Biclonal gammopathies are characterized by simultaneous appearance of two different monoclonal proteins. Multiclonal gammopathies may be the result of a neoplastic transformation of a cell clone ...undergoing immunoglobulin (Ig) class switching or due to an independent neoplastic transformation event yielding proliferation of unrelated plasma cell clones. This in turn has implication on the disease manifestation, progression, prognosis and response to therapy. The prevalence of biclonal gammopathy is approximately 1% of all gammopathies and the most common combinations are IgG and IgA (33%), followed by IgM and IgG (24%). Multiple myeloma with biclonal gammopathy is very uncommon. The present case corresponds to an extremely rare occurrence of multiple myeloma with biclonal gammopathy revealing expression of two distinct monoclonal gammaglobulins both of IgG and kappa (κ) subtype in a 56-year-old diabetic man who presented with lower back pain and renal failure. To the best of our knowledge, only one case of IgG κ biclonal gammopathy associated with multiple myeloma have been reported in English literature. This case interestingly also had paraspinal plasmacytoma and cast nephropathy.
Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) comprise a group of at least 50 distinct genetic diseases, each one resulting from the deficiency of a particular lysosomal enzyme involved in metabolism. We ...attempt to study and further subclassify pediatric LSDs into Gaucher's and non-Gaucher's category based on the morphologic variables seen in the bone marrow aspiration smears and trephine biopsy sections.
Pediatric (<12 years age) cases of LSDs diagnosed by bone marrow aspiration and trephine biopsy specimens, in the last 12 years period, were retrieved. The archival material and the relevant clinical as well as hematologic parameters were reviewed.
From January 1997 to December 2008, 55 cases were diagnosed as LSDs. Based on bone marrow morphology, 56% (n = 31) cases were diagnosed as non-Gaucher's and the remaining 44% (n = 24) cases as Gaucher's disease, the ratio being 1.29:1. Anemia and thrombocytopenia were more commonly observed in Gaucher's disease (91.67 and 62.5%) as compared to non-Gaucher's group (74.19 and 19.35%). Neurologic symptoms and signs were more frequently present in non-Gaucher's cases (45.16%) as compared to Gaucher's group (29.17%).
LSDs can be classified into Gaucher's and non-Gaucher's subtypes based on the characteristic cytomorphology of the storage cells in Giemsa-stained bone marrow aspiration smears and on hematoxylin and eosin-stained trephine biopsy sections. This approach would be fairly adequate for therapeutic and prognostic purposes in resource.constrained settings, where enzyme studies and mutational analysis may not be easily available.
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1) is a neurocutaneous syndrome with autosomal dominant mode of inheritance and has a high propensity to develop benign and malignant nervous system tumors. Although ...uncommon, case reports describing the association of NF-1 and breast cancer are available in the literature. We illustrate one such case of NF-1, with no family history of the disorder and presenting with multifocal invasive carcinoma of the right breast, in an attempt to describe the association between these two entities. We also attempt to extensively review the current literature on the subject. Since patients with NF-1 are at an increased risk of developing breast cancer, we recommend strict adherence to careful clinical breast examination and annual screening mammographic examination starting at 40 years of age in all patients of NF-1.
Biclonal gammopathies are characterized by simultaneous appearance of two different monoclonal proteins. Multiclonal gammopathies may be the result of a neoplastic transformation of a cell clone ...undergoing immunoglobulin (Ig) class switching or due to an independent neoplastic transformation event yielding proliferation of unrelated plasma cell clones. This in turn has implication on the disease manifestation, progression, prognosis and response to therapy. The prevalence of biclonal gammopathy is approximately 1% of all gammopathies and the most common combinations are IgG and IgA (33%), followed by IgM and IgG (24%). Multiple myeloma with biclonal gammopathy is very uncommon. The present case corresponds to an extremely rare occurrence of multiple myeloma with biclonal gammopathy revealing expression of two distinct monoclonal gammaglobulins both of IgG and kappa (κ) subtype in a 56-year-old diabetic man who presented with lower back pain and renal failure. To the best of our knowledge, only one case of IgG κ biclonal gammopathy associated with multiple myeloma have been reported in English literature. This case interestingly also had paraspinal plasmacytoma and cast nephropathy.
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1) is a neurocutaneous syndrome with autosomal dominant mode of inheritance and has a high propensity to develop benign and malignant nervous system tumors. Although ...uncommon, case reports describing the association of NF-1 and breast cancer are available in the literature. We illustrate one such case of NF-1, with no family history of the disorder and presenting with multifocal invasive carcinoma of the right breast, in an attempt to describe the association between these two entities. We also attempt to extensively review the current literature on the subject. Since patients with NF-1 are at an increased risk of developing breast cancer, we recommend strict adherence to careful clinical breast examination and annual screening mammographic examination starting at 40 years of age in all patients of NF-1.
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