Several sites with anomalous emissions of carbon dioxide were investigated in the region south of Mt. Etna volcano in order to assess the types of emission (focused and/or diffuse), their surface ...extension and the total output of CO
2. Most of the studied emissions are located on the southwest boundary of Mt. Etna, near the town of Paternò. They consist of three mud volcanoes (known as Salinelle), one spring with bubbling gas (Acqua Grassa) and one area of diffuse degassing (Peschería). Another site (Naftía Lake) with remarkable gas emissions (bubbling gas into a lake as well as adjacent areas of diffuse soil degassing) is located further southwest of Mt. Etna in an area of extinct Quaternary volcanism on the northwest margin of Hyblean Mts. In all of these areas the origin of the highest CO
2 emissions is clearly magmatic, and degassing to the atmosphere occurs mostly through tectonic structures, probably at a regional scale. The magmatic source that feeds anomalous degassing in the above areas is likely to be the same that feeds volcanic activity at Mt. Etna.
Focused degassing was measured at each emission vent using devices that measure the air speed, whereas diffuse soil degassing was measured using the accumulation chamber method. In total, 712 measurements were carried out (146 in focused degassing vents, 566 on diffuse degassing areas). Single CO
2 output values ranged from 1.8 10
−
5
to 1.68 kg s
−
1
. In the case of diffuse degassing areas, statistical analyses allowed to discriminate between biogenic CO
2 and CO
2 deriving from a magmatic-hydrothermal source. Only the efflux values from the latter source were considered in the output estimates. The total estimated output thus obtained was about 2.61 kg s
−
1
, relevant to a total surface of about 146,500 m
2 (which includes only the magmatic CO
2 emissions). This value is comparable with that of most non-volcanic emissions from geothermal and/or faulted areas of central-southern Italy, as well with the CO
2 output from some of the volcanic areas of Italy.
INTRODUÇÃO: A sinovite na hemofilia pode induzir às alterações nos receptores sensitivos e proprioceptivos articulares. Tal efeito favorece a redução de estabilidade e um desalinhamento corporal, ...podendo comprometer a funcionalidade das crianças acometidas. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o alinhamento postural dos membros inferiores e o desempenho funcional de crianças hemofílicas, relacionando-os com a incidência de hemartroses. MÉTODO: Foi avaliado um grupo experimental (GE) de 28 crianças hemofílicas e um grupo controle (GC) de 20 crianças sem hemofilia. O GE foi dividido de acordo com o grau de comprometimento articular: 16 crianças no grupo sem sinovite crônica (GSS) e 12 no grupo com sinovite crônica (GCS). Cada grupo foi subdividido por faixa etária: 3-4 anos, 5-6 anos, 7 anos. A avaliação consistiu da análise do alinhamento dos ângulos do joelho e do tornozelo através do programa Geometer Sketchpad. O desempenho das atividades funcionais foi avaliado através de testes modificados a partir do Exame Neurológico Evolutivo de Lefévre. RESULTADOS: Foi constatado que a média dos sangramentos dos hemofílicos aumenta com a idade (p< 0,001) e parece ser relacionada com o grau de comprometimento articular (GCS>GSS), (p< 0,059); o ângulo do joelho do GCS tende a um menor valor (semiflexão) quando comparado aos outros grupos; e há diferença significativa no percentual de desempenho nos testes entre grupos na faixa etária de 7 anos (GSS>GC e GSS>GCS), (p< 0,087). DISCUSSÃO E CONCLUSÃO: Crianças hemofílicas de 7 anos apresentaram menor desempenho funcional quando comparadas aos outros grupos. Este resultado ressalta a importância da fisioterapia precoce associada à terapêutica médica para evitar comprometimentos articulares severos.
The purpose of this study was to compare structural variations of the temporomandibular joint anatomy between symptomatic patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunction and asymptomatic controls.
...There were 74 symptomatic patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunction, 29 asymptomatic volunteers with normal joints, and 6 asymptomatic volunteers with disk displacement with reduction included in this study. All subjects had bilateral high resolution magnetic resonance imaging scans performed in the sagittal (closed and opened) and coronal (closed) positions. All subjects had right and left full profile laminagraphs, one in the centric occlusal position, and one with the incisors edge to edge.
Student-Newman-Keuls tests demonstrated no significant angular or linear differences for depth of the articular fossa, angle of the articular eminence, horizontal and vertical overlap of the incisor teeth, and linear condylar translation.
