U ovoj studiji istražena je klasifikacija usjeva i tla korištenjem algoritma strojnoga učenja Random Forest, temeljenoga na crveno-zeleno-plavoj (RGB) i multispektralnoj kameri integriranoj na ...bespilotnome zrakoplovu. Područje istraživanja obuhvaćalo je dva podskupa poljoprivredne čestice kukuruza dimenzija 10 x 10 m u blizini Koške. Najveća ukupna točnost klasifikacije postignuta je u kombinaciji rubnoga crvenog (RE), bliskoga infracrvenog (NIR) kanala i indeksa normalizirane vegetacijske razlike (NDVI) u oba podskupa, s ukupnom točnošću od 99,8 %, odnosno 91,8 %. Provedena analiza pokazala je da je RGB kamera postigla dovoljnu točnost i da je prihvatljivo rješenje za klasifikaciju tla i vegetacije. Međutim, multispektralna kamera i spektralna analiza omogućile su detaljniju analizu, prvenstveno za spektralno slična područja. Ovaj je postupak temelj i za izračun gustoće usjeva i za otkrivanje korova s pomoću bespilotnih zrakoplova. Kako bi se osigurala učinkovitost klasifikacije usjeva u praktičnoj primjeni, potrebno je dodatno uključiti klase korova u trenutačnu klasu vegetacije i podijeliti ih na klase usjeva i korova.
This study investigated a crop and soil classification applying the Random Forest machine learning algorithm based on the red-green-blue (RGB) and multispectral sensor imaging deploying an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The study area covered two 10 x 10 m subsets of a maize-sown agricultural parcel near Koška. The highest overall accuracy was obtained in the combination of the red edge (RE), near-infrared (NIR), and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) in both subsets, with a 99.8% and 91.8% overall accuracy, respectively. The conducted analysis proved that the RGB camera obtained sufficient accuracy and was an acceptable solution to the soil and vegetation classification. Additionally, a multispectral camera and spectral analysis allowed for a more detailed analysis, primarily of the spectrally similar areas. Thus, this procedure represents a basis for both the crop density calculation and weed detection while deploying an unmanned aerial vehicle. To ensure crop classification effectiveness in practical application, it is necessary to further integrate the weed classes in the current vegetation class and separate them into crop and weed classes.
Biological nitrogen fixation represents the subject of numerous investigations of the scientific community. The advantages of this process, as already well known while scientific research trials ...attempts to clarify the interactions of symbionts in this type of nitrogen fixation as well as the influence of abiotic factors on its efficacy. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of garden pea cultivars ('Alicia' and 'Miracle of America'), seed inoculation with nodule bacteria (Rhizobium pisi DSM 30132, and Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae OS–103), and nitrogen fertilization (0, 30 and 60 kg N*ha-1). The observed parameters are: stand density, number of pods, mass of 1,000 grains, mass of pods and grains and grain yield. It was established that all the investigated factors significantly influenced the traits. The seeds inoculated with the indigenous strain R. leguminosarum bv. viciae OS–103 had significantly increased numbers of pods per unit area, grain yield, and the weight of 1,000 grains, while a higher amount of applied nitrogen resulted only in an increase of grain yield. Cultivar 'Alicia' achieved a significantly higher grain yield compared to the 'Miracle of America' cultivars, while application of 60 kg N*ha-1 achieved statistically higher grain yield compared to control. Inoculation with R. leguminosarum bv. viciae OS-103 produced a significantly higher grain yield compared to inoculation with the reference strain R. pisi DSM 30132. The observed parameters were significantly influenced by the garden pea cultivar, seed inoculation with nodule bacteria, and nitrogen fertilization therefore further investigation are needed with new inoculant strains and new cultivars under different agroecological conditions.
Pir je izvrstan izbor za ekološki uzgoj, jer bolje podnosi lošije agroekološke uvjete od pšenice. Ovo istraživanje na površinama obiteljskog gospodarstva „Klica“ iz Ernestinova u sezoni 2014./2015. ...nastavak je istraživanja ove kulture (kultivar „Frankenkorn“) prethodne sezone u agroekološkim uvjetima u dijelu istočne Slavonije na površinama istog obiteljskog gospodarstva. Prosječni prinos zrna iznosio je 3,71 t/ha, što je za 1,08 t/ha više nego prethodne sezone. Ostvareni prihodi u iznosu od 10.419,92 kn/ha također su veći nego prethodne sezone.
