Studies of hominid fossils have frequently reported that one of their outstanding characteristics is their heavily worn teeth. Many skeletal remains of modern man also show this condition of dental ...attrition, which is probably related to certain cultural activities. The varieties of foods consumed by primitive man and the specialized tool functions of the teeth have left significant marks in the form of worn occlusal surfaces over the dental arches. This paper discusses some of the functions of the teeth indicated by these marks and suggests that tooth wear should be studied carefully in order to gain significant information about the activities of past populations.
Ganguly Pranab. Variation in physique in North India in relation to urbanization and economic status. In: Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris, XIII° Série. Tome 1 fascicule ...1, 1974. pp. 3-43.
Further Observations on Ear Lobe Attachment DUTTA, PRATAP; Dutta, P.C.; GANGULY, PRANAB
Acta genetica et statistica medica,
01/1965, Letnik:
15, Številka:
1
Journal Article
The present paper deals with the types of ear lobe attachment which is an easily observable genetic trait, presumably not affected by adaptive changes. The mode of its inheritance is not yet well ...established and, therefore, the trait cannot at present be utilised for exact linkage studies. From the scanty investigations carried out so far, it appears to be a polygenic or multifactorial variable in man. In this study the ear lobes have been classified into three types free, intermediate and attached. This classification is recommended for future use to make the data, collected by different investigators, comparable to one another and to avoid arbitrariness in scoring. The intermediate type may be further sub-divided in pedigree studies. The necessity of following a uniform system of classification has been stressed. The data obtained from 729 individuals from the Nicobar Islands and 410 individuals from Madhya Pradesh, a central state in India, have been presented. The island communities have been found to be remarkably heterogeneous, whereas the peoples of Madhya Pradesh are more or less homogeneous. Nearly half of the Nicobarese population have completely adherent lobes, but in Madhya Pradesh only one out of every five persons shows the adherent type. The significance of the observations has been discussed. Very high frequency of attached lobe among the Nicobarese, a Mongoloid people, refutes Gates' hypothesis that it is an African characteristic. According to some investigators, such as, Riddell (cited by Gates, 1946) and Quelprud there is a significant excess of women with attached lobes, but in the present material there is no such significant sex difference. Further investigations with larger population samples from different parts of the world are needed for a better understanding of the geographical and ethnic variations of this trait and its utilization in population studies. Die obige Arbeit behandelt die verschiedenen Arten von Ohrläppchenansätzen, ein leicht zu beobachtendes genetisches Merkmal, das wahrscheinlich nicht durch Änderung in der Anpassung beeinflußt wird. Der Erbgang steht noch nicht ganz fest. Aus diesem Grund kann das Merkmal zurzeit nicht für exakte Koppelungsuntersuchungen verwandt werden. Nach den bisherigen unzulänglichen Untersuchungen dürfte eine polygene oder multifaktorielle Vererbung vorliegen. Bei der vorliegenden Untersuchung wurden die Ohrläppchen in drei Gruppen, und zwar freie, halb angewachsene und angewachsene, unterteilt. Diese Einteilung wird für den zukünftigen Gebrauch empfohlen, damit die Daten, die von verschiedenen Untersuchern gesammelt wurden, miteinander verglichen werden können, und um willkürliche Einteilungen zu vermeiden. Der Typ des halbangewachsenen Ohrläppchens kann seinerseits bei Stammbaumuntersuchungen unterteilt werden. Auf die Notwendigkeit eines einheitlichen Klassifizierungssystems wurde hingewiesen. Von 729 Personen von den Nicobar-Inseln und von 410 Personen aus Madhya Pradesh, einem Staat in Zentralindien, wurden Daten vorgelegt. Die Inselbevölkerung erwies sich als bemerkenswert heterogen, während die Bevölkerung von Madhya Pradesh mehr oder weniger homogen ist. Beinahe die Hälfte der Bevölkerung von Nicobar hat vollständig angewachsene Ohrläppchen. In Madhya Pradesh zeigte nur einer von fünf den angewachsener! Typ. Die Bedeutung der Beobachtung wurde diskutiert. Die grosse Häufigkeit der angewachsenen Ohrläppchen bei den Nicobariern, einem mongoliden Volksstamm, widerlegt die Hypothese von Gates, daß dies ein afrikanisches Charakteristikum sei. Nach einigen Untersuchern, wie Riddell (zit. bei Gates 1946) und Quelprud überwiegen die angewachsenen Ohrläppchen bei Frauen erheblich. In dem vorliegenden Material fand sich dieser Geschlechtsunterschied nicht. Weitere Untersuchungen mit größeren Bevölkerungsproben aus verschiedenen Teilen der Welt sind für ein besseres Verständnis der geographischen und ethnischen Variationen dieses Merkmales und seiner