C), followed by 7days of shelf-life at 20°C. Volatile compounds were collected via solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and analysed by gas chromatography. Straight and branched-chain esters exhibited a distinct pattern. The emission of straight-chain esters decreased under extremely low O2 (0.5kPa), while branched-chain esters were not significantly affected in such condition. 2-Methyl-butyl acetate, a significant contributor to the ‘Royal Gala’ aroma, was higher in intermediate O2 concentration, suggesting that lowering the O2 levels down to 0.7kPa does not negatively affect the volatile composition of ‘Royal Gala’ apples, as compared to the standard CA (1.0kPa O2). The remaining volatile compounds were not strongly affected by storing fruits under extremely low O2.
Publications of the last three decades demonstrated the existence of some compact species groups within the Macrothrix Baird genus (Cladocera: Macrothricidae). Many species were included in ...hirsuticornis-group, laticornis-group, rosea-triserialis-group and paulensis-group, but not in Macrothrix marthae group. It has a peculiar set of morphological traits not observed in any other species, so far. Studying material from Ribeira de Iguape River, Brazil, we found some individuals that resemble M. marthae, which represent a new species described herein. Macrothrix lourdesae sp. nov shares with M. marthae similar morphology of Inner Distal Lobe setae and the same modifications on the fourth and fifth limbs. The main difference between them is related to the number of setae in the exopodite of the third limb. Observing the high number of morphological traits shared, it is possible to indicate that M. lourdesae sp. nov and M. marthae form a separate species group within the genus.
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•A novel formaldehyde-free methodology for the synthesis of bio-based benzoxazine.•HMTA is a source for both methylene bridges and nitrogen atom of the oxazine ring.•Cardanol and HMTA ...under microwave radiation afforded benzoxazines in few minutes.
Polybenzoxazine is an interesting class of high-performance polymers with potential applications in both the scientific and industrial fields. Due to its remarkable properties along with environmental concerns, different benzoxazine monomers are being synthesized in order to afford more sustainable alternatives for polymeric materials development. Here, we report a microwave-assisted and formaldehyde-free methodology for the synthesis of a cardanol-based benzoxazine. The reaction use cardanol and HMTA as starting materials with the efficient microwave-assisted heating, affording the desired product in a matter of minutes and high yields, in a reaction system completely absent of organic solvents. Monomer characterization was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance Spectroscopy (1H and 13C NMR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The obtained thermoset was studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), showing good thermal and mechanical properties. The results indicate the successful protocol for the development of highly bio-based monomer under solvent- and formaldehyde-free conditions, starting form cardanol, an agro-industrial residue.
Three Cases of Mandibular Ossifying Fibroma in Cattle de Oliveira Freitas, Daniele C.; Melo, Fabrício G.; de Melo Ocarino, Natália ...
Journal of comparative pathology,
October 2022, 2022-10-00, 20221001, Letnik:
198
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Neoplastic masses were evaluated in the rostral region of the mandible of three young adult cattle. In all three cases, the masses were macroscopically large, firm, ulcerated, infiltrative, whitish ...and solid, and led to tooth displacement and loss. Radiographically, the neoplastic masses were intraosseous and radiolucent with foci of radiopacity. Loss of radiopacity due to bone necrosis was seen in the mandibular bone adjacent to the neoplasms. Histologically, well-differentiated, infiltrative non-encapsulated mesenchymal neoplastic proliferation replaced the mandibular bone and extended to the oral mucosa in all three cases. The neoplastic cells had scant cytoplasm and fusiform or oval hyperchromatic nuclei with loose chromatin, and were arranged in bundles in various directions. Within the neoplastic tissue, there were mineralized bone trabeculae and unmineralized osteoid, lined by a layer of osteoblasts and osteocytes within the lacunae. The pre-existing bone tissue adjacent to the neoplasm had areas of necrosis and osteoclasis of variable extent and intensity. Based on the macroscopic, radiographic and microscopic findings, a diagnosis of mandibular ossifying fibroma was established in all three cattle.
Below 42 K, the homometallic Co3O2BO3 ludwigite forms magnetic planes separated by nonmagnetic low-spin Co3+ ions. The substitution of Co3+ by other nonmagnetic ions enhances the magnetic ...interactions, raising the magnetic ordering temperature. However, depending on the nonmagnetic dopant ion, the remaining Co3+ ions could adopt a high-spin state, creating magnetic frustration and lowering the magnetic transition temperature. Doping Co3O2BO3 with nonmagnetic In3+ ions favors the appearance of both high-spin Co2+ and Co3+. The In3+ ions preferentially occupy sites 4 and are randomly distributed in each site. The two-dimensional magnetic character of the parent compound, Co3O2BO3, is preserved, and the magnetic transition temperature increases to 47.8 K. Measurements of magnetization, which show metamagnetic transitions at low temperatures, and specific heat are consistent with ferrimagnetic ordering in this system. Thus, using these results and those reported in the literature, the effects caused by doping of Co3O2BO3 with different nonmagnetic +3 ions are discussed in terms of the presence of high-spin Co2+ and Co3+ in the compounds.
The cGAS-STING pathway appears to contribute to dysregulated inflammation during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, inflammatory factors related to long COVID are still being investigated. ...In the present study, we evaluated the association of cGAS and STING gene expression levels and plasma IFN-α, TNF-α and IL-6 levels with COVID-19 severity in acute infection and long COVID, based on analysis of blood samples from 148 individuals, 87 with acute COVID-19 and 61 in the post-COVID-19 period. Quantification of gene expression was performed by real-time PCR, and cytokine levels were quantified by ELISA and flow cytometry. In acute COVID-19, cGAS, STING, IFN-α, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels were higher in patients with severe disease than in those with nonsevere manifestations (p < 0.05). Long COVID was associated with elevated cGAS, STING and IFN-α levels (p < 0.05). Activation of the cGAS-STING pathway may contribute to an intense systemic inflammatory state in severe COVID-19 and, after infection resolution, induce an autoinflammatory disease in some tissues, resulting in long COVID.
The brewing waste, also known as trub, is an abundant by-product of the brewing industry. Such material presents high levels of phenolic compounds, which promote antioxidant, antimicrobial and ...antifungal effects, turning the trub economically attractive. In this study, the trub’s phenolic compounds were extracted by ultrasound-assisted extraction technology. Such experiments were conducted according to a central composite rotatable design (CCRD), with the evaluated parameters being ethanol concentration, solid-liquid ratio and extraction temperature. Response surface methodology (RSM) described the effect of process’ variables through second order polynomial models, adjusted appropriately for such analysis, and optimized the operating conditions, aiming to obtain the maximum extraction of phenolic compounds through the proposed technique. The extraction’s optimal conditions for the evaluated variables were ethanol concentration of 58%, solid-liquid ratio of 1 g per 32 mL, and extraction temperature of 36 ºC, during a 30 minute process. Considering such experimental conditions, the total amount of phenolic compounds was equal to 7.23 mg of gallic acid g-1 trub, indicating that a great concentration of phenolic compounds can be extracted from this material through the proposed technique. Thus, this indicates that trub might be a promising by-product that can be used in different industrial fields.
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