Spelt is an excellent choice for organic farming due to better enduring worse agroecological conditions than wheat. This research on the the family farm "Klica" in Ernestinovo in the season 2014/2015 ...is an extension of the research of this culture (the cultivar "Frankenkorn") of the previous season in the agroecological conditions of eastern Slavonia on the same family farm. The average grain yield was 3.71 t ha-1, which is 1.08 t ha-1 more than the previous season. Realized revenues of HRK 10,419.92 ha-1 are also higher than in the previous season.
Pir je izvrstan izbor za ekološki uzgoj, jer bolje podnosi lošije agroekološke uvjete od pšenice. Ovo istraživanje na površinama obiteljskog gospodarstva „Klica“ iz Ernestinova u sezoni 2014./2015. nastavak je istraživanja ove kulture (kultivar „Frankenkorn“) prethodne sezone u agroekološkim uvjetima u dijelu istočne Slavonije na površinama istog obiteljskog gospodarstva. Prosječni prinos zrna iznosio je 3,71 t/ha, što je za 1,08 t/ha više nego prethodne sezone. Ostvareni prihodi u iznosu od 10.419,92 kn/ha također su veći nego prethodne sezone.
Three-year field trials determined the influence of the year, irrigation treatment and varieties on plant height and grain yield of soybeans in the eastern Croatia conditions. All three investigated ...factors, as well as their interactions, with the exception of irrigation interactions and varieties that were significant at P=0.05, show a statistically significant influence (P=0.01) on the height of soybean plants. Soybean grain yields, as well as all their interactions, affect the significance level P=0.01. The obtained values of soybean grain yields during the study (mostly greater than 3000 kg ha-1) indicate the importance of selecting appropriate varieties and irrigation treatment in adapting soybean production to adverse weather effects of the year.
The study presents the results of a three-year experiment (2013–2015) that was carried out to determine a relationship between the soybean yield components and the seed yield under different ...irrigation treatments. The results indicated that the study year had the greatest effect on the number of nodes per plant (NNP), while an interaction between the irrigation and experiment year was also statistically significant. The highest average NNP was observed in 2015, being 33% higher when compared to the year 2014. The highest number of seeds per plant (NSP) was observed in 2015, being 20% and 31% higher when compared to 2013 and 2014. An abundant irrigation resulted in the highest NSP when compared to a rational and control treatment. Irrigation, study year, and their interaction did not have a statistically significant effect on the thousand seed weight (TSW) (g), but the lowest average TSW (g) was obtained in the control treatment of each study year. Regression models pertaining to the seed yield prediction in the control treatment and rational irrigation were not statistically significant. However, in the abundant irrigation, the regression model based on the TSW (g), NNP, and the NSP as the predictors provided for a statistically significant model seed yield prediction, but only the NSP was identified as a highly significant seed yield predictor.
Ovo istraživanje predstavlja rezultate trogodišnjih pokusa (2013 .– 2015.) s ciljem utvrđivanja odnosa između komponenata prinosa soje i prinosa zrna pri različitim tretmanima navodnjavanja. Rezultati su pokazali da je godina istraživanja imala najveći utjecaj na broj etaža po biljci (NNP), dok je interakcija navodnjavanja i godine pokusa također statistički značajna. Najviši prosječni NNP zabilježen je 2015. godine i bio je 33 % veći u odnosu na 2014. godinu. Najveći broj zrna po biljci (NSP) zabilježen je 2015. godine, a bio 20 % i 31 % veći u odnosu na 2013. i 2014. godinu. Bogato navodnjavanje rezultiralo je najvećim NSP-om u usporedbi s racionalnim i kontrolnim tretmanom. Navodnjavanje, godina istraživanja i njihova interakcija nisu imali statistički značajan učinak na masu tisuću zrna (TSW) (g), ali je najniži prosječni TSW (g) postignut u kontrolnome tretmanu svake godine ispitivanja. Regresijski modeli za predviđanje prinosa zrna u kontrolnome tretmanu i racionalnome navodnjavanju nisu bili statistički značajni. Međutim, u bogatome navodnjavanju, regresijski model temeljen na TSW-u (g), NNP-u i NSP-u kao prediktorima dao je statistički značajan model za predviđanje prinosa zrna, ali samo je NSP identificiran kao visoko značajan prediktor prinosa zrna.