Verwendung bei Populationsuntersuchungen erforderlich. Les auteurs s'occupent des différents types de l'attachement du lobe de l'oreille, qui présente un cataractère héréditaire facilement observable et qui est peu influencé par des facteurs péristatiques. Le mode d'hérédité n'est pas encore bien établi. De ce fait, ce caractère ne peut pas être encore utilisé pour des études de linkage. Il ressort des rares investigations qu'il s'agit probablement d'un facteur polygénique ou multifacteur, variable chez l'homme. Les lobes de l'oreille ont été classés en 3 types : libre, intermédiaire et attaché. Cette classification est recommandée pour l'avenir, car elle facilite la comparaison des résultats des différents examinateurs et évite des classements erronés. Le type intermédiaire put être subdivisé lors d'études généalogiques. Les auteurs soulignent la nécessité d'un système uniforme de classification. 729 individus de l'Ile de Nicobar et 410 de l'Etat Madhya Pradesh, un état central des Indes, ont été examinés. Les habitants de l'île ont été trouvés remarquablement hétérogènes, alors que les peuples de Madhya Pradesh sont plus ou moins homogènes. A peu près la moitié de la population de Nicobar a des lobes complètement adhérents, alors qu'à Madhya Pradesh seulement une personne sur 5 présente ce type. Les auteurs discutent la signification de ces observations. La haute fréquence des lobes attachés chez les habitants de Nicobar, qui est un peuple mongol, parle contre l'hypothèse de Gates qu'il s'agit d'un facteur caractéristique pour les Africains. Selon Riddell (cité par Gates, 1946), il y a un excès significatif de femmes avec lobes attachés, mais dans le matériel examiné cette différence entre les deux sexes n'est pas significative. Des investigations concernant des populations plus grandes de différentes parties du monde sont nécessaires pour arriver à une meilleure compréhension des variations géographiques et éthiques de ce caractère et sur son utilisation pour la génétique des populations.
Psychological anthropology has contributed more to cross-cultural psychology and psychiatry than to its parent discipline. Needed is a biosocial psychological anthropology stressing the analysis of ...social relationships and focusing on the individual in his natural social context rather than on isolated personality mechanisms or grand culture-and-personality theoretical schemes. Human social relationships and structures may be viewed as having been organized by natural selection and as being generated ontogenetically by feedback processes based on environmentally stable hominid characteristics. The approach advocated bears some relationship to the techniques of "situational analysis."
This is the report of a "Schriftfest" for Sol Tax. More than 20 former students and colleagues met in Panajachel, Guatemala, to discuss his contributions to their own growth and to that of the ...discipline. The papers presented focused on studies of North American Indians, Middle American Indians, and "Middle America." Discussion centered on Tax's distinction between the bow and the hoe, i.e., the differences between North American tribal peoples and Middle American peasants. Following this, there was extensive discussion of action anthropology, with special attention to its development over the past 20 years. Problems of values, power, boundaries, generalization, and bureaucracy were among those considered. The conference ended with a brief examination of the future for B.A.s in anthropology. The participants benefited enormously from Tax's presence, and his feedback was invaluable.
The recent outbreak of the novel SARS-CoV-2 across the globe and the absence of specific drug against this virus lead the scientific community to look into some alternative indigenous treatments. ...India as a hub of Ayurvedic and medicinal plants can shed light on its treatment using specific active bio-molecules from these plants.
Keeping our herbal resources in mind, we were interested to inquire whether some phytochemicals from Indian spices and medicinal plants can be used as alternative therapeutic agents in contrast to synthetic drugs.
We used insilico molecular docking approach to test whether bioactive molecules of herbal origin such as hyperoside, nimbaflavone, ursolic acid, 6-gingerol, 6-shogaol and 6-paradol, curcumin, catechins and epigallocatechin, α-Hederin, piperine could bind and potentially block the Mproenzyme of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
Ursolic acid showed the highest docking score (−8.7 kcal/mol) followed by hyperoside (−8.6 kcal/mol), α-Hederin (−8.5 kcal/mol) and nimbaflavone (−8.0 kcal/mol). epigallocatechin, catechins, and curcumin also exhibited high binding affinity (Docking score −7.3, −7.1 and −7.1 kcal/mol) with the Mpro. The remaining tested phytochemicals exhibited moderate binding and inhibitory effects.
This finding provides a basis for biochemical assay of tested bioactive molecules on SARS-CoV-2 virus.
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