Topological states emerge at the boundary of solids as a consequence of the nontrivial topology of the bulk. Recently, theory predicts a topological edge state on single layer transition metal ...dichalcogenides with 1
T
’ structure. However, its existence still lacks experimental proof. Here, we report the direct observations of the topological states at the step edge of WTe
2
by spectroscopic-imaging scanning tunneling microscopy. A one-dimensional electronic state residing at the step edge of WTe
2
is observed, which exhibits remarkable robustness against edge imperfections. First principles calculations rigorously verify the edge state has a topological origin, and its topological nature is unaffected by the presence of the substrate. Our study supports the existence of topological edge states in 1
T
’-WTe
2
, which may envision in-depth study of its topological physics and device applications.
Accurate identification of phage virion protein is not only a key step for understanding the function of the phage virion protein but also helpful for further understanding the lysis mechanism of the ...bacterial cell. Since traditional experimental methods are time-consuming and costly for identifying phage virion proteins, it is extremely urgent to apply machine learning methods to accurately and efficiently identify phage virion proteins. In this work, a support vector machine (SVM) based method was proposed by mixing multiple sets of optimal g-gap dipeptide compositions. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the minimal-redundancy-maximal-relevance (mRMR) with an increment feature selection (IFS) were applied to single out the optimal feature set. In the five-fold cross-validation test, the proposed method achieved an overall accuracy of 87.95%. We believe that the proposed method will become an efficient and powerful method for scientists concerning phage virion proteins.
With the information of elite group for Zn, more details of favourable germplasms for different breeding schemes were accessible using the Germplasm module. (b) With aid of the Haplotype module, a ...list of 22 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) based on the transcriptomic and phosphoproteomic analyses between near‐isogenic line (NILqgl3) and its recurrent parent (RP) were significantly reduced by 31.8%. (c) Based on GWAS mapping results of tiller number (TN) in a set of germplasms, some candidate regions were submitted to the Haplotype module for confirmation by haplotype analysis. (d) A chromosome region controlling leaf rolling trait (LRI), qRl4‐2 was scanned for SNP & InDel variations using the SNP & InDel module. In this case, by GWAS mapping, we found a loci qSV3e, which was harbouring a known gene Os03 g0856700 coding Gibberellin 20 oxidase 1 affecting both tiller number (TN) and plant height (PH) at the seedling stage under a paddy direct seeding rice (PDSR) system. Since relatively higher TN would be favourable trait for rice breeders, we carried our haplotype analysis for Os03 g0856700 with TN data uploaded using the Haplotype module. ...in order set up an open platform to the public, two functions are now available.
Abstract
Intrinsic antiferromagnetism in van der Waals (vdW) monolayer (ML) crystals enriches our understanding of two-dimensional (2D) magnetic orders and presents several advantages over ...ferromagnetism in spintronic applications. However, studies of 2D intrinsic antiferromagnetism are sparse, owing to the lack of net magnetisation. Here, by combining spin-polarised scanning tunnelling microscopy and first-principles calculations, we investigate the magnetism of vdW ML CrTe
2
, which has been successfully grown through molecular-beam epitaxy. We observe a stable antiferromagnetic (AFM) order at the atomic scale in the ML crystal, whose bulk is ferromagnetic, and correlate its imaged zigzag spin texture with the atomic lattice structure. The AFM order exhibits an intriguing noncollinear spin reorientation under magnetic fields, consistent with its calculated moderate magnetic anisotropy. The findings of this study demonstrate the intricacy of 2D vdW magnetic materials and pave the way for their in-depth analysis.
With the recent spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)_ infecting >16 million people worldwide as of 28 July 2020, causing >650 000 deaths, there is a desperate need for ...therapeutic agents and vaccines. Building on knowledge of previous outbreaks of SARS-CoV-1 and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), the development of therapeutic antibodies and vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is taking place at an unprecedented speed. Current efforts towards the development of neutralizing antibodies against COVID-19 are summarized. We also highlight the importance of a fruitful antibody development pipeline to combat the potential escape plans of SARS-CoV-2, including somatic mutations and antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE).
We are currently experiencing an explosion of antibody research to combat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that includes neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and therapeutic antibodies against COVID-19-associated hyperinflammation.Eight neutralizing antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2; LY-CoV555, JS016, REGN-COV2, TY027, BRII-196, BRII-198, CT-P59, and SCTA01) have now entered clinical trials (as of 28 July 2020).SARS-CoV-2 may develop resistance to neutralizing antibodies by accumulating spontaneous mutations.Neutralizing antibodies also may show antibody-dependent enhancement and amplify disease progression.