U 2018. godini industrijska konoplja, kultura višestruke namjene, uzgajala se u Republici Hrvatskoj na 857,27 ha. Cilj ovog rada je utvrditi agrotehničke mjere u ekološkom uzgoju industrijske ...konoplje, sorte „Felina 32“, za zrno na površini od 10 ha na obiteljskom poljoprivrednom gospodarstvu. Nakon berbe kukuruza izvršeno je zaoravanje žetvenih ostataka i duboko oranje uz primjenu organskog gnojiva. Sjetva je izvršena 05. travnja 2019. godine uz utrošak sjemena od 20 kg/ha. Žetva je obavljena 20. rujna 2019. Prinos zrna konoplje iznosio je 930 kg/ha, što je uz poticaje, donijelo dobit od 13.524,80 kn po hektaru.
In 2018, industrial hemp, a multi-purpose crop, was grown in the Republic of Croatia on 857.27 ha. The aim of this paper is to determine agrotechnical measures in organic farming of industrial hemp, variety „Felina 32“, for grain on an area of 10 ha on a family farm. After harvesting the corn, plowing of crop residues and deep plowing were applied with organic fertilizer. Sowing was carried out on April 5, 2019 with a seed consumption of 20 kg ha-1. The harvest was performed on September 20, 2019. The yield of hemp grain was 930 kg ha-1, which, with incentives, brought a profit of HRK 13,524.80 per hectare.
Provedeno je preliminarno poljsko istraživanje na dvije lokacije s ciljem utvrđivanja utjecaja kultivara, inokulacije sjemena i navodnjavanja na poljsko nicanje, broj mahuna po biljci, broj zrna po ...mahuni, masu 1000 zrna, prinos zrna i koncentraciju bjelančevina u zrnu soje u uvjetima istočne Hrvatske. Utvrđen je značajan utjecaj kultivara, inokulacije sjemena i navodnjavanja na sva promatrana svojstva, izuzev poljsko nicanje na što su značajno utjecali inokulacija i navodnjavanje. Značajne interakcije ispitivanih faktora nisu utvrđene samo za poljsko nicanje. U cilju smanjenja troškova mineralnih gnojiva (prvenstveno dušičnih) i očuvanja okoliša te zbog sve sušnije klime trebalo bi provesti istraživanja o utjecaju inokulanta Nitrobakterin i navodnjavanja na svojstva različitih kultivara soje u različitim agroekološkim uvjetima.
Provedeno je preliminarno istraživanje na dvije lokacije istočne Hrvatske s ciljem utvrđivanja utjecaja kultivara, inokulacije sjemena i navodnjavanja na poljsko nicanje, broj mahuna po biljci, broj ...zrna po mahuni, masu 1000 zrna, prinos zrna i sadržaj bjelančevina u zrnu. Značajnost učinaka ispitivanih faktora na istraživana svojstva bila je različita. Različita je bila i značajnost interakcija ispitivanih faktora. Podaci pokazuju da postoji mogućnost povećanja prinosa i kvalitete krmnog graška primjenom adekvatne agrotehnike, a prije svega inokulacije sjemena i navodnjavanja.
The paper presents the result of a triennial field experiment (2013‒15), aiming to determine the influence of irrigation, nitrogen fertilization, and cultivars, as well as their interactions on the ...yield and chemical properties of the soybean seeds. Four soybean cultivars (Lucija, Vita, Ika and Tena) of different maturity groups were investigate as a sub‐subplot factor (C). The main plot factor (A - irrigation) resulted in a statistically very significant (P≤0.01) seed yield in all three years, and it was found out by an analysis of variance. The subplot factor (B - nitrogen fertilization) had an impact on the grain yield depending on the research year, while sub‐subplot factor (C-cultivar) significantly affected all examined traits. The factor interactions and their significance varied by the research years. The seed yield achieved in 2013 (3883 kg ha-1) indicated a great importance of all factors’ interaction. The correlations between a seed yield and a protein and oil concentration were determined during the research.
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