This study concludes that there are no significant differences in angular and linear measurements in the articular fossa of asymptomatic volunteers and symptomatic subjects with temporomandibular joint dysfunction.
This paper presents a parallel multigrid-Schwarz method for the solution of hydrodynamics and heat transfer problems. In the proposed method, the solution is obtained by a multigrid method ...parallelized by domain decomposition techniques, more specifically by the additive Schwarz method. The experiments performed have shown that the proposed implementation is computationally efficient, have good scalability, and good numerical quality.
Software routers based on off-the-shelf hardware and open-source operating systems are gaining more and more momentum. The reasons are manifold: first, personal computer (PC) hardware is broadly ...available at low cost; second, large-scale production and the huge market spur the manufacturers to closely track the improvements made available by Moore's Law; third, open-source software leaves the freedom to study the source code, learn from it, modify it to improve the performance, and tailor its operation to one's own needs. In this paper we focus only on the data plane performance and compare the default Linux IP stack with the Click modular IP stack in terms of the forwarding throughput. The results are surprising and show that a high-end PC is easily able to fit into the multi-Gigabit-per-second routing segment, for a price much lower than commercial routers.
Background.Microvascular anastomoses must be constructed perfectly in order to be successful. One of the subtle technical errors that can occur during construction is twisting of the anastomosis. In ...the present study, we examined the effect of twist on the immediate, 2-h postoperative angiographic dimensions and patency of microvascular anastomoses.
Materials and methods.Sixty-four Sprague–Dawley rats were assigned randomly to four groups. The femoral arteries were dissected for a distance sufficient to permit the application of an 8.5-mm-long microanastomotic approximator clamp. Microarteriorrhaphies were performed with twists of 0°, 90°, 180°, or 270°. Patency was assessed 2 h after surgery using transabdominal aortic arteriography with run-off. Measurements were recorded for each anastomosis, as well as for the narrowest and widest diameters of the vessels within 10 mm of the anastomosis.
Results.Fifty-nine of the 64 rats had technically satisfactory angiograms which permitted measurement of vascular dimensions. The cross-sectional areas of the narrowest areas and the anastomoses were inversely related to the degree of twist, and were significantly reduced at 270° (P< 0.05). Two-hour patency rates were 86% with 0° twist, 82% with 90° twist, 71% with 180° twist, and 33% with 270° twist. The reduction in patency with 270° twist was statistically significant (P< 0.05).
Conclusions.Twists of 0°, 90°, and 180° did not impair patency at a statistically significant level, but twists of 270° did significantly reduce patency of microvascular anastomoses (P< 0.05).
Introduction: Synovitis associated with hemophilia may induce abnormalities in the proprioceptive and sensory receptors of joints. This favors decreased stability and body misalignment and may ...compromise the functional abilities of children affected by this condition. Objective: To assess the lower limb postural alignment and functional performance of hemophilic children, and correlate this with the incidence of hemarthrosis. Method: An experimental group of 28 hemophilic children and a control group (CG) of 20 children without hemophilia were evaluated. The experimental group was divided according to the degree of joint involvement: 16 children without chronic synovitis (NCS) and 12 with chronic synovitis (CS). Each group was subdivided according to age groups: 3-4, 5-6 and 7 years old. The knee and ankle angle alignments were analyzed using the Geometer Sketchpad program. The children's performance in functional activities was evaluated using tests adapted from the Lefevre evolutive neurological examination. Results: In the experimental group, mean bleeding increased with age (p< 0.001) and seemed to be related to the degree of joint involvement (CS>NCS) (p< 0.059).
Algodystrophy can follow a wide variety of painful disorders and the Sympathetically Maintained Pain (SMP) syndromes form a chapter of medicine which is far more important than generally considered. ...The abnormal central sensitization of internucial pools of spinal neurones must be considered as the crucial element of these painful states. Treatment must be carried out in the first phase in order to minimize the state of spinal hypersensitivity.
We consider all-optical TDM/WDM broadcast and select networks. We assume that each network node is equipped with one fixed transmitter and one tunable receiver; tuning times are assumed to be not ...negligible with respect to the slot time. We discuss efficient scheduling algorithms to assign TDM/WDM slots to multicast traffic in such networks. Given the problem complexity, heuristic algorithms based on the Tabu Search methodology are proposed, and their performance is assessed using randomly created request matrices based on two types of multicast traffic patterns: a video-conference, and a server distribution traffic pattern. The considered performance index is the frame length required to schedule a given traffic request matrix.
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