Sleep deprivation can impair human health and performance. Habitual total sleep time and homeostatic sleep response to sleep deprivation are quantitative traits in humans. Genetic loci for these ...traits have been identified in model organisms, but none of these potential animal models have a corresponding human genotype and phenotype. We have identified a mutation in a transcriptional repressor (hDEC2-P385R) that is associated with a human short sleep phenotype. Activity profiles and sleep recordings of transgenic mice carrying this mutation showed increased vigilance time and less sleep time than control mice in a zeitgeber time- and sleep deprivation-dependent manner. These mice represent a model of human sleep homeostasis that provides an opportunity to probe the effect of sleep on human physical and mental health.
Continental mid‐lithosphere discontinuity (MLD) seems to be ubiquitous beneath cratons around the world with the dominant depth of 70–100 km, and is characterized by a shear‐wave velocity drop of ...2%–7%, according to geophysical observations. The MLD is often considered to be related to a rheologically weak layer; however, the mechanism of MLD formation is widely debated. In this study, we have conducted systematic numerical modeling with a new and simplified deep hydration method to study the dynamics of craton evolution and MLD formation. The results indicate that the MLD may be induced by slow hydration processes within the mantle lithosphere during craton evolution. The top boundary of this hydrated layer is characterized by high water content and low shear‐wave velocities, and is consistent with the depth and properties of natural MLD observations. Thus, we propose that the MLD may act as a water collector during craton evolution.
Plain Language Summary
A craton is an ancient continental lithosphere, which is generally considered to be rheologically strong and thus capable of surviving the long‐term evolution with rigorous mantle convections and plate tectonic processes. However, the cratonic lithosphere may not be homogenous and “rigid,” but has some internal weak layers. According to the recent geophysical investigations, a seismic discontinuity is widely observed in the thick cratonic lithosphere and defined as mid‐lithosphere discontinuity (MLD). What is the nature of the MLD and how did it form within the stable cratonic lithosphere? This question inspires wide debates, but is still controversial. In this study, we have conducted systematic numerical modeling with a new and simplified deep hydration method to study the dynamics of craton evolution and MLD formation. The results indicate that the MLD may represent a high water content layer within the cratonic lithosphere. This layer might be hydrated by the upwelling aqueous fluid, which could be released during the dehydration processes including plate subduction and mantle plume in the deep mantle. Thus, the MLD may act as a water collector during the long‐term craton evolution.
Key Points
The dynamics of craton evolution and mid‐lithosphere discontinuity (MLD) formation is investigated by numerical models with a new and simplified deep hydration method
The MLD may be induced by slow hydration within the mantle lithosphere and acts as a water collector during long‐term craton evolution
The MLD represents the top boundary of a hydrated layer with high water content and low shear‐wave velocity within cratonic lithosphere
Aim
To evaluate the effect of a ketogenic diet (KD) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and liver dysfunction who were obese.
Methods
Women with PCOS and liver dysfunction who were obese ...were enrolled in this prospective, open‐label, parallel‐group, controlled pilot trial, and randomly received KD (KD group) or conventional pharmacological treatment (Essentiale plus Yasmin, control group) in a 1:1 ratio for 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was the liver function markers. Secondary endpoints included the menstrual cycle, anthropometric characteristics, body composition, hormonal levels, and metabolic biomarkers.
Results
Of the 20 eligible participants enrolled, 18 participants completed the study. The KD group reported a significant reduction in anthropometric characteristics and body composition from baseline to week 12 (all p < 0.05). In addition, there were significant reductions in menstrual cycle, plasma estradiol, and progesterone levels in two groups (all p < 0.05), but no significant between‐group difference was observed. KD significantly reduced the liver function markers compared with control group (p < 0.05). The signs of fatty liver disappeared in six out of seven fatty liver participants in KD group after 12 weeks of intervention, while only one of 10 fatty liver participants in control group disappeared.
Conclusions
In addition to improving the menstrual cycle, KD had the additional benefits of reducing blood glucose and body weight, improving liver function, and treating fatty liver compared to traditional pharmacological treatment in women with PCOS and liver dysfunction who were obese.
Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is one of the main causes of vascular dementia in older individuals. Apart from risk containment, efforts to prevent or treat CSVD are ineffective due to the ...unknown pathogenesis of the disease. CSVD, a subtype of stroke, is characterized by recurrent strokes and neurodegeneration. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) impairment, chronic inflammatory responses, and leukocyte infiltration are classical pathological features of CSVD. Understanding how BBB disruption instigates inflammatory and degenerative processes may be informative for CSVD therapy. Antigens derived from the brain are found in the peripheral blood of lacunar stroke patients, and antibodies and sensitized T cells against brain antigens are also detected in patients with leukoaraiosis. These findings suggest that antigen-specific immune responses could occur in CSVD. This review describes the neurovascular unit features of CSVD, the immune responses to specific neuronal and glial processes that may be involved in a distinct mechanism of CSVD, and the current evidence of the association between mechanisms of inflammation and interventions in CSVD. We suggest that autoimmune activity should be assessed in future studies; this knowledge would benefit the development of effective therapeutic interventions in CSVD